知っておいてほしいGitの本当の基礎 / Let's know Git

஌͓͍ͬͯͯ΄͍͠ (JUͷຊ౰ͷجૅ

ίϛοτͷ࿈ͳΓͱHJUͷத਎ ʹ͍ͭͯ ˏNJZBPLB

தڃऀʙॳ৺ऀ޲͚

ͱɺࢥ͍͍ͨ

ૢ࡞ͷઆ໌ͱ͔ ͦ͏͍͏͜ͱΑΓ΋

ࠜຊతʹ(JUͷ࡞ΓΛ ஌Γ·͠ΐ͏

(JUͷίϛοτάϥϑ

FHGBDFCPPLSFBDU

͍͍ͬͨͲ͏΍ͬͯ ද͍ࣔͯ͠ΔͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ

ίϛοτͱ͸ JECCG BVUIPSOBNF EBUF "EEJOEFYQBHF JOEFYIUNM JNBHFQOH NBJOKT

ίϛοτͱ͸ JECCG BVUIPSOBNF EBUF "EEJOEFYQBHF JOEFYIUNM JNBHFQOH NBJOKT ͦΕͧΕϢχʔΫͳ*%Λ࣋ͪɺ ࡞੒ऀ΍೔෇৘ใɺ
ίϛοτϝοηʔδΛ࣋ͪɺ ϑΝΠϧ಺༰Λ࣋ͪ·͢

ίϛοτͱ͸ ͦͯ͠ ਌ͷίϛοτ*%Λ࣋ͪ·͢ JECCG QBSFOUTEFDD BVUIPSOBNF EBUF "EEJOEFYQBHF JOEFYIUNM JNBHFQOH
NBJOKT

༨ஊɿ(JUͰ࢖ΘΕΔ*% w 4)"ؔ਺ʢ੬ऑੑʣʹΑΔϢχʔΫͳ*% w ಉ͡಺༰ͳΒಉ͡*%ʹͳΔ w ϑϧͰจࣈͷਐ਺ʹͳΔ͕ɺઌ಄਺จࣈ෼͋ Ε͹ࣝผͰ͖ΔͷͰେ఍จࣈఔ౓ʹলུͰ͖Δ

w ਌ίϛοτΛḷ͍ͬͯ͘͜ͱͰπϦʔʹͳΓ·͢ ίϛοτͷ࿈ͳΓ JECCG QBSFOUTEFDD JEEFDD QBSFOUTGCD JEGCD QBSFOUTDFGF JEDFGF
QBSFOUTBCG JEBCG QBSFOUTGEB

ίϛοτͷ࿈ͳΓ ࠷ॳͷίϛοτ

Ͱ΋ɺͲ͔͜ΒḷΔʁ

ίϛοτͷ࿈ͳΓ ࠷ॳͷίϛοτ w ֤ίϛοτ͸਌ํ޲ʹḷ͍ͬͯ͘ͷͰɺ࠷ॳͷίϛο τ͸ى఺ʹͳΒͳ͍

πϦʔͷى఺ NBTUFS EFWFMPQ W )&"%

ى఺ͱͳΔ΋ͷ )&"% ϒϥϯν λά

)&"%͔ΒḷΔ NBTUFS EFWFMPQ W )&"%

)&"%ͱ͸ w ݱࡏϦϙδτϦͷͲ͜ͷίϛοτΛࢦ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ͱ͍ ͏ϙΠϯλ w جຊతʹ͸બ୒தͷϒϥϯνΛࢦ͢ʢϒϥϯνͰ͸ͳ͘ ௚઀ίϛοτ*%Λࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ͕ܯࠂ͕ग़Δʣ w ͜ͷϙΠϯλͷࢦࣔ͢͠ίϛοτͱϫʔΫϑΝΠϧͱͷ ࠩ෼͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ

