Hamburg Webperf meetup

extended h2 in the real world talk

1. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM H2 in the real world Michael Gooding @Michael_G_81
2. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM 18 Feb 2015
3. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Conflict in Ukraine continued Picture: AFP/Getty Images
4. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Heavy snow in Istanbul causes airport closure Picture: AFP/Getty Images
5. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Relatives of missing flight MH370 passengers protest in Malaysia Picture: AFP/Getty Images
6. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM People in Finland celebrated Chinese New Year Picture: EPA
7. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM In Russia a Car falls into a sink hole! Picture: Europics
8. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
9. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
10. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Michael Gooding: Performance Specialist 1. H2 adoption 2. H2 recap 3. H2 Performance i. Measurement ii. Rendering iii. Small files iv. Sprites 4. Summary & Questions
11. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM 1. Adoption
12. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Adoption Source: http://isthewebhttp2yet.com/measurements/adoption.html
13. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Adoption – Single h2 objects
14. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Adoption – h2 error pages shouldn’t count! http https
15. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Adoption – File pages
16. 300+ customers using H2 1100+ domains
17. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM 2. Recap
18. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM h2 Recap 1. Multiplexing 2. Header compression 3. Server push
19. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM HTTP/1.1 1. Single request/response pattern 2. Introduced head of line blocking H/2 uses binary framing 1. Allows streaming of content 2. Interleaving of streams 3. Prioritisation of streams Multiplexing
20. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM HTTP/1.1 1. Headers sent in plain text 2. 80-90% repetition 3. Long cookies added to weight H/2 uses HPACK 1. Client/Server Index table used 2. Compression applied Header Compression
21. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM HTTP/1.1 1. Servers waits for requests 2. 1:1 relationship 3. Browser discovery delay 4. In-lining provided cache issues H/2 can push resources 1. 1:many relationship 2. Separate resource = new stream 3. Can be cached & re-used 4. Can be declined Server Push
22. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM TCP maybe the next bottleneck 1. Optimised for many small connections 2. Packet loss has a bigger impact on one connection H/2 can free up resources 1. 1 connection per client 2. The server has less to manage Other Considerations
23. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM 3. Performance
24. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Performance i. Measurement ii. Rendering iii. Small files iv. Sprites
25. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Akamai RUM 1. Billions beacons collected per day 2. Some sites see good improvements 3. Some sites don’t! 4. 3rd Party content waters down benefit 5. Network conditions vary results 6. Browsers behave differently
26. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. H1 v H2 Demo
27. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. How to test h2 v h1 --disable-http2
28. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. How to test h2 v h1 firefoxPref network.https.spdy.enabled false firefoxPref network.https.spdy.enabled.https2 false navigate https://www.website.com
29. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. How to test h2 v h1
30. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. How do I know it’s h2? h1 h2
31. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. How do I know it’s h2? h1 h2
32. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. How do I know it’s h2? h1 h2
33. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. H2 – Chrome Net Internals chrome://net-internals/#http2
34. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Performance i. Measurement ii. Rendering iii. Small files iv. Sprites
35. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance - Rendering h1 h2 h1 h2 4 sec
36. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance - Rendering h1 h2 h1 h2 4 sec
37. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM What’s the problem? Rendering with different prioritisation
38. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance - Rendering: Sharding h1 h2 1 Domain All on same connection 2nd connection opened /js /css www.website.com /js /css www.website.com dns connection ssl ttfb d/load
39. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance - Rendering: Sharding cdn.website.com/js cdn.website.com/css www.website.com cdn.website.com/js cdn.website.com/css www.website.com h1 h2 2 Domains h2 1 Certificate 2 Certificates cdn.website.com/js cdn.website.com/css www.website.com dns connection ssl ttfb d/load
40. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance - Rendering: Sharding js.website.com/js css.website.com/css www.website.com js.website.com/js css.website.com/css www.website.com h1 h2 3 Domains h2 1 Certificate 3 Certificates js.website.com/js css.website.com/css www.website.com dns connection ssl ttfb d/load
41. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: Sharding example h2 after h2 before Simple improvement by not making connection
42. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: Sharding example h2 after h2 before
43. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: Progressive jpegs h2 normal jpeg progressive Normal jpegs just 60% loaded
44. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: Progressive jpeg example h2 after h2 before
45. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: DIY prioritisation <script> var img = document.createElement("img"); img.src = "tshirt2.jpg"; document.getElementById("imgholder").appendChild(img); </script> Different order, but ultimately same outcome
46. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: DIY prioritisation <img onload="addImages();" src="tshirt12_thumb.jpg"> <script> function addImages() {; var img = document.createElement("img"); img.src = "tshirt2.jpg"; document.getElementById("imgholder").appendChild(img); } </script> Different order and loaded with dependency
47. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: INITCWND 10 32 10 64
48. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering example Large image fills bandwidth
49. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering example prog jpg h2 before js priority
50. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering example 2 sec 1 sec ??? prog jpg
51. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Server Push Update
52. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering example 2 sec 1 sec h2 push prog jpg
53. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering example Server Push h2 push prog jpg
54. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Rendering: Server push bad example h2 push h2 before
55. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Rendering Summary 1. Keep critical content on same domain 2. If you need to shard to balance h1 use the same cert 3. Progressive jpgs can help rendering 4. Use JavaScript if you need to delay resources 5. Don’t worry too much about congestion windows 6. Use server push where you can
56. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Performance i. Measurement ii. Rendering iii. Small files iv. Sprites
57. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: CSS Test Page: 1000 x coloured <div> tags with 1000 CSS rules /* 1 CSS rule for each <div>*/ #div1 { width:20px; height:20px; background-color:#000000; float:left; margin:1px; } … /* HTML */ <div id=“div1"></div> … <div id=“div1000"></div> For example 1 file with 1000 rules OR 500 files with 2 rules in each
58. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: CSS Visual experience of test H2 is faster to download, rendering is not progressive - (10 file example) h1 h2
59. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: CSS CSS bytes downloaded 0 250 500 0 6 12 18 0 250 500 750 1000 H2 is smaller because of header compression File size grows because of less compression (gzip) and more headers * # of files file size (kB) visual complete (s) h1 h2
60. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: CSS 0 250 500 0 6 12 18 0 250 500 750 1000 h1 h2 # of files file size (kB) visual complete (s) Chrome performance comparison H2 is slower when you exceed 20 files!
61. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: CSS Firefox performance comparison 0 250 500 0 6 12 18 0 250 500 750 1000 # of files file size (kB) visual complete (s) h1 h2 H2 is faster, especially as you increase the number of files Smaller number of files is faster to load
62. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chrome h2 Chrome h1 Performance – Small files: CSS Zoomed to 7.5 files # of files visual complete (s)
63. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chrome h2 Chrome h1 FF h2 FF h1 Performance – Small files: CSS Zoomed to 7.5 files # of files visual complete (s)
64. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files example Network not much different h2 after h2 before
65. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files example h2 after h2 before Result in browser is big
66. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Test Page: 1000 x restyled <div> tags with 1000 JS updates /* Example JS code for each block */ document.getElementById('div1').style.backgroundColor = 'red'; /* HTML */ <div id=“div1"></div> For example 1 file with 1000 updates OR 500 files with 2 updates in each
67. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Visual experience of test With h1 rendering is more progress but overall it’s slower - (20 file example) h1 h2
68. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS JS bytes downloaded 0 150 300 450 0 6 12 18 0 250 500 750 1000 file size (kb) visual complete (s) # of files h1 h2 H2 has smaller files because of header compression File size grows because of less compression (gzip) and more headers *
69. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Chrome performance comparison 0 150 300 450 0 6 12 18 0 250 500 750 1000 file size (kb) visual complete (s) # of files h1 h2 Chrome a mixed bag as before
70. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Firefox performance comparison 0 150 300 450 0 6 12 18 0 250 500 750 1000 file size (kb) visual complete (s) # of files h1 h2 H2 is only slightly faster even as you increase the number of files Smaller number of files is faster to load
71. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Zoomed to 22 files 0 1 2 1 6 11 16 21 visual complete (s) # of files Chrome h2 Chrome h1
72. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Zoomed to 22 files 0 1 2 1 6 11 16 21 visual complete (s) # of files Chrome h2 Chrome h1 FF h2 FF h1
73. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Visual experience of loading the page 0 3 6 9 0 250 500 750 1000 render start (s) # of files h1 h2 Rendering range in h1 is large
74. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS Visual experience of loading the page 0 3 6 9 0 250 500 750 1000 render start (s) # of files h1 h2 Rendering range in h1 is large
75. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS example Network results pretty similar h2 after h2 before
76. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Small files: JS example Faster rendering in browser h2 after h2 before
77. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Small files Summary 1. Keep combining files, same as h1 2. 2 or 3 is ok, based on frequency of change
78. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Performance i. Measurement ii. Rendering iii. Small files iv. Sprites
79. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Image Sprites Test Page: 1MB of images split into different sizes /* HTML for 1000 files*/ <img onload="imgMark();" src="1kb_Image?1000"> /* HTML for 10 files*/ <img onload="imgMark();" src="100kb_Image?10"> /* HTML for 1 file*/ <img onload="imgMark();" src="1000kb_Image?1">
80. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. 0 400 800 1200 1600 0 25 50 0 250 500 750 1000 Performance – Image Sprites Image bytes downloaded h1 h2 # of files file size (kB) visual complete (s) Improved file size is just down to headers
81. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. 0 400 800 1200 1600 0 25 50 0 250 500 750 1000 Performance – Image Sprites Chrome performance comparison h1 h2 # of files file size (kB) visual complete (s) Chrome a mixed bag as before
82. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. 0 400 800 1200 1600 0 25 50 0 250 500 750 1000 Performance – Image Sprites Firefox performance comparison h1 h2 # of files file size (kB) visual complete (s) H2 is only slightly faster and only above 250 files Anything under 250 is pretty similar
83. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Image Sprites Visual experience of loading the page h1 h2 # of files Render start (s) 0 5 10 0 250 500 750 1000 Rendering range in h1 is large
84. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Image Sprites Visual experience of loading the page h1 h2 # of files Render start (s) 0 5 10 0 250 500 750 1000 Rendering range in h1 is large
85. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Image Sprites Other considerations 1. Code complexity 2. Caching 3. Images used in sprite
86. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Image Sprites example
87. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Image Sprites example h2 images h2 sprite Load difference much less with sprite
88. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. Performance – Image Sprites example # of images used Load time (ms) #sprite19 {background:url('images/sprite.png') no-repeat -17px 0;} #image19 {background:url('sprite/sprite19.png') no-repeat;} 0 70 140 sprite 1 5 10 20 30 40 code img used
89. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Sprite Summary 1. Keep using sprites for performance 2. If you are only using a few images files are ok 3. Think about management 4. Think about frequency of change 5. Mobile decoding times can be slow
90. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM 4. Summary & Questions
91. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Anti-patterns aren’t anti-patterns 1. Keep combining files 2. Check rendering times carefully 3. Keep using sprites (if you use enough images) 4. If you have to shard reuse the same connection 5. Make sure critical content is on the same domain
92. ©2016 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM Questions? Michael Gooding @Michael_G_81