TOEICクラス用

Transcript

1. TOEIC ɹ by m 1
2. ඼ࢺ 2
3. ඼ࢺͷ࢖͍ํ ໊ࢺ ᶃS, O, Cʹ͢Δɻ ᶄલஔࢺͷޙΖʹ(for you, to school ͷΑ͏ʹ)ɻ ܗ ༰ ࢺ ᶃݶఆ༻๏ʹ໊ࢺΛम০͢Δɻ(a good penͷΑ͏ʹ) ᶄঀड़༻๏ʹୈೋจܕͷಈࢺʢbe keepͳͲʣʹଓ͘ɹIt is good. 3
4. ඼ࢺͷ࢖͍ํ ෭ࢺ ໊ࢺҎ֎Λम০͢Δ ʹओʹಈࢺ΍ܗ༰ࢺΛम০͢Δ ʢeven ͳͲ໊ࢺΛम০Ͱ͖Δ·Ε ͳྫ֎͋Γʣ ઀ ଓ ࢺ ୯ޠͱ୯ޠɺ۟ͱ۟ɺઅͱઅΛ݁Ϳ 4
5. ໰୊ɻ඼ࢺΛ౴͑Αɻ • beauty • currency • commitment • emotion • kindness • employer • employee • accountant • notify • recognize • precious • active • rational • beautiful • comfortable • slowly • thus • therefore • nevertheless • but • although 5
6. ඼ࢺΛ۠ผ͢Δํ๏ ①୹͍୯ޠ (very, highͳͲத̍Ϩϕϧ໨҆) ͓͔֮͑ͯ͘͠ͳ͍ʂ ②௕͍୯ޠ ઀ඌࣙͷܗͰݟ෼͚Δɻ ʲ஫ҙʳ඼ࢺΛҙຯʹΑܾͬͯΊ͚ͭͳ͍͜ ͱɻྫ͑͹due͸ܗ༰ࢺɺdeadline͸໊ࢺɻ 6
7. ඼ࢺΛ۠ผ͢Δํ๏઀ඌࣙ 名詞-ty, -cy, -ment, -tion, -ness, - ance 人を表す接尾辞に注意 (-er, -ee, -ant) 動詞-fy, -ize, -en 形容 詞 -ous, -ive, -al, -ful, -ble 7
8. ඼ࢺΛ۠ผ͢Δํ๏ 副詞 --ly　　(形容詞＋ly) 次の四種類の意味を指す基本単語 時間 yesterday, always 場所 here, overseas 理由 thus, therefore 譲歩however 接続 詞 although, butなど 8
9. จܕ 9
10. จܕͷجຊ
 SVOCͱ͍͏ه߸͕ද͢΋ͷͱ͸ʁ Ұ จ ܕ SV ࣗಈࢺ ೋ จ ܕ SVC Beಈࢺ ෆ׬શࣗಈࢺ ʮ··Ͱ͋Δʯɹremain, keep ײ֮Λද͢ಈࢺ look, sound, feel, taste, smell ʮΑ͏ͩʯseem, appear ࡾ จ ܕ SVO ଞಈࢺ ʢ͜ͷλΠϓ͕Ұ൪ଟ͍ʣ 10
11. ෆ׬શࣗಈࢺ➕ܗ༰ࢺ 1. ʮ··Ͱ͋Δʯremain, keep 2. ײ֮Λද͢ಈࢺ look, sound, feel, taste, smell 3. ʮΑ͏ͩʯseem, appear 4. ʮͳΔʯbecome, get 11
12. จܕͷయܕࣄྫ Ұ จ ܕ SV I talk about the topic. ʢI talk the topic.×ʣ ಈࢺͷޙΖʹ௚઀໊ࢺΛ͚ͭͯ͸μϝ ೋ จ ܕ SVC It remains beautiful. (It remains beautifully.×) ಈࢺͷޙΖ͸Cʹ͋ͨΔܗ༰ࢺ·ͨ͸໊ࢺɻ ࡾ จ ܕ SVO I discuss the topic. (I discuss about the topic. ×) ಈࢺͷޙΖ͸໊ࢺͷ໨తޠ͕ඞཁɻ ࢛ จ ܕ SVOO I give you a present. ಈࢺͷޙΖ͸ɺೋͭͷ໨తޠʹ໊ࢺ ໨తޠ͸࠷ॳʹਓɺ࣍ʹϞϊͱ͍͏ॱ൪͕جຊ 五 文 型 SVOC I consider the topic important. 12