ϒϥϯνͷ੾Γସ͑ NBTUFS EFWFMPQ W )&"% HJUDIFDLPVUNBTUFS

)&"%ˠϒϥϯνˠίϛοτ w ʮ)&"%ˠ͍ͣΕ͔ͷϒϥϯνˠίϛοτʯͱࢀর͢Δ ͜ͱͰઌ಄ͷίϛοτ͕ܾ·ΓɺίϛοτπϦʔΛḷΔ ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ w ϒϥϯν΍λά͸ίϛοτΛࢦࣔ͢͠ᐼͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷʢϒ ϥϯν͸Ҡಈ͢Δ͕λά͸ݻఆʣ w ϒϥϯνΛ੾Γସ͑Δͱ͍͏ͷ͸ɺ)&"%͕ࢀর͢Δϒ
ϥϯνΛม͑Δͱ͍͏͜ͱ

Ͳ͔͜Β΋ࢀর͞Εͳ͍ίϛοτ NBTUFS EFWFMPQ W )&"%

Ͳ͔͜Β΋ࢀর͞Εͳ͍ίϛοτ w )&"%ͳͲ͔ΒḷΕͳ͍ίϛοτ͸πϦʔʹද ࣔ͞Εͳ͍ w ͭ·ΓπϦʔʹදࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ͕શͯͷί ϛοτͰ͸ͳ͍ w Ͳ͔͜Β΋ḷΕͳ͍ίϛοτ͸ͦͷ͏ͪࣗಈత ʹফڈ͞ΕΔ

ࢀর͞Εͳ͘ͳΔίϛοτྫ $ # " "EEJOFEYpMF )&"%

ίϛοτϝοηʔδͷUZQP "EEJOFEYpMF ·͕ͪ͑ͨʂ $ # " )&"% ʘ͸͔͍ͣ͠ʗ

BNFOEͰϝοηʔδमਖ਼ "EEJOEFYpMF $ # " )&"% ʘͳ͓ͬͨʗ HJUDPNNJUBNFOENl"EEJOEFYpMFz

͜ͷͱ͖ɺ࣮ࡍ͸ʜ "EEJOEFYpMF $ # " "EEJOFEYpMF $` )&"% w ίϛοτΛॻ͖׵͑ͨͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺผͷ৽͍͠ί
ϛοτΛ࡞ͬͯͦͪΒʹ)&"%ΛҠ͍ͯ͠Δ w ݩͷίϛοτ͸ḷΕͳ͘ͳͬͨͷͰπϦʔද͔ࣔ Β͸ফ͑Δ w ͳͷͰॻ͖׵ΘͬͨΑ͏ʹΈ͑Δ w දࣔ͞Εͳ͘ͳͬͯ΋಺෦తʹ࢒Γଓ͚Δ

աڈͷίϛοτΛॻ͖׵͑Δ $ # " PMENTH )&"% % & ͪΐͬͱ͚ͩ͜͜मਖ਼͍ͨ͠

SFCBTF $ #` " OFXNTH )&"% % & ʘͳ͓ͬͨʔʗ HJUSFCBTFJʢུ

Ͱ΋ຊ౰͸͜͏ͳͬͯΔ $ # " PMENTH )&"% % & $` #`
%` &` OFXNTH

มΘͬͨͷ͸Ұ෦ͳΜ͔ͩΒ ͚ͩ͜͜Ͱ͍͍Μ͡Όʁ $ # " PMENTH )&"% % & #`
OFXNTH

͜͏͍͏΋ͷͳΜͰ͢ $ # " % & $` #` %` &`
w Ұ౓࡞ͬͨίϛοτ͸ʢجຊతʹʣॻ͖׵ ΘΒͳ͍ w ৽͍͠ίϛοτ͸*%͕มΘΔ w ਌*%͕มΘΔͷͰɺͨͱ͑ͦͷଞͷ಺༰͕ શ͘ಉ͡Ͱ΋৽͍͠ίϛοτͱͯ͠࡞Γ௚ ͞ΕΔ w ͭ·ΓͲ͔͜࡞Γ௚ͨ͠Β͔ͦ͜Βޙͷί ϛοτ͸࿈࠯తʹશͯ࡞Γ௚͠ʹͳΔ มߋͨ͠ ਌*%͕มΘͬͨ ͷ͔ͦ͏͔ ਌*%͕มΘͬͨ ͷ͔ͦ͏͔ ਌*%͕มΘͬͨ ͷ͔ͦ͏͔

