Going Reactive - An Architectural Journey

Initially held at GOTO Copenhagen 2015
http://gotocon.com/cph-2015/presentation/Going%20Reactive%20-%20An%20Android%20architectural%20journey

Ever since its inception in 2008, the Android platform has remained challenging to work with when building large, event driven applications in a consistent and reliable way. We've been among the earliest companies to embrace FRP as a vehicle to tackle some of the complexity arising as a direct result of that. In this talk I will give an overview of what our Android application architecture has evolved into, and how the use of RxJava for dealing with asynchronous streams of events has impacted its design, from data sources, to business logic and presentation

Transcript

1. Going Reactive

   An architectural journey
   

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3. Going Reactive

   An architectural journey
   Matthias Käppler

   October 2015
   

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4. commit 24c61b35754ff5ca153ce37c5886279153f0d16f
   Author: Matthias Kaeppler
   Date: Wed Mar 13 16:09:04 2013 +0100
   Throw RxJava into the mix!
   diff --git a/app/pom.xml b/app/pom.xml
   index 86ba988..1bf5109 100644
   --- a/app/pom.xml
   +++ b/app/pom.xml
   @@ -178,6 +178,11 @@
   +
   + com.netflix.rxjava
   + rxjava-core
   + 0.5.4
   +
   
   

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5. Journey Down

   The Stack
   

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6. Layered Architecture
   

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7. Featurized Architecture
   

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8. Featurized Layers
   

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9. The Sound Stream
   

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10. Layer Objects
    Rx
    Screen Presenter

    Life-cycle dispatch,

    view binding
    Feature Operations

    Business logic, data 

    wiring, scheduling
    Storage & API

    Network, database,

    flat files, syncer
    Rx[Android]
    

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11. Views
    class SoundStreamFragment extends LightCycleSupportFragment {
    @Inject @LightCycle SoundStreamPresenter presenter;
    public SoundStreamFragment() {
    setRetainInstance(true);
    ...
    }

    ...
    }
    

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12. LightCycle
    A
    C
    B
    onCreate
    LightCycle

    Dispatcher
    @LightCycle
    @LightCycle
    @LightCycle
    

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13. Presenters
    class SoundStreamPresenter extends RecyclerViewPresenter {
    ...

    @Override
    protected CollectionBinding onBuildBinding(Bundle args) {
    return CollectionBinding.from(

    streamOperations.initialStreamItems())
    .withAdapter(adapter)
    .withPager(streamOperations.pagingFunction())
    .build();
    }
    }
    

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14. Paging
    

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15. Paging
    p1
    p2
    p3
    *current
    *next
    p1
    onNext(p1)
    subscribe()

    / next()
    PublishSubject
    switchOnNext
    PagingFunction
    Pager
    

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16. Use Cases
    class SoundStreamOperations {
    Observable> initialStreamItems() {
    return loadFirstPageOfStream()
    .zipWith(

    facebookInvites.loadWithPictures(),

    prependFacebookInvites())
    .subscribeOn(scheduler);
    }
    ...
    }
    

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17. Feature Data
    class SoundStreamStorage {
    Observable streamItems(int limit) {
    Query query = Query.from(“SoundStreamTable”).limit(limit);
    return propellerRx.query(query).map(new StreamItemMapper()); 

    }
    ...
    }
    

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18. Cross-Feature
    Communication
    

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19. Cross-Screen Messaging
    updated!
    

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20. Screen-to-Screen Updates
    Rx Subject
    

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21. Screen-to-Screen Updates
    Observable toggleLike(Urn urn, 

    boolean addLike) {
    return storeLikeCommand.toObservable(urn, addLike)
    .map(toChangeSet(targetUrn, addLike))
    .doOnNext(publishChangeSet);
    }
    

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22. Screen-to-Screen Updates
    @Override
    public void call(PropertySet changeSet) {
    eventBus.publish(

    EventQueue.ENTITY_STATE_CHANGED, 

    EntityStateChangedEvent.fromLike(changeSet)

    );
    }
    publishChangeSet: Action1
    RxSubject in disguise!
    