13. ܗ༰ࢺɾ෭ࢺ 13
14. ܗ༰ࢺత म০ ໊ࢺΛम০͢Δ I am a good student. ෭ࢺత म০ ໊ࢺҎ֎Λम০ ͢Δ ʢಈࢺΛम০͢ Δɺܗ༰ࢺΛम ০͢ΔɺͳͲʣ I speak slowly. 14
15. 5.4 ඼ࢺΛݟൈ͘໰୊ͷύλʔϯ
 ෭ࢺΛબͿ৔߹ The president talk (ɹɹɹɹɹ) ಈࢺΛम০ The president talk about the new budget (ɹɹɹɹɹɹ) ಈࢺͱ཭Ε͍ͯΔ৔߹΋ɻ The president has (ɹɹɹɹ) predicted it. The president is (ɹɹɹɹɹɹ) known. ಈࢺͷ׆༻ɺ׬ྃܗ΍ड਎͸ਅΜத ʹɻ This is a (ɹɹɹɹɹɹ) comfortable room. ܗ༰ࢺΛम০ 15
16. ඼ࢺΛݟൈ͘໰୊ͷύλʔϯ
 ಈࢺΛબͿ ໰୊ࣄྫ จܕ ౴͑ͷબͼํ The president (ɹ) in the park. SV WalkͳͲࣗಈࢺΛબͿɻ The president seems (ɹ). SVC ೋจܕͷಈࢺͩͱؾ͚ͮ ͹ޙΖ͸Cɻܗ༰ࢺɻ The president (ɹ) it. SVO ଞಈࢺΛબͿ The president (ɹ) the employees the reward. SVOO GiveͳͲ࢛จܕͷಈࢺΛ બͿ The president (ɹ) it difficult. SVOC ConsiderͳͲޒจܕͷಈ ࢺΛબͿ 16
17. ඼ࢺΛݟൈ͘໰୊ͷύλʔϯ
 ಈࢺͷޙΖΛબͿ ໰୊ࣄྫ จܕ ౴͑ͷબͼํ The president (ɹ) comfortable. SVC Look, appearͳͲೋจܕͷ ಈࢺΛબͿɻޙΖ͕ܗ༰ ࢺ͸ೋจܕ͚ͩʂ The president give the employees (ɹɹ). SVOO Oʹ͋ͨΔ໊ࢺΛબͿ The president consider it (ɹɹ). SVOC Cʹ͋ͨΔܗ༰ࢺΛબͿ 17
18. ඼ࢺΛݟൈ͘໰୊ͷύλʔϯ
 ܗ༰ࢺΛબͿ৔߹ʢೋ͚ͭͩʂʣ ࣄྫ ࢖͍ํ This is a (ɹɹɹɹɹɹ) pen. ໊ࢺΛम০͢Δܗ༰ࢺʹݶఆ༻๏ This is (ɹɹɹɹɹɹ). ೋจܕͷCʹ͋ͨΔܗ༰ࢺʹঀड़༻๏ 18
19. ໊ࢺ 19
20. ਺͑Δ ਺͑ͳ͍ ͨ͘͞Μ many much গ͠ A few A little ΄ͱΜͲ ͳ͍ few little 20
21. ໊ࢺͷ஫ҙ cargo ੵΈՙ Luggage/baggage ՙ෺ equipment ૷ஔ evidence ূڌ knowledge ஌ࣝ information ৘ใ advice ΞυόΠε 21
22. ୅໊ࢺͷ஫ҙ
 ୯਺ɺෳ਺ͷѻ͍ ओޠͱड़ޠͷࣄྫ ѻ͍ํ ҙຯ Each student is ୯਺ ͦΕͧΕͷ Every student is ୯਺ Ͳͷɺօʢҙຯ্ ͸ෳ਺ʣ Somebody is ୯਺ ୭͔ Either of the students is ୯਺ ೋਓͷͲͪΒ͔ Neither of the students is ୯਺ ೋਓͱ΋ʙͳ͍ None of the students are ෳ਺ ֶੜͷ୭΋ʙͳ͍ 22
23. ൱ఆ 23
24. • Neither of them is coming. • Ͳͬͪ΋ͳ͍ • Not both of them (the two) are coming. • ྆ํͳΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ 24
