Symfony Introduction

Symfony Introduction

Transcript

1. Razvan Moldovan – Software developer Arobs Transilvania Software Introduction - part 1
2. PHP Sucks, But It Doesn't Matter Jeff Atwood ( )
3. Authors • Fabien Potencier (Original author) • SensioLabs • Symfony contributors
4. the one true framework ?! Symfony is the most popular PHP framework ?! Symfony is the best PHP framework ?!
5. Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmm ... I do not know what to say …
6. Projects using Symfony …… Symfony Components
7. Ex. : Laravel - Components used by this project • BrowserKit • Console • CssSelector • Debug • DomCrawler • EventDispatcher • Filesystem • Finder • HttpFoundation • HttpKernel • Process • PropertyAccess • Routing • Translation
8. Symfony Project stats +1,000 code contributors +150,000 Symfony developers +1,000,000 monthly downloads
9. History of Symfony • 1.0 - January 2007 • 1.1 - June 2008 • 1.2 - December 2008 • 1.3 - November 2009 • 1.4 - November 2009 • 2.0 - July 2011 • 2.1 - September 2012 • 2.2 - March 2013 • 2.3 - June 2013 • 2.4 - November 2013 • 2.5 - June 2014
10. What is Symfony “ Symfony is a set of PHP Components, a Web Application framework, a Philosophy, and a Community — all working together in harmony. “
11. Symfony 1 vs Symfony 2
12. forget the symfony1 … … get to symfony2
13. Symfony2 • Symfony2 is an open source PHP-based web application development framework • Based on the Model-View-Controller Design Pattern • It enhances reusability, productivity and maintainability by providing solutions to common web application software problems • The beauty of Symfony2 comes from the fact that it is totally customizable. Use what you need and throw out what you don’t need!
14. •Reusability •Maintainability •Productivity
16. The Symfony2 Components • HttpFoundation - Contains the Request and Response classes, as well as other classes for handling sessions and file uploads; • Routing - Powerful and fast routing system that allows you to map a specific URI (e.g. /contact) to some information about how that request should be handled (e.g. execute the contactAction() method); • Form - A full-featured and flexible framework for creating forms and handling form submissions; • Validator - A system for creating rules about data and then validating whether or not user-submitted data follows those rules; • ClassLoader - An autoloading library that allows PHP classes to be used without needing to manually require the files containing those classes; • Templating - A toolkit for rendering templates, handling template inheritance (i.e. a template is decorated with a layout) and performing other common template tasks; • Security - A powerful library for handling all types of security inside an application; • Translation - A framework for translating strings in your application. Each and every one of these components is decoupled and can be used in any PHP project …
17. “Create your own framework... on top of the Symfony2 Components” http://fabien.potencier.org/article/50/create-your-own-framework-on-top-of-the-symfony2-components-part-1
18. The Symfony Application Flow
19. The Symfony Application Flow
21. A Symfony Request in Action # app/config/routing.yml contact: path: /contact defaults: { _controller: AcmeDemoBundle:Main:contact } // src/Acme/DemoBundle/Controller/MainController.php namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Controller; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; class MainController { public function contactAction() { return new Response('<h1>Contact us!</h1>'); } }
22. A Symfony Request in Action # app/config/routing.yml hello: path: /hello/{firstName}/{lastName} defaults: { _controller: AcmeHelloBundle:Hello:index, color: green } public function indexAction($firstName, $lastName, $color) { // ... }
23. HTTP method of a request test_show: path: /test/{var} defaults: { _controller: DemoBundle:Test:show } methods: [GET] test_update: path: /test/{var} defaults: { _controller: DemoBundle:Test:update } methods: [PUT] test_delete: path: / test/{var} defaults: { _controller: DemoBundle:Test:delete } methods: [DELETE] test_post: path: /test/ defaults: { _controller: DemoBundle:Test:show } methods: [POST]
24. High-Level Architecture
25. Coding Standards • Symfony follows the standards defined in the PSR-0, PSR-1 and PSR-2 documents.
26. Coding Standards - Structure • Add a single space after each comma delimiter; • Add a single space around operators (==, &&, ...); • Add a comma after each array item in a multi-line array, even after the last one; • Add a blank line before return statements, unless the return is alone inside a statement-group • Declare class properties before methods; • Declare public methods first, then protected ones and finally private ones.