ϒϥϯνΛ ফͪ͠Όͬͨ

͜Μͳϒϥϯν $ # " GFBU % & EFWFMPQ

ϒϥϯν࡟আ $ # " % & EFWFMPQ HJUCSBODI%GFBU ʘ͋ͬɺ΍ͬͺΓඞཁͩͬͨʗ

େৎ෉ ͦΕͰ΋औΓग़͢ खஈ͸͋Γ·͢

ϒϥϯνΛ෇͚௚͢ $ # " % & EFWFMPQ HJUSFqPH CCB)&"%!\^ʜ FCDDF)&"%!\^ʜ
GCCC)&"%!\^ʜ HJUCSBODIOFXCSBODICCB OFXCSBODI w ίϛοτ͸ݟ͑ͳ͘ͳ͚ͬͨͩͰɺ࣮ࡍʹ͸ ফ͍͑ͯͳ͍ w )&"%ͷϩάͳͲ͔Βίϛοτ*%Λݟ͚ͭग़ ͯͦ͜͠ʹ৽ͨʹϒϥϯνͳͲΛ͚ͭΕ͹· ͨදࣔ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

͜͜·Ͱͷ ·ͱΊ

w ϦϙδτϦͷத਎͸͜Μͳײ͡ ϙΠϯλͱίϛοτ܈ NBTUFS EFWFMPQ W )&"% ೖޱͱͳΔϙΠϯλ ແ਺ͷίϛοτ

Πϝʔδతʹ ͍͍ͩͨΘ͔Γ·ͨ͠ Ͷ

͔͜͜Β͸ ࣮ࡍͷத਎Λ ݟͯཧղ͠·͠ΐ͏

(JUͷॳظԽ XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ HJUJOJU

(JUͷॳظԽ SFGT HJU )&"% PCKFDUT XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ MPHT HJUJOJU HJUσΟϨΫτϦ͕࡞੒͞Εɺ͞ΒʹͦͷதʹۭσΟϨΫτϦ ܈͕࡞੒͞ΕΔʢ͜͜Ͱ͸ओཁͳ΋ͷͷΈʹهࡌΛলུʣ

ϑΝΠϧΛ࡞੒ͯ͠௥Ճ XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU FDIPpMFDPOUFOUpMFUYU HJUBEEpMFUYU

ϑΝΠϧΛ࡞੒ͯ͠௥Ճ SFGT HJU )&"% JOEFY PCKFDUT E B XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU
MPHT FDIPpMFDPOUFOUpMFUYU HJUBEEpMFUYU 4)"ͷ*%͔ΒʮσΟϨΫτ Ϧ໊ ϑΝΠϧ໊ʯͷϑΝΠϧ ʹ಺༰͕֨ೲ͞ΕΔ ݱࡏεςʔδ͞Ε͍ͯΔϑΝΠ ϧπϦʔ৘ใ ͜ͷ಺༰ͱϫʔΫϑΝΠϧΛ ൺֱͯࠩ͠෼͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ

࠷ॳͷίϛοτ XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU HJUDPNNJUNlJOJUJBMDPNNJUz