25. • ࢲ͸͍ͭ΋ӳޠΛษڧ͢ΔΘ ͚͡Όͳ͍ • I don’t always study english. 25
26. ಈࢺ 26
27. ඼ࢺΛݟൈ͘໰୊ͷύλʔϯ
 ಈࢺΛબͿ ໰୊ࣄྫ The president (ɹ) in the park. The president seems (ɹ). The president (ɹ) it. The president (ɹ) the employees the reward. The president (ɹ) it difficult. 27
28. ඼ࢺΛݟൈ͘໰୊ͷύλʔϯ
 ಈࢺͷޙΖΛબͿ ໰୊ࣄྫ The president (ɹ) comfortable. The president give the employees (ɹɹ). The president consider it (ɹɹ). 28
29. ݱࡏ׬ྃ ࣄྫ ҙຯ I have finished it. ׬ྃ ऴΘͬͨͱ͜Ζͩ I have been to Canada. ܦݧ ͨ͜͠ͱ͕͋Δ I have lived here for ten years. ܧଓ ͣͬͱ͍ͯ͠Δ 29
30. աڈ׬ྃ I had finished it. աڈ·Ͱʹ׬ྃ ʢաڈʹʣऴΘͬͨͱ ͜Ζͩͬͨ I had been to Canada. աڈ·Ͱͷܦݧ ʢաڈ·Ͱʹʣͨ͜͠ ͱ͕͋ͬͨ I had lived here for ten years. աڈ·Ͱͷܧଓ ʢաڈ·Ͱʣ͍ͯͨ͠ ʢࠓ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ʣ 30
31. ड਎ͷ੍࣌ ݱࡏਐߦ The news is being reported. ࠓʙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ݱࡏ׬ྃ T h e n e w s h a s b e e n reported. ʢࠓ·Ͱʣʙ͞Εͯ ͖ͨ աڈ׬ྃ T h e n e w s h a d b e e n reported. ʢաڈ·Ͱʣʙ͞Ε ͯ ͖ ͨ ʢ ʹ ࠓ ͸ ҧ ͏ʣ ॿಈࢺ The news may be reported. ʙ͞ΕΔ͔΋͠Εͳ ͍ ॿ ಈ ࢺ ʴ աڈ The news may have been reported. ʙ͞Ε͔ͨ΋͠Εͳ ͍ ʲ ஫ ҙ ʂ ʳ m a y Λ mightʹ? 31
32. ׬ྃܗͷ੍࣌ 現 在 完 了 ＋進行 T h e y h a v e been reporting the news. （今まで）ずっ と〜してきた 過 去 完 了 ＋進行 He had been reporting the news. （過去まで）ず っ と 〜 し て き た 助 動 詞 ＋ 過去 He may have reported the news. 〜したかもし れない 32
33. ಈࢺͷ஫ҙ