27. Coding Standards - Naming Conventions • Use camelCase, not underscores, for variable, function and method names, arguments; • Prefix abstract classes with Abstract. • Suffix interfaces with Interface; • Suffix traits with Trait; • Suffix exceptions with Exception;
28. Coding Standards - Service Naming Conventions • A service name contains groups, separated by dots • The DI alias of the bundle is the first group (e.g. fos_user); • Use lowercase letters for service and parameter names; • A group name uses the underscore notation
29. Directory Structure • app: the application configuration • src: the project's PHP code • vendor: the third-party dependencies • web: the web root directory
30. Bundles “A bundle is a directory that has a well-defined structure and can host anything from classes to controllers and web resources. “ A bundle is kind of like a plugin in other software… Everything is a bundle in Symfony… A group of files, assets, PHP classes and methods, tests, etc….. - generating a New Bundle Skeleton: php app/console generate:bundle
31. Bundles structure 2. MySite\SharedFeatures MySite\Site1Features MySite\Site2Features 1. MySite\MyCode N. or whatever you want …. . . . . . .
32. Bundle directory structure • Bundle system follows set of conventions to keep code consistent between all bundles Controller/ - contains the controllers of the bundle DependencyInjection/ - (this directory is not necessary) holds certain dependency injection extension classes Resource/config/ - contains configuration, including routing configurations Resource/views/ - holds templates organized by controller name Resource/public/ - contains web assets Tests/ - holds all tests fot the bundle
33. Bundle Inheritance to Override parts of a Bundle // src/Acme/UserBundle/AcmeUserBundle.php namespace Acme\UserBundle; use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Bundle\Bundle; class AcmeUserBundle extends Bundle { public function getParent() { return 'FOSUserBundle'; } }
34. Some Useful bundles • GearmanBundle - https://github.com/mrazvan92/GearmanBundle • SonataAdminBundle - https://github.com/sonataproject/SonataAdminBundle • CMFBundle - https://github.com/symfony-cmf/standard-edition • HWIOAuthBundle - https://github.com/hwi/HWIOAuthBundle • MonologBundle - https://github.com/symfony/MonologBundle • SphinxsearchBundle - https://github.com/timewasted/Search- SphinxsearchBundle • FOSRestBundleByExample - https://github.com/sdiaz/FOSRestBundleByExample • MemcacheBundle - https://github.com/tarjei/MemcacheBundle • RedisBundle - https://github.com/da-wen/PhpRedisBundle • SolrBundle - https://github.com/tapronto/SolrBundle
35. Coding With the Console… $ php app/console
36. Service Container A Service Container (or dependency injection container) is simply a PHP object that manages the instantiation of services (i.e. objects). $ php app/console container:debug - Show all services and the class for each service # app/config/config.yml services: my_mailer: class: Acme\TestBundle\Mailer class TestController extends Controller { public function sendEmailAction() { $mailer = $this->get('my_mailer'); $mailer->send(‘razvan.moldovan@arobs.com', ...); } }
37. Create a Console Command class ExampleCommand extends ContainerAwareCommand { protected function configure() { //name, description, argument } protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output) { //$this->getContainer() … $name = $input->getArgument('name'); $output->writeln($name); } } Run: php app/console bundle:test Razvan
38. Controller • A controller is a PHP function you create that takes information from the HTTP request and constructs and returns an HTTP response
39. Controller - Request & Response • $request->query->get('foo'); // GET • $request->request->get('bar'); // POST • $request->server->get('HTTP_HOST'); //server variables • $request->getPathInfo(); //gets the URI.