࠷ॳͷίϛοτ SFGT IFBET NBTUFS HJU )&"% JOEFY PCKFDUT FC DDF
B E XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU MPHT )&"% SFGT IFBET NBTUFS HJUDPNNJUNlJOJUJBMDPNNJUz lFCDDFz ϒϥϯν͕ࢦࣔ͠͠ ͍ͯΔઌͷίϛοτ *% lSFGSFGTIFBET NBTUFSz ݱࡏϦϙδτϦͷͲ͜ Λࢀর͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ͱ ͍͏ϙΠϯλ FCDDFNBTUFS!\^DPNNJU JOJUJBM JOJUJBMDPNNJU FCDDF)&"%!\^DPNNJU JOJUJBM JOJUJBMDPNNJU

w (JUΦϒδΣΫτͷߏ੒ΛݟͯΈΑ͏ HJUDBUpMFQFCDDF USFFBFCCDGECBEBDEEB BVUIPS.BTBZB,B[BNB DPNNJUUFS.BTBZB,B[BNB JOJUJBMDPNNJU HJUDBUpMFQB
CMPCEBCDBBBEGFpMFUYU HJUDBUpMFQE pMFDPOUFOU PCKFDUT FC DDF B E ࠷ॳͷίϛοτͷத਎ $PNNJU0CKFDU ίϛοτ৘ใ 5SFF0CKFDU ϑΝΠϧϦετ৘ใ #MPC0CKFDU ϑΝΠϧͷத਎ NBTUFS

ϒϥϯνͷ࡞੒ XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU HJUCSBODIEFW

ϒϥϯνͷ࡞੒ SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW HJU )&"% JOEFY PCKFDUT FC
DDF B E XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU MPHT )&"% SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW HJUCSBODIEFW FCDDF ϒϥϯνʹ৽͍͠ϙΠϯλ͕௥Ճ͞ΕΔɻ ͜ͷ࣌఺Ͱ͸NBTUFSͱಉҰ FCDDFEFW!\^CSBODI$SFBUFEGSPNNBTUFS

ϒϥϯνͷ੾Γସ͑ XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU HJUDIFDLPVUEFW

ϒϥϯνͷ੾Γସ͑ SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW HJU )&"% JOEFY PCKFDUT FC
DDF B E XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU MPHT )&"% SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW HJUDIFDLPVUEFW SFGSFGTIFBETEFW )&"%ͷࢀরઌΛมߋ͢Δ ͜ͱͰϒϥϯν͕มΘΔ FCDDF)&"%!\^DIFDLPVUNPWJOHGSPNNBTUFSUPEFW FCDDF)&"%!\^DPNNJU JOJUJBM JOJUJBMDPNNJU

ճ໨ͷίϛοτ XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU pMFUYU FDIPpMF@UYUpMFUYU HJUBEEpMFUYU HJUDPNNJUNlBEEpMFz

ճ໨ͷίϛοτ SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW HJU )&"% JOEFY PCKFDUT G
CCC FG BGFF CE FC E XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU pMFUYU MPHT )&"% SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW FDIPpMF@UYUpMFUYU HJUBEEpMFUYU HJUDPNNJUNlBEEpMFz GCCC)&"%!\^DPNNJUBEEpMF FCDDF)&"%!\^DIFDLPVUNPWJOHGSPNNBTUFSUPEFW FCDDF)&"%!\^DPNNJU JOJUJBM JOJUJBMDPNNJU GCCCEFW!\^DPNNJUBEEpMF FCDDFEFW!\^CSBODI$SFBUFEGSPNNBTUFS GCCC ৽͍͠ίϛοτʹϙΠϯλ ͕ॻ͖׵ΘΔ

w ॳճͱҧ͏ͱ͜Ζ HJUDBUpMFQGC USFFCEFBBEFCCFCCBC QBSFOUFCDDFDCGFFFGCDF BVUIPS.BTBZB,B[BNB DPNNJUUFS.BTBZB,B[BNB BEEpMF
HJUDBUpMFQCE CMPCEBCDBBBEGFpMFUYU CMPCFGBGFFDFFDGGEEEGCFpMFUYU PCKFDUT G CCC CE E FG BGFF ճ໨ͷίϛοτͷத਎ ਌ͷίϛοτ*%͕௥Ճ͞Εͨ ෳ਺ϑΝΠϧʹͳͬͨ