 ಈࢺͷޙΖ ྫจ ҙຯ ಉ͡࢖͍ํͷಈࢺ ࢖໾ಈࢺʴ໨తޠ ʴݪܗಈࢺ The president made him do it. ʙʹʙͤ͞Δ let, make, have ײ֮ಈࢺʴ໨తޠ ʴݪܗಈࢺ The president saw him do it. ʙ͕ʙ͢ΔͷΛΈ Δ see, hear ʲ஫ҙʂʳಉ͡ҙ ຯͷ୯ޠͰ΋look ΍listen͸ಉ͡࢖͍ ํ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ಈࢺʴ໨తޠʴෆ ఆࢺ The president allowed him to do this ʙ͕ʙ͢ΔͷΛڐ Մ͢Δ encourage, advise ಈࢺʴ໨తޠʴલ ஔࢺ The president discouraged him from doing it. ʙ͕ʙ͢ΔͷΛ΍ Ίͤ͞Δ ্هͷҙຯͷ൓ର ʹͳΔ͚ͩͰ࢖͍ ํ͕େ͖͘มΘΔ ͜ͱ΋͋ΔͷͰ஫33
34. ಈࢺͷ஫ҙ
 ಈࢺͷޙΖ • ಈࢺ that S V • He suggested she (should) go. • ఏҊ͢Δɹpropose • ཁٻ͢Δ request, demand • ڧௐ͢Δɹinsist, emphasize 34
35. ॿಈࢺͱ੍࣌ͷมԽ The president may do it. ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ The president might do it. ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ ্هΑΓ߇͑Ίͳදݱɻݱࡏ ͷҙຯͰաڈͷҙຯͰ͸ͳ ͍ʂ The president may have done it. ͔ͨ͠΋͠Εͳ͍ ੍࣌Λաڈʹ͢Δʹ͸haveΛ ࢖͏ 35
36. ॿಈࢺͷ஫ҙ
 ΠσΟΦϜ 事例 意味 may as well 〜するほうがいい had better 〜するほうがいい would often かつて〜したものだ be used to ---ing かつて〜したものだ 36
37. Ծఆ๏ If 過去, would If I studied harder, I would finish it. 今 〜 な ら 、 〜 な の に。 If 過去完了, would have ---ed If I had studied harder, I would have finished it. 過 去 〜 だ っ た な ら、〜だったのに Had I studied…..とif を使わないで倒置で きる I wish 過去 I wish he studied harder. 〜ならいいのに。 I wish 過去完了 I w i s h h e h a d studied harder. 〜だったらよかった のに。 イ デ ィ オ ム without=but for Without water, we could not live. 〜がなければ、〜だ ろうに。 37
38. ۟ɺઅͱ͍͏ίϯηϓτ This is the famous park. ୯ޠ ʢܗ༰ࢺʣ This is the park known to many residents around here. ۟ ʢ෼ࢺ۟ʣ This is the park which I used to like. અ ʢؔ܎ࢺ અʣ 38
39. ܗ༰ࢺम০ͷޠॱ ▸ݪଇɿ୯ޠ͸લɺ۟ͱઅ͸ޙΖ ▸Some good numbers are…… ▸Some cars good for those people are…… 39
40. ܗ༰ࢺम০ͷޠॱ ▸ ྫ֎త: ▸ ޙΖʹஔ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δܗ༰ࢺ ▸ “The statistics available indicate……” ͸OK ▸ “The statistics good indicate….” ͸μϝ 40