40. Controller - Session & Cookie • $session = $this->get('session'); • $session->get('foo'); • $session->set('foo','bar'); • $request->cookies->get('PHPSESSID'); //cookies
41. Controller - Flash messages • $this->get('session')->getFlashBag()->add('notice','message'); • {% for flashMessage in app.session.flashbag.get('notice') %} <div class="flash notice">{{ flashMessage }}</div> {% endfor %}
42. Controller - Simple JSON response in controller use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; // create a simple Response with a 200 status code (the default) $response = new Response('Hello '.$name, Response::HTTP_OK); // create a JSON-response with a 200 status code $response = new Response(json_encode(array('name' => $name))); $response->headers->set('Content-Type', 'application/json'); • $request->isXmlHttpRequest(); // is it an Ajax request? • $response->setStatusCode(500); // creates a Response object whose content is the rended template $response = $this->render(‘DemoBundle:Demo:index.html.twig’);
43. Controller - Simple JSON response in controller (JMS) $serializedEntity = $this->container->get('serializer')->serialize($entity, 'json'); return new Response($serializedEntity); • JMSSerializer - Library for (de-)serializing data of any complexity (supports XML, JSON, YAML) http://jmsyst.com/libs/serializer
44. Translations • translations can be created in several different formats: xliff, php, yml $translated = $this->get('translator')->trans('Symfony2 is great'); In controller In twig {% trans %}Symfony2 is great{% endtrans %}
45. Translations echo $translator->transChoice( '[-Inf, 0]There is nothing to delete|{1}Are you sure you want to delete this file| ]1,10[ %count% files will be deleted|[10,Inf] Are you sure you want to delete all files', $value, array('%count%' => $value) );
46. Doctrine $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager(); $repository = $this->getDoctrine()->getRepository('Bundle:Entity')
47. Validation - The Basics of Validation use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert; class Entity { /** * @Assert\NotBlank() * @Assert\MaxLenght (100) */ protected $name; } $entity= new Entity(); $validator = $this->get('validator'); $errors = $validator->validate($entity); var_dump($errors); {% for error in errors %} {{ error.message }} {% endfor %}
48. Validation - Custom Validation Constraint Creating Constraint class namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Validator\Constraints; use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint; class CustomConstraint extends Constraint { public $message = ‘error message'; } Creating the Validator namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Validator\Constraints; use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraint; use Symfony\Component\Validator\ConstraintValidator; class CustomValidator extends ConstraintValidator { public function validate($value, Constraint $constraint) { … } }
49. Forms - Simple Form use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert; class Demo { /** * @Assert\NotBlank() */ protected $name; //setter and getter }
50. Forms - Simple Form class DemoType extends AbstractType { public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options) { $builder->add('name'); } public function setDefaultOptions(OptionsResolverInterface $resolver) { $resolver->setDefaults(array( 'data_class' => ‘DemoBundle\Entity\Demo', // 'cascade_validation' => true, 'csrf_protection' => true, )); } public function getName() { return ‘demo'; } }
51. Forms - Adding an Event Listener to a Form Class class DemoType extends AbstractType { public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options) { $builder->add(‘name'); $builder->addEventListener(FormEvents::PRE_SET_DATA, function (FormEvent $event) { $data = $event->getData(); $form = $event->getForm(); // ... $form->add(‘surname’); }); } }
52. Forms - Adding an Event Listener to a Form Class class DemoType extends AbstractType { public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options) { $builder->add(‘name'); $builder->addEventSubscriber(new AddNameFieldSubscriber()); } }
53. Forms - Adding an Event Listener to a Form Class class AddNameFieldSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface { public static function getSubscribedEvents() { return array(FormEvents::PRE_SET_DATA => 'preSetData'); } public function preSetData(FormEvent $event) { $data = $event->getData(); $form = $event->getForm(); //…. } }
54. Security • Security is a two-step process whose goal is to prevent a user from accessing a resource that they should not have access to.
55. Security Check role • $this->get('security.context')->isGranted('ROLE_ADMIN') • $this->get('security.context')->isGranted(new Expression( ‘ "ROLE_ADMIN" in roles or (user and user.isSuperAdmin()) ' )) Retrieving the User Object • $user = $this->get('security.context')->getToken()->getUser(); • or $this->getUser(); Access Control in Templates • is_granted('ROLE_ADMIN')
56. Template • PHP template or Twig • Setup template engine: yml: templating:engines: ['twig', 'php'] annotation: @Template(engine="php")
57. Template - Twig • Twig defines three types of special syntax: • {{ ... }} - prints a variable • {% ... %} - a tag that controls the logic of the template (if, for etc) • {# ... #} – a comment • Caching {% for entry in blog_entries %} <h2>{{ entry.title }}</h2> <p>{{ entry.body }}</p> {% endfor %}
