整理されたSwift言語仕様 - Swift 5.7 any/some

anyに巡りつくまでの経緯を探る必要がある。

Swift言語 激動の４年間
AppleがSwiftUI必要な仕様を無理やり言語仕様に通した

WWDC19 5.1
SwiftUI(some)
WWDC20 5.3
PropertyWrapper(Swift Attributes)
WWDC21
5.5 async/await/actor
WWDC22 5.7
any/some

傾向としては、WWDC22ではSwift言語仕様の整理の年といえる

Transcript

1. ೳొཁ !OPUPSPJE
   J1IPOFΞϓϦ։ൃऀ೥݄೔
   ੔ཧ͞Εͨ4XJGUݴޠ࢓༷
   4XJGU
   

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2. ࿩͢಺༰
   w 4XJGUͰ੔ཧ͞Εͨจ๏
   w ੔ཧʹࢸΔ·Ͱͷ4XJGUݴޠ
   

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3. ࿩͞ͳ͍಺༰
   w TPNFͷৄࡉ
   w ଞͷ௥Ճ࢓༷ 4XJGUDPODVSSFODZ
   
   

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4. ͓୊໨
   w 88%$ऴྃ͠·ͨ͠
   w 4XJGUݴޠͷܦҢ
   w ·ͱΊ
   

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5. 88%$ऴྃ͠·ͨ͠
   

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6. 88%$ॾʑ৽ػೳ΍ػೳͷϦχϡʔΞϧ͕ਐΉ
   w /FX
   w 4XJGU$IBSU
   w 8FBUIFS,JU
   w 6*$BMFOEBS7JFX
   w 3FOFXBM
   w 6*1BTUF$POUSPM
   w 6*&EJU.FOV*OUFSBDUJPO IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNOPCJTUBUVTQIPUP
   

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7. (PPEOFXT
   

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8. 4XJGUݴޠͷ࢓༷͕௥Ճ
   هड़ํ๏͕੔ཧ͞Ε·ͨ͠
   

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9. 4XJGUͷ࢓༷௥Ճ
   w 4XJGUHFOFSJD
   w ϝιουʹ౉͢Ҿ਺΍໭Γ஋ͷQSPSPDPMࢦఆํ๏͕؆ܿʹͳΓ·ͨ͠
   w ؆ܿʹهड़͢ΔͨΊʹBOZ͕ಋೖ͞Ε·ͨ͠
   w େจࣈͷ"OZ 0CKFDUJWF$ͷJE
   ͱ͸ҟͳΔ
   

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10. // લఏ
    
    
    protocol FooProtocol { }
    
    
    struct ImplementFoo: FooProtocol{ }
    
    
    struct AnotherFoo: FooProtocol{ }
    4XJGUͷ࢓༷௥Ճ
    func fooFunc(_ object: T) {
    
    
    
    
    }
    
    
    func fooFunc(_ object: any FooProtocol) {
    
    
    
    
    }
    ˡQSPUPDPM
    ˡQSPUPDPMΛ࣮૷͢ΔTUSVDU
    ෆཁʹ ෆཁʹ
    4XJGUʙ
    4XJGUʙ
    

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11. // લఏ
    
    
    protocol FooProtocol { }
    
    
    struct ImplementFoo: FooProtocol{ }
    
    
    struct AnotherFoo: FooProtocol{ }
    4XJGUͷ࢓༷௥Ճ
    struct Sample {
    
    
    func fooMethod(_ object: T) {
    
    
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    struct Sample2 {
    
    
    func fooMethod(_ object: any FooProtocol) {
    
    
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    ˡQSPUPDPM
    ˡQSPUPDPMΛ࣮૷͢ΔTUSVDU
    ෆཁʹ ෆཁʹ
    4XJGUʙ
    4XJGUʙ
    

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12. γϯϓϧʹͳͬͯྑ͔ͬͨͶʂ
    

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13. Ҏ্ʂ
    

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14. ͦΜͳΘ͚͸ͳ͘
    

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15. BOZʹ८Γͭ͘·ͰͷܦҢΛ
    ୳Δඞཁ͕͋Δ
    