41. ෼ࢺ͸ܗ༰ࢺʂ ~ing ʹʙͤ͞Δ surprising news convincing explanation ʮڻ͖ͷχϡʔεʯ news͕ʮͤ͞Δʯ ʮઆಘྗͷ͋Δઆ໌ʯ explanation͕ʮͤ͞ Δʯ ~ed ʹʙ͞ΕΔ surprised people ڻ͍ͨਓʑ people͕ʮ͞ΕΔʯ 41
42. ෼ࢺ۟ ୯ ޠ ͳ Β ໊ࢺͷલ reported news ۟ͳΒ ໊ࢺͷޙ n e w s r e p o r t e d o n T V yesterday 42
43. ෼ࢺߏจ Walking down the street, I met my friend. ʙ࣌ɺʙ͠ͳ͕Βɺʙ ͯ͠౳ɺʮ࣌ʯͷҙ Still feeling strange, I looked around. ʙͷͰʮཧ༝ʯͷҙ ·ͩมͳؾ෼ͩͬͨͷ Ͱɺݟճͨ͠ɻ Having said that, I agree with you. ʙ͚Ͳʮٯ઀ʯͷҙ ͦ͏͸ݴ͚ͬͨͲɺࢍ ੒Ͱ͢ɻ 43
44. ಈࢺͰ͸ͳ͍”ʙing” ҙຯ ࢖͍ํ ಈ໊ࢺ ʮʙ͢Δ͜ͱʯ Studying English is important. ໊ࢺత༻๏ S, O, CʹͳΔ લஔࢺͷޙʹଓ͘ ෼ࢺ ʮʙͤ͞Δʢ໊ࢺʣʯ It is surprising news. ܗ༰ࢺత༻๏ ໊ࢺΛम০ SVCͷCʹͳΔ ෼ࢺߏจ ʙ ࣌ ɺ ʙ ͩ ͔ Β ʢ ཧ ༝ʣɺʙ͚ͩͲʢৡาʣɻ Studying hard for a long time, he improved his skill. ෭ࢺత༻๏ 44
45. ࡾͭͷ”ʙing” “ʙed”ʹ஫ҙʂ
 ʹ΋͸΍ಈࢺͰ͸ͳ͍ʂ ड਎ ʮʙ͢Δ͜ͱʯ Studying English is important. ʮʙ͞ΕΔ͜ͱʯ “being given” ʮʙͤ͞Δʢ໊ࢺʣʯ It is surprising news. (ͪͳΈʹnews͸ෆՃࢉ) ʮʙ͞ΕΔʢ໊ࢺʣʯ “given” ओʹɺʙ࣌ɺʙ͔ͩΒʢཧ༝ʣɺʙͩ ͚Ͳʢৡาʣɻ Studying hard for a long time, he improved his skill. ड਎ ʙedͷલͷbeing͸͚ͭͯ΋͚ͭͳͯ͘ ΋ͲͬͪͰ΋͍͍ɻ “being given”·ͨ͸”given” 45
46. ؔ܎ࢺ 46
47. ؔ܎୅໊ࢺͷʮ֨ʯ This is the topic which is difficult to understand for the beginners. ઌߦࢺ͕SʹͳΔ Α͏ʹɺwhichͷ ޙΖʹVΛଓ͚ Δɻ ओ֨ This is the topic that he likes. ઌߦࢺ͕Oʢ໨ తޠʣʹͳΔΑ ͏ʹɺthatͷޙ ΖʹSɺVΛଓ͚ Δ ໨త֨ ໨త֨ͷ৔߹ͩ ͚ɺؔ܎୅໊ࢺ ΛলུͰ͖Δ 47
48. ؔ܎୅໊ࢺͷʮ֨ʯ This is the book whose cover is yellow. ઌߦࢺʹʙ’SΛ ͚ͭΔ͔ͷΑ͏ ʹɺwhoseͷޙ Ζʹ໊ࢺΛଓ͚ Δɻ ҙຯ͸ʮʢઌߦ ࢺʣͷʢޙΖͷ ໊ࢺʣʯ ॴ༗֨ ϞϊͰ΋ਓ Ͱ΋whose Λ࢖͏ͷͰ ஫ҙɻ 48
49. ʮલஔࢺʴؔ܎୅໊ࢺʯʹ஫ҙ The station which I went to was very crowded. લஔࢺͷޙΖʹઌߦࢺ͕ͭͳ͕ΔΑ͏ʹ →thatͷޙI went to͔Βલͷ the stationʹͭͳ͕Δ He wants to go to the country which he has never been to.ɹ ʢલஔࢺͷޙΖʹઌߦࢺ͕ͭͳ͕ΔΑ͏ʹ →thatͷޙhe has never been to͔Βલͷ the countryʹͭͳ͕Δ 49