58. Template - Twig - Template Inheritance {# app/Resources/views/base.html.twig #} <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title> {% block title %}Test Application{% endblock %} </title> </head> <body> <div id="sidebar"> {% block sidebar %} <ul> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/blog">Blog</a></li> </ul> {% endblock %} </div> <div id="content"> {% block body %}{% endblock %} </div> </body> </html>
59. Template - Twig - Template Inheritance {# src/Acme/BlogBundle/Resources/views/Blog/index.html.twig #} {% extends '::base.html.twig' %} {% block title %}My cool blog posts{% endblock %} {% block body %} {% for entry in blog_entries %} <h2>{{ entry.title }}</h2> <p>{{ entry.body }}</p> {% endfor %} {% endblock %}
60. Template – Twig • {{ parent() }} - add to the contents of a parent block instead of completely overriding • {{ include() }} - include template in another template • {{ dump(var) }} - debug variables in a template Global variables: • app.security • app.user • app.request • app.request.get('foo') • app.request.request.get('foo') • app.session • app.environment • app.debug
61. Template – Twig - Embedding Controllers • {{ render(controller('Bundle:Controller:action', {‘var': var})) }}
62. Template – Twig - Linking to Pages _welcome: path: / defaults: { _controller: AcmeDemoBundle:Welcome:index } <a href="{{ path('_welcome') }}">Home</a> article_show: path: /article/{slug} defaults: { _controller: AcmeArticleBundle:Article:show } <a href="{{ path('article_show', {'slug': slug}) }}"> Link </a>
63. Template – Twig - Linking to Assets <img src="{{ asset('images/logo.png') }}" alt="Symfony!" /> <link href="{{ asset('css/blog.css') }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
64. Template – Syntax Checking • php app/console twig:lint src/Acme/ArticleBundle/Resources/views/Article/recentList.html.twig
65. Twig Extension // src/Acme/DemoBundle/Twig/AcmeExtension.php namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Twig; class AcmeExtension extends \Twig_Extension { public function getFilters() { return array(new \Twig_SimpleFilter('price', array($this, 'priceFilter')),); } public function priceFilter($number, $decimals = 0, $decPoint = '.', $thousandsSep = ',') { $price = number_format($number, $decimals, $decPoint, $thousandsSep); $price = '$'.$price; return $price; } public function getName() { return 'acme_extension'; } }
66. Twig Extension Register an Extension as a Service: # src/Acme/DemoBundle/Resources/config/services.yml services: acme.twig.acme_extension: class: Acme\DemoBundle\Twig\AcmeExtension tags:- { name: twig.extension } Using the custom Extension: {{ '5500'|price }} {{ '5500.25155'|price(4, ',', '') }}
67. Testing Component • Symfony2 integrates with the PHPUnit testing framework • All tests must be placed in the Tests/ directory of your project • The test directory will replicate the structure of your bundle’s directory
68. Testing Component – Unit test namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Utility; class Calculator { public function add($a, $b) { return $a + $b; } } The code of the tested controller method: namespace Acme\DemoBundle\Test\Utility; use Acme\DemoBundle\Utility\Calculator; class CalculatorTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_Test_Case { public function testAdd() { $calc = new Calculator(); $result = $calc->add(30, 12); $this->assertEquals(42, $result); } } The test code:
69. Testing Component – Functional test • PHPUnit provides the client and the crawler objects to help you out • The client simulates a browser by allowing the developer to make requests • The crawler is returned from a client request and allows traversal of the content of the reply • e.g. traverse HTML tags, select nodes, links and forms $buttonCrawlerNode = $crawler->selectButton(‘submit’); $form = $buttonCrawlerNode->form(); $form = $buttomCrawlerNode->form(array( ‘name’ => ‘Symfony’, ‘my_form[subject]’ => ‘Symfony rocks!’, )); $client->submit($form);
70. “Hello world!” in Symfony2 • http://localhost/app_dev.php/hello/Arobs • Create the Bundle: $ php app/console generate:bundle --namespace=Acme/HelloBundle --format=yml // app/AppKernel.php public function registerBundles() { $bundles = array( ..., new Acme\HelloBundle\AcmeHelloBundle(), ); // ... return $bundles; } • Create the Route: # app/config/routing.yml acme_hello: resource: "@AcmeHelloBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml" prefix: /
71. “Hello world!” in Symfony2 # src/Acme/HelloBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml hello: path: /hello/{name} defaults: { _controller: AcmeHelloBundle:Hello:index } • Create the Controller: // src/Acme/HelloBundle/Controller/HelloController.php namespace Acme\HelloBundle\Controller; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; class HelloController { public function indexAction($name) { return new Response('<html><body>Hello '.$name.'!</body></html>'); } }
72. Conclusion • Though Symfony2 is an MVC based framework, it allows for a great deal of reusability by means of its components • Symfony2 integrates with external components to provide common services. Examples include: • Twig for templating • PHPUnit for testing • Doctrine for database integrating • and many others … • Symfony2 is a full stack web framework
73. Thanks! http://twitter.com/moldo_razvan http://www.linkedin.com/pub/razvan-moldovan/28/864/6a0 razvan.moldovan@arobs.com