NBTUFSʹϚʔδ XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU pMFUYU HJUDIFDLPVUNBTUFS HJUNFSHFEFW

NBTUFSʹϚʔδ SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW HJU )&"% JOEFY PCKFDUT
CCB G FG FC E XPSLJOHEJSFDUPSZ pMFUYU pMFUYU MPHT )&"% SFGT IFBET NBTUFS EFW HJUDIFDLPVUNBTUFS HJUNFSHFEFW CCB)&"%!\^NFSHFEFW.FSHFNBEFCZUIF SFDVSTJWFTUSBUFHZ FCDDF)&"%!\^DIFDLPVUNPWJOHGSPNEFWUPNBTUFS GCCC)&"%!\^DPNNJUBEEpMF FCDDF)&"%!\^DIFDLPVUNPWJOHGSPNNBTUFSUPEFW FCDDF)&"%!\^DPNNJU JOJUJBM JOJUJBMDPNNJU CCBNBTUFS!\^NFSHFEFW.FSHFNBEFCZUIF SFDVSTJWFTUSBUFHZ FCDDFNBTUFS!\^DPNNJU JOJUJBM JOJUJBMDPNNJU CCB ৽͍͠ίϛοτΛࢀর SFGSFGTIFBETNBTUFS ݩͷNBTUFSϒϥϯνʹ໭Δ

w Ϛʔδίϛοτͷத਎ΛݟͯΈΑ͏ HJUDBUpMFQC USFFCEFBBEFCCFCCBC QBSFOUFCDDFDCGFFFGCDF QBSFOUGCCCCCECBFFGBCEECB BVUIPS.BTBZB,B[BNB DPNNJUUFS.BTBZB,B[BNB
.FSHFCSBODIEFW PCKFDUT CCB CE E FG BGFF ճ໨ͷίϛοτ HJUDBUpMFQCE CMPCEBCDBBBEGFpMFUYU CMPCFGBGFFDFFDGGEEEGCFpMFUYU ϑΝΠϧ಺༰͸͖ͬ͞ͱಉ͡ Ϛʔδίϛοτ͸਌Λͭ࣋ͭ ࠷ॳͷίϛοτ ճ໨ͷίϛοτ

Ϛʔδίϛοτͷ਌ͭ " % $ # EFWFMPQ NBTUFS IFBE HJUDBUpMFQC USFFCEFBBEFCCFCCBC
QBSFOUFCDDFDCGFFFGCDF QBSFOUGCCCCCECBFFGBCEECB FCDDF GCCC w ͭ໨ͷQBSFOU͸IFBEଆ w ͭ໨͸NFSHFࢦఆଆ

·ͱΊ w ࡞ۀதͷϑΝΠϧ͸ͱʹ͔͘ίϛοτ͓ͯ͜͠͏ w Ұ౓ίϛοτͨ͠಺༰͸ɺSFTFUIBSEͨ͠Γϒ ϥϯνফͯ͠ݟ͑ͳ͘ͳͬͯ΋ࣦΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍ w ϒϥϯν͸ͨͩͷᐼ w ؾܰʹ࡞ͬͨΓফͨ͠Γ͠Α͏
w ίϛοτ͸ʢݪଇʣॻ͖׵͑ෆՄ w ৽͘͠࡞Γ௚͍ͯ͠ΔΘ͚ͳͷͰɺϦϞʔτͷଞͷ ࡞ۀऀͱಉظ͢Δͱ͖͸஫ҙ

͜ΕͰ΋͏ ෼͔Γ·ͨ͠ Ͷ

知っておいてほしいGitの本当の基礎 / Let's know Git

知っておいてほしいGitの本当の基礎 / Let's know Git

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