50. ؔ܎୅໊ࢺɹwhat 1.ؔ܎ࢺͷwhat͸ʮʙ͜ͱʯͷҙຯɹɹɹ ʢٙ໰ࢺʮԿʯͱ͸࢖͍ํ΋ҙຯ΋ ҧ͏ʣ 2.whatͷલʹ͸ઌߦࢺʢ໊ࢺʣ͕ͳ͍ɹɹ ʢwhich΍thatͳΒઌߦࢺ͕͋Δʣ 3.ओ֨ɺ໨త֨ͷೋछྨͷ࢖͍ํ 50
51. ؔ܎୅໊ࢺɹwhat That is what I like. ໨త֨ɻ Whatࣗମ͕໨తޠʹͳΔΑ ͏ʹwhatͷޙΖ͕S,V This is what I talk about. ໨త͕֨ͩɺtalkͷΑ͏ͳࣗ ಈࢺ͸લஔࢺ͕ඞཁɻ This is what is known for many people. ओ֨ɻ Whatࣗମ͕SʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ ޙΖ͸Vɻ 51
52. ઀ଓࢺͱͯ͠ͷthat ؔ܎ࢺ This is the pen that you bought yesterday. ①ઌߦࢺ͕ඞͣ ͋Δ ②ओ֨ɺ໨త֨ thatҎԼ͕ઌ ߦࢺΛम০͢ Δɻ ઀ଓࢺ He said that you learned English a lot. ޙΖ͕׬શͳจ ʢS,Vʹଓ͍ͯɺ ඞཁͳΒO΍C· Ͱ͖ͬͪΓଓ͚ Δʣ that͸ʮʙ͜ ͱʯͱ͍͏ҙ ຯɻ 52
53. ؔ܎෭ࢺͱ͸ • Where, when, how, whyͷ࢛ ͭ • ؔ܎୅໊ࢺͱͷҧ͍ɿ࢖͍ ํʢҙຯͷҧ͍Ͱ͸ͳ͍ʣ 53
54. This is the park which I used to like. ؔ܎୅໊ࢺ This is the park where I walk every day. ؔ܎෭ࢺ 54
55. ؔ܎෭ࢺ ࣄྫ ؔ܎୅໊ࢺͱͷҧ͍ ৔ॴΛද͢ where This is the park where I walk every day. This is the park which I used to like.ʢ໨త ֨ʣ ࣌ؒΛද͢ when This is the time when we should focus on the project. This is the time which he mentioned.ʢ໨త ֨ʣ ํ๏Λද͢ how This is the way how he learned it. This is the way which is hidden.ʢओ֨ʣ ཧ༝Λද͢ why This is the reason why he studied English. This is the reason which is difficult to understand.ʢओ֨ʣ 55
56. ʮલஔࢺʴؔ܎୅໊ࢺʯʹ஫ҙ ؔ܎୅໊ࢺͷࣄྫ ؔ܎෭ࢺͱͷҧ͍ʹ஫ҙ The station that I went to was very crowded. ʢલஔࢺͷޙΖʹઌߦࢺ͕ͭ ͳ͕ΔΑ͏ʹ→thatͷޙI went to͔Βલ ͷ the stationʹͭͳ͕Δؔ܎ʣ The station where I met my friend was very crowded.ʢؔ܎෭ࢺͷޙΖ͸׬શͳ จʣ He wants to go to the country that he has never been to.ɹʢલஔࢺͷޙΖʹઌߦ ࢺ͕ͭͳ͕ΔΑ͏ʹ→thatͷޙhe has never been to͔Βલͷ the countryʹͭ ͳ͕Δؔ܎ʣ He wants to go to a country where he can study English. 56
