Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
eBPF for Security Observability
Search
Liz Rice
June 24, 2022
Technology
0
1k
eBPF for Security Observability
As seen at DevOpsDays Amsterdam and KCD Berlin
Liz Rice
June 24, 2022
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Liz Rice
See All by Liz Rice
When is a Secure Connection not encrypted? And other stories
lizrice
1
17
Keeping it simple: Cilium Mesh - networking for multi-cloud Kubernetes and beyond
lizrice
1
440
How Many Proxies Do You Need
lizrice
1
100
Beginner's Guide to eBPF Programming for Networking
lizrice
1
1.9k
Contributing to Open Source - what's in it for my business?
lizrice
0
35
Cloud Native eBPF Superpowers
lizrice
0
210
Beginner's Guide to eBPF programming with Go
lizrice
0
1.1k
Kubernetes-native security with Starboard
lizrice
0
150
Beginner's Guide to eBPF
lizrice
3
3.6k
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
依存ライブラリはどこに?
takesection
0
120
サービスメッシュ環境における OpenTelemetry 活用 / OpenTelemetry in Service Mesh
k6s4i53rx
2
870
データ品質をコード化! LINEヤフーのMLOpsを最適化する "ACP Data Quality" の紹介
lycorptech_jp
PRO
2
280
中央集権体制からDataOpsへの転換 / centralized-to-dataops-transformation
pei0804
7
1.6k
オーティファイ会社紹介資料 / Autify Company Deck
autifyhq
7
100k
KubeCon EU: Unlocking new Platform Experiences with Open Interfaces
salaboy
1
380
#51 “Empowering Azure Storage with RDMA”
cafenero_777
3
220
Code Smells @Voxxed Bucharest 24
victorrentea
2
230
生成AIサービスPanorama AIご説明資料
sdt
0
300
AFTを運用していたらAWS Configの課金が急増していた件
msato
0
110
暗黙知を集積するプラットフォーム : 「健常者エミュレータ事例集」の取り組み
sora32127
1
170
Oracle Database で機械学習を始めよう! Oracle Machine Learning
oracle4engineer
PRO
1
140
Featured
See All Featured
Building an army of robots
kneath
300
41k
Easily Structure & Communicate Ideas using Wireframe
afnizarnur
185
15k
Refactoring Trust on Your Teams (GOTO; Chicago 2020)
rmw
24
2.2k
Atom: Resistance is Futile
akmur
258
25k
BBQ
matthewcrist
78
8.7k
What the flash - Photography Introduction
edds
64
11k
Statistics for Hackers
jakevdp
789
220k
Building Adaptive Systems
keathley
29
1.8k
What's new in Ruby 2.0
geeforr
335
31k
Documentation Writing (for coders)
carmenintech
59
3.8k
Visualization
eitanlees
135
14k
GraphQLの誤解/rethinking-graphql
sonatard
48
9.1k
Transcript
eBPF for Security Observability Liz Rice | @lizrice Chief Open
Source Officer, Isovalent
@lizrice
@lizrice What is ? extended Berkeley Packet Filter
@lizrice What is ? Makes the kernel programmable
@lizrice userspace kernel app event system calls eBPF program Run
custom code in the kernel
@lizrice SEC("kprobe/sys_execve") int hello(void *ctx) { bpf_trace_printk("Hello World!"); return 0;
} $ sudo ./hello bash-20241 [004] d... 84210.752785: 0: Hello World! bash-20242 [004] d... 84216.321993: 0: Hello World! bash-20243 [004] d... 84225.858880: 0: Hello World! Info about process that called execve syscall + userspace code to load eBPF program eBPF Hello World
Dynamic changes to kernel behaviour
Dynamic tracing tools
@lizrice userspace kernel Tracing tool event eBPF program Use eBPF
to collect event metrics eBPF Map metrics load Gather & show metrics
@lizrice eBPF tracing tools from iovisor/bcc
@lizrice eBPF tracing - opensnoop ~/bcc/libbpf-tools$ sudo ./opensnoop PID COMM
FD ERR PATH 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 6461 opensnoop 18 0 /etc/localtime 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5060 node 23 0 /home/liz/.vscode-server/data/User/workspaceStorage/48b53 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline …
eBPF and Kubernetes
@lizrice userspace kernel pod container pod container container One kernel
per host
@lizrice userspace kernel networking access files create containers One kernel
per host pod container pod container container
@lizrice userspace kernel app app pods networking access files create
containers Kernel aware of everything on the host
@lizrice userspace app kernel app pods networking access files create
containers eBPF programs can be aware of everything
@lizrice $ kubectl gadget trace open NODE NAMESPACE POD CONTAINER
PID COMM FD ERR PATH kind-2-control-plane default xwing spaceship 361876 vi 3 0 /etc/passwd eBPF tracing on Kubernetes - Inspektor Gadget Kubernetes info
@lizrice eBPF observability tools -
@lizrice eBPF observability tools - Cilium Hubble
eBPF observability
eBPF security observability
@lizrice Security observability
@lizrice Security observability
@lizrice What activity do we care about for security? eBPF
programs
@lizrice Syscall checks within the kernel
@lizrice TOCTTOU vulnerabilities with syscalls For more details • Leo
Di Donato & KP Singh at CN eBPF Day 2021 • Rex Guo & Junyuan Zeng at DEFCON 29 on Phantom attacks Attacker changes params after inspection
@lizrice Need to make the check at the right place
@lizrice Linux Security Modules • Stable interface • Safe places
to make checks
@lizrice BPF LSM • Stable interface • Safe places to
make checks + eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes
@lizrice $ sudo ./chmoddemo & [1] 7631 $ sudo cat
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe chmod-7776 [001] d... 38197.342160: bpf_trace_printk: lsm path_chmod liz BPF LSM hook has kernel info populated SEC("lsm/path_chmod") int BPF_PROG(path_chmod, const struct path *path, umode_t mode) { bpf_printk("lsm path_chmod %s\n", path->dentry->d_iname); return 0; } Filename known to kernel
@lizrice BPF LSM • Stable interface • Safe places to
make checks + eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes But needs kernel 5.7+ & Kubernetes context?
How stable is the Linux kernel?
@lizrice Cilium Tetragon • Safe places to make checks +
eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes Uses kernel knowledge to hook into sufficiently stable functions Adds Kubernetes context
@lizrice Photo credit: Bibafu A Tetragonisca angustula bee guarding the
nest-entrance
@lizrice apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1 kind: TracingPolicy metadata: name: "etc-files" spec: kprobes:
- call: "fd_install" … matchArgs: - index: 1 operator: "Prefix" values: - "/etc/" … Cilium Tetragon tracing policy + Policy “follows” file descriptor through read, write & close events
@lizrice $ kubectl logs ds/tetragon -c export-stdout -f | tetragon
observe 🚀 process default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📝 write default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 1275 bytes 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 💥 exit default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 0 Cilium Tetragon observe Policy events Kubernetes info
@lizrice Combined network and runtime visibility
eBPF preventative runtime security
@lizrice Network policy → eBPF programs drop packets
@lizrice Preventative actions from user space
@lizrice Preventative actions from kernel
@lizrice $ kubectl logs ds/tetragon -c export-stdout -f | tetragon
observe 🚀 process default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📝 write default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 1269 bytes 💥 exit default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd SIGKILL Cilium Tetragon observe Killed before write
eBPF security observability • Dynamic instrumentation - zero app modifications
• Contextual information, Kubernetes identity-aware • Option for runtime enforcement from the kernel
Thank you! cilium/tetragon @ciliumproject cilium.io | ebpf.io @lizrice