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16. 4XJGUݴޠͷBOZಋೖ·ͰͷܦҢ
    

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17. ·ͣ͸88%$ͷ
    ηογϣϯ঺հ
    

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18. 88%$4XJGUؔ࿈ॏཁηογϣϯ
    w &NCSBDF4XJGUHFOFSJDT88%$7JEFPT"QQMF%FWFMPQFS
    w IUUQTEFWFMPQFSBQQMFDPNWJEFPTQMBZXXED
    w %FTJHOQSPUPDPMJOUFSGBDFTJO4XJGU88%$7JEFPT"QQMF
    %FWFMPQFS
    w IUUQTEFWFMPQFSBQQMFDPNWJEFPTQMBZXXED
    88%$ 88%$
    

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19. 4XJGUݴޠܹಈͷ̐೥ؒ
    

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20. 4XJGUݴޠܹಈͷ̐೥ؒ
    "QQMF͕4XJGU6*ඞཁͳ࢓༷Λແཧ΍Γݴޠ࢓༷ʹ௨ͨ͠
    w 88%$
    w 4XJGU6* TPNF
    
    w 88%$
    w 1SPQFSUZ8SBQQFS 4XJGU"UUSJCVUFT
    
    w 88%$
    w BTZODBXBJUBDUPS
    w 88%$
    w BOZTPNF
    ܏޲ͱͯ͠͸ɺ
    88%$Ͱ͸4XJGUݴޠ
    ࢓༷ͷ੔ཧͷ೥ͱ͍͑Δ
    

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21. 4XJGUݴޠܹಈͷ̐೥ؒ
    4XJGU͸ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ։ൃऀ޲͚ʹ࡞ͬͨݴޠ
    w ΞϓϦ։ൃऀίϛϡχςΟ͸0CKFDUJWF$Λஔ͖׵͑Δݴޠͱͯ͠4XJGUΛ޷
    ҙతʹܴ͑ೖΕͨ
    w 4XJGUެ։ޙఆ൪αʔυύʔςΟϥΠϒϥϦ 3Y4XJGU "MBNP
    fi
    SF
    ͕࡞ΒΕͨ
    w 88%$͔ΒৼΓฦΔͱ
    w 0CKFDUJWF$Λஔ͖׵͑Δͷ͸খ͞ͳ͜ͱ
    w 4XJGU6*΍"QQ*OUFOUTɺ8JEHFU,JUͱ͍ͬͨ໺৺తͳػೳΛ࠷ॳ͔Βߟ͑
    ͍ͯͨ
    

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22. 4XJGUݴޠ͕ରԠ͖ͯͨ͠՝୊
    

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23. 4XJGUݴޠ͕ରԠ͖ͯͨ͠՝୊
    ୡ੒ॱͰιʔτ
    σʔλແޮ OJM
    ݕ஌ͷపఈ
    w HVBSE
    աڈࢿ࢈ GSBNFXPSL
    ͷ׆༻
    w"OZ !PCK "OZ0CKFDU
    Ϗϧυ࣌ʹΑΔݫີͳܕνΣοΫػߏ
    wݴޠ࢓༷
    ۩ମతͳ࣮૷Λԡ͠ࠐΈ PSӅṭ͢Δ
    
    w1SPQFSUZ8SBQQFS HFOFSJD
    

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24. 4XJGUݴޠ͕ରԠ͖ͯͨ͠՝୊
    ୡ੒ॱͰιʔτ
    σʔλແޮ OJM
    ݕ஌ͷపఈ
    w HVBSE
    աڈࢿ࢈ GSBNFXPSL
    ͷ׆༻
    w"OZ !PCK "OZ0CKFDU
    Ϗϧυ࣌ʹΑΔݫີͳܕνΣοΫػߏ
    wݴޠ࢓༷
    ۩ମతͳ࣮૷Λԡ͠ࠐΈ PSӅṭ͢Δ
    