57. ઀ଓࢺ 57
58. ઀ଓࢺɺ෭ࢺɺલஔࢺ
 ಉ͡ʮ͚ΕͲʯͰ΋࢖͍ํҧ͍ʂ ୯ޠࣄྫ ඼ࢺ ࢖͍ํͷҧ͍ but ઀ଓࢺ અͱઅɺ۟ͱ۟ɺ୯ޠͱ୯ޠΛ݁Ϳ ೋͭΛ݁͹ͳ͍ͳΒ࢖͑ͳ͍ I want to do it, but he isn’t interested. ʢ஫ҙʂɹ৽ฉهࣄͳͲͰจ಄ʹbutΛஔ͘͜ͱ͕͋ Γ·͢ɻྫ͑͹ɺ”I want to do it. But he isn’t interested. “͕ɺجຊTOEICͰ͸઀ଓࢺͱͯ͠ཧղ͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱʣ however ෭ࢺ Ұͭͷจ͚ͩͰ࢖͏ɻ However, I want to do it. despite લஔࢺ ޙΖ͸໊ࢺɻ Despite rain, I want to do it. 58
59. ઀ଓࢺɺ෭ࢺɺલஔࢺ
 ٯ઀Λද͢දݱ ୯ޠࣄྫ ඼ࢺ and, but, so, yet ౳Ґ઀ଓࢺ although, even though, while ैଐ઀ଓࢺ however, nevertheless ෭ࢺ otherwise ෭ࢺɹ͞΋ͳ͚Ε͹ despite લஔࢺɹʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣ in spite of લஔࢺ۟ɹʹ΋͔͔ΘΒͣ on the other hand લஔࢺ۟ɹҰํ on the contrary લஔࢺ۟ɹ൓ରʹ in contrast લஔࢺ۟ɹରশతʹ 59
60. ઀ଓࢺɺ෭ࢺɺલஔࢺ
 ཧ༝Λද͢දݱ ୯ޠࣄྫ ඼ࢺ because, since, as ઀ଓࢺ so ઀ଓࢺɺ෭ࢺ so…..that ઀ଓࢺʢɾɾɾɾͳͷͰɾɾɾʣ I was so tired that I went to bed early. therefore, thus ෭ࢺ consequently ෭ࢺ due to, owing to, because of લஔࢺ as a result, resulting from… લஔࢺ 60
61. ઀ଓࢺɺ෭ࢺɺલஔࢺ
 ࣌Λද͢දݱ ୯ޠࣄྫ ඼ࢺ when, while, as ઀ଓࢺ unless ઀ଓࢺʙ͠ͳ͍ݶΓʢ൱ఆͷҙຯʣ then ෭ࢺʢͦͷ࣌ʣ during લஔࢺ 61
62. ઀ଓࢺɺ෭ࢺɺલஔࢺ
 ໨తΛද͢දݱ ୯ޠࣄྫ ඼ࢺ so that ઀ଓࢺ۟ʢೋ୯ޠηοτͰ࢖͏ʣ ʙ͢ΔͨΊʹ to ෆఆࢺʙ͢ΔͨΊʹ in order to લஔࢺ۟ʢෆఆࢺʣʙ͢ΔͨΊʹ in an attempt to લஔࢺ۟ʙ͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ in an effort to લஔࢺ۟ʙ͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ 62
63. ઀ଓࢺɺ෭ࢺɺલஔࢺ
 ଟٛޠʹ஫ҙ ୯ޠ ෭ࢺ ઀ଓࢺ yet ׬ྃܗͷ ʮ·ͩɺ΋ ͏ʯ ͔͠͠ once Ұճɺ͔ͭ ͯ ͍ͬͨΜʙ ͢Δͱ Once you start, you can’t stop. ୯ޠ લஔࢺ ઀ଓࢺ as ʙͱͯ͠ ʙ͔ͩΒ ʙΑ͏ʹ As you said, I did it. ʙ࣌ since ʙҎདྷ ʙҎདྷ ʙ͔ͩΒ 63