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23. Screen-to-Screen Updates
    protected void onViewCreated(...) {
    eventBus.subscribe(

    EventQueue.ENTITY_STATE_CHANGED,

    new UpdateListSubscriber(adapter)
    );
    }
    SoundStreamPresenter
    

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24. Implementation

    Patterns
    

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25. Life-Cycle Subscriptions
    private CompositeSubscription viewLifeCycle;

    

    protected void onViewCreated(...) {

    viewLifeCycle = new CompositeSubscription();
    viewLifeCycle.add(...);
    ...

    }

    

    protected void onDestroyView() {

    viewLifeCycle.unsubscribe();

    }
    

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26. Fast Path & Lazy Updates
    Observable maybeCached() {
    return Observable.concat(cachedModel(), remoteModel()).first()
    }
    

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27. Observable Transformers
    Observable scheduledModel() {
    return Observable.create(...).compose(schedulingStrategy)
    }
    class HighPrioUiTask extends Transformer {
    public Observable call(Observable source) {
    return source

    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.HIGH_PRIO)

    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
    }
    }
    

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28. Observable intSequence() {
    return Observable.create((subscriber) -> {
    List ints = computeListOfInts();

    for (int n : ints) {

    subscriber.onNext(n);

    subscriber.onCompleted();
    }
    }
    Deferred Execution
    Observable intSequence() {
    return Observable.defer(() -> {
    return Observable.from(computeListOfInts());
    }
    }
    expensive!
    

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29. Common Pitfalls
    

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30. No-args subscribe
    Observable.create(...).subscribe(/* no-args */)
    OnErrorNotImplementedException
    

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31. ObserveOn: onError
    Observable.create((subscriber) -> {
    subscriber.onNext(value);
    subscriber.onError(new Exception());
    }.observeOn(mainThread()).subscribe(...)
    onError cuts ahead of onNext
    gets dropped!
    

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32. ObserveOn: Backpressure
    public void onStart() {
    request(RxRingBuffer.SIZE);
    }
    public void onNext(final T t) {
    ...
    if (!queue.offer(on.next(t))) {
    onError(new MissingBackpressureException());
    return;
    }
    schedule();
    }
    16!
    

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33. ObserveOn: Backpressure
    ★ Take load off of target thread˝
    ★ Use buffering operators (buffer, toList, …)˝
    ★ Use onBackpressure* operators˝
    ★ System.setProperty(“rx.ring-buffer.size”)
    

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34. Debugging
    

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35. Debugging Observables
    Observable.just(1, 2, 3)
    .map((n) -> {return Integer.toString(n);}
    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread());
    How do we debug this?
    

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36. Gandalf
    ★ Annotation based byte code injection

    ★ Based on Hugo 

    https://github.com/JakeWharton/hugo

    ★ AspectJ + Gradle plugin

    ★ @RxLogObservable, @RxLogSubscriber
    

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37. Gandalf
    @RxLogObservable
    Observable createObservable() {

    return Observable.just(1, 2, 3)
    .map((n) -> {return Integer.toString(n);}
    .observeOn(mainThread());
    }
    @RxLogSubscriber
    class StringSubscriber extends Subscriber {}
    

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38. Gandalf
    [@Observable :: @InClass -> MainActivity :: @Method 

    -> createObservable()]
    [@Observable#createObservable -> onSubscribe() :: 

    @SubscribeOn -> main]
    [@Observable#createObservable -> onNext() -> 1]
    [@Observable#createObservable -> onNext() -> 2]
    [@Observable#createObservable -> onNext() -> 3]
    [@Observable#createObservable -> onCompleted()]
    [@Observable#createObservable -> onTerminate() :: 

    @Emitted -> 3 elements :: @Time -> 4 ms]
    [@Observable#createObservable -> onUnsubscribe()]
    

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39. .
    soundcloud.com
    Berlin New York San Francisco London
    Stay in touch @mttkay
    

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