    w1SPQFSUZ8SBQQFS HFOFSJD
    4XJGU΁ͷ࢓༷௥Ճ͸ɺ
    Ҏલ
    

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25. ೥͔Β͸"QQMF༏ઌ
    Ͱ࢓༷͕Ͷ͡ࠐ·ΕΔ
    ΞϓϦ։ൃऀ͕ࢥ͍ඳ͍ͨ
    Ϟμϯͳݴޠ4XJGU͔Β
    "QQMF͕΍Γ͍ͨࣄΛ࣮ݱ
    ͢Δઌฌͱͳͬͨײ͕͋Δ
    

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26. 4XJGUHFOFSJDT
    

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27. 4XJGUHFOFSJDT
    w "QQMF͕Ӡ͏ʹ
    w 4XJGUͰந৅తͳίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷجຊతͳπʔϧ
    w ίʔυ͕ਐԽ͢ΔʹͭΕͯෳࡶ͞Λ؅ཧ͢ΔͨΊʹෆՄܽ
    w ந৅Խ
    w ΞΠσΞΛಛఆͷৄࡉ͔Β෼཭͢Δ
    

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28. ۩ମྫ4XJGUHFOFSJDT
    

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29. ۩ମྫ4XJGUHFOFSJDTᶃ
    4XJGUͷ.BUIBCT
    ˡઈର஋ΛಘΔ
    @inlinable public func abs(_ x: T) -> T where T : Comparable, T :
    SignedNumeric
    ઈର஋Λม͑Δͱ͍͏zΞΠσΞz
    ఆٛΛݟͯΈΔͱɺ۩ମతͳܕ͸໌ࣔ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍
    ΞΠσΞΛಛఆͷৄࡉ͔Β෼཭͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͍͑Δ
    

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30. ۩ମྫ4XJGUHFOFSJDTᶄ
    4XJGUͷ.BUIBCT
    ˡઈର஋ΛಘΔ
    @inlinable public func Add(_ x1: T, _ x2: T) -> T where T :
    Comparable, T : SignedNumeric {
    
    
    x1 + x2
    
    
    }
    
    
    let value1 = 11.0
    
    
    let value2 = 3.0
    
    
    let result = Add( abs(value1), value2)
    
    
    print("result=\(result)")
    ந৅Խ͞Εͨίʔυಉ࢜͸Ҿ਺ͱ໭Γ஋Ͱܕਪ࿦͞ΕΔ
    "TCͷ໭Γ஋͕ɺ"EEͷ
    Ҿ਺ͷܕΛܾఆ ܕਪ࿦
    
    

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31. ۩ମྫ4XJGUHFOFSJDTᶅ
    ࣮ࡍʹ࢖༻͢Δࡍʹ͸՝୊͕ग़ͯ͘Δ
    parameter
    result
    parameter
    result
    result
    @inlinable public func Add(_ x1: T, _
    x2: T) -> T where T : Comparable, T :
    SignedNumeric {
    
    
    x1 + x2
    
    
    }
    
    
    let value1 = 11.0
    
    
    let value2 = 3.0
    
    
    let result = Add( abs(value1), value2)
    
    
    print("result=\(result)")
    γϯϓϧͳྫͰ͸໰୊ͳ͍ɻ
    

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32. ۩ମྫ4XJGUHFOFSJDTᶆ
    ࣮ࡍʹ࢖༻͢Δࡍʹ͸՝୊͕ग़ͯ͘Δ
    parameter
    result
    parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter
    result result result result result result
    ܕ5
    ܕ5Λ࢖
    ͏ผܕ
    ܕ5Λ࢖͏ผܕΛ
    ࢖͏ผܕ
    ܕ5Λ࢖͏ผܕΛ࢖͏ผܕ
    Λ࢖͏ผܕ
    4XJGU6*ɺ$PNCJOFɺ3Y4XJGUͳͲ
    Ͱ͸ܕΛ࢖ͬͨผܕʹม׵ଟ਺
    

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33. ۩ମྫ4XJGUHFOFSJDTᶇ
    ࣮ࡍʹ࢖༻͢Δࡍʹ͸՝୊͕ग़ͯ͘Δ
    parameter
    result
    parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter
    result result result result result result
    􀫥
    ܕਪ࿦࣍ୈͰ ओʹQSPUPDPM
    ɺ
    ίϯύΠϧ࣌ͷܭࢉ͕രൃతʹ૿͑Δ
    ˞4XJGUͷ࢓্༷ճආͰ͖ͳ͍
    

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34. TPNFͷొ৔
    4XJGU6*ͱڞʹ௥Ճ͞Εͨ4JXGUݴޠͷ࢓༷
    w HFOFSJDT࢖༻࣌ʹҾ਺΍໭Γ஋ʹରͯ͠෇Ճ͢Δ΋ͷ
    w ෇ՃͰ͖Δͷ͸Ҿ਺ɺ໭Γ஋͸Կ͔͠ΒͷQSPUPDPMܕ
    w QSPUPDPMܕΛҾ਺΍ม਺ͱͯ͠࢖͏ͱίετ͕ߴ͍ͨΊͷճආࡦ
    w Ϗϧυ࣌ʹԆʑͱ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ
    w ࣮ߦ࣌ʹ΋Өڹେ͖͍ Β͍͠
    
    

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35. ͳͥBOZ͕88%$Ͱొ৔
    w TPNFͷରͱͳΔݴޠ࢓༷͕ඞཁ͕ͩͬͨ4XJGU6*ൃද࣌͸TPNFΛ༏ઌ
    w 88%$ͷࡍ͸BTZODBXBJUBDUPSͰखҰഋ
    w 88%$Ͱ͸༨༟͕͋ͬͨ
    ͷͰ௥Ճ
    

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36. ·ͱΊ
    

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37. ·ͱΊ
    w 4XJGU6*ʹؒʹ߹ΘͤΔͨΊʹࠞཚ͍ͯͨ͠4XJGUݴޠ࢓༷͕੔ཧ͞Ε·ͨ͠
    w ೥ͷ4XJGU6*ެ։Ҏ߱ɺ৽ػೳͱ੔ཧύλʔϯ͕ݟड͚ΒΕ·͢
    w 4XJGUͷQSPUPUZQFͷ࢓༷ͱੑೳվળΛՌͨͨ͢ΊTPNF͕ඞཁͰͨ͠
    w TPNFͱର ͍ͭ
    ͱͳΔܗͰBOZ͕௥Ճ͞Ε·ͨ͠
    

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38. J045FDI#MPHߋ৽த
    w4XJDU6*Λ࢖ͬͯ̍̌̌ߦͰαϯϓϧίʔυΛॻ͘
    4XJGUߦγϦʔζଞ"QQMF։ൃؔ܎ͷهࣄΛܝࡌத
    Ͱ͢ɻ
    JSJNBTVDPN
    OPUFDPNOPUPSPJE
    wʹ΋هࡌதͰ͢ɻ
    

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39. ࢀߟ
    w &NCSBDF4XJGUHFOFSJDT88%$7JEFPT"QQMF%FWFMPQFS
    w IUUQTEFWFMPQFSBQQMFDPNWJEFPTQMBZXXED
    w %FTJHOQSPUPDPMJOUFSGBDFTJO4XJGU88%$7JEFPT"QQMF%FWFMPQFS
    w IUUQTEFWFMPQFSBQQMFDPNWJEFPTQMBZXXED
    w 4XJGUʹಋೖ͞ΕΔ0QBRVF3FTVMU5ZQFͱ͸Կ͔2JJUB
    w IUUQTRJJUBDPNLPIFSJUFNTEGEDFG
    w <ϓϨθϯࢿྉ> "QQMF͕
    ΍Γ͍ͨ์୊4XJGU"UUSJCVUFT
    w IUUQTJSJNBTVDPNBQQMFTXJGUBUUSJCVUFT
    

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