Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
[Crypto in CTF] LFSR
Search
Sponsored
·
SiteGround - Reliable hosting with speed, security, and support you can count on.
→
oalieno
October 31, 2020
Technology
530
0
Share
Embed
Copy iframe code
Copy JS code
Copy link
Start on current slide
[Crypto in CTF] LFSR
https://github.com/oalieno/Crypto-Course/tree/master/LFSR
oalieno
October 31, 2020
More Decks by oalieno
See All by oalieno
[Crypto in CTF] Classical Cipher
oalieno
0
480
[Crypto in CTF] Block Cipher Mode
oalieno
0
1.1k
[Crypto in CTF] HASH
oalieno
0
300
[Crypto in CTF] RSA
oalieno
0
760
[Crypto in CTF] Bleichenbacher RSA Signature Forgery
oalieno
0
630
[Crypto in CTF] Blockchain Security
oalieno
0
430
滲透測試基本技巧與經驗分享
oalieno
2
1.2k
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
Android の公式 Skill / Android skills
yanzm
0
110
新規事業を牽引する技術選定 〜フルスタックTypeScript開発の実践事例〜
nullnull
3
380
個人最適 から 全体最適 へ AI情報共有会・AIギルド・AI-DLC で進める カンリーの組織展開
rfdnxbro
0
2.2k
スキルと MCP ツール、責務をどう分けるか? AI が迷わないインターフェース設計の戦略
cdataj
1
890
JSAI2026 オーガナイズドセッションOS-27「不動産とAI」趣旨説明 / JSAI2026 Organized Session OS-27 “Real Estate and AI”: Statement of Purpose
ykiyota
0
190
AGENTS.mdとSkillsで始めるAIエージェント活用
sonoda_mj
2
190
Rancherの紹介&Update情報(RancherJP Online Meetup #09)
yoshiyuki_kono
0
150
ポケモンの型をTypeScriptの型システムで表現してみた
subroh0508
0
360
就職⽀援サービスにおけるキャリアアドバイザーのシフトスケジューリング
recruitengineers
PRO
1
130
AAIFに入ってみた ~内から見えるコミュニティ動向~
sato4
0
130
Oracle AI Database@AWS:サービス概要のご紹介
oracle4engineer
PRO
4
2.9k
実装は速くなった、レビューはどうする? ― 自身のレビューをAIで再現させるサーヴァントエンジニアリングのすゝめ / Implementation got faster. So what about reviews? — An invitation to Servant Engineering: Recreating your own code reviews with AI
nrslib
8
4.5k
Featured
See All Featured
The Director’s Chair: Orchestrating AI for Truly Effective Learning
tmiket
1
190
Building a A Zero-Code AI SEO Workflow
portentint
PRO
0
570
Producing Creativity
orderedlist
PRO
348
40k
Digital Ethics as a Driver of Design Innovation
axbom
PRO
1
310
JavaScript: Past, Present, and Future - NDC Porto 2020
reverentgeek
52
6k
Technical Leadership for Architectural Decision Making
baasie
3
400
How Software Deployment tools have changed in the past 20 years
geshan
0
34k
Primal Persuasion: How to Engage the Brain for Learning That Lasts
tmiket
0
360
Cheating the UX When There Is Nothing More to Optimize - PixelPioneers
stephaniewalter
287
14k
What’s in a name? Adding method to the madness
productmarketing
PRO
24
4.1k
Mobile First: as difficult as doing things right
swwweet
225
10k
How to optimise 3,500 product descriptions for ecommerce in one day using ChatGPT
katarinadahlin
PRO
1
3.6k
Transcript
LFSR oalieno
⼩例⼦ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ 0 1 1
0 0 1
⼩例⼦ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ 0 1 1
1 0 0 0
⼩例⼦ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
⼩例⼦ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
⼩例⼦ clk FF2 FF1 FF0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 2 1 0 1 3 1 1 0 4 1 1 1 5 0 1 1 6 0 0 1 7 1 0 0 7 個 clock ⼀個循環
從數學的觀點 s2 ⊕ s1 s0 ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗
p2 p1 p0 • 初始值 • 回饋係數 • 轉移⽅程 s0 , s1 , s2 p0 , p1 , p2 si ≡ pi−1 si−1 + pi−2 si−2 + pi−3 si−3 mod 2
從數學的觀點 • 初始值 • 回饋係數 • 轉移⽅程 s0 , s1
, ⋯, sm−1 p0 , p1 , ⋯, pm−1 si ≡ pi−1 si−1 + pi−2 si−2 + ⋯ + pi−m si−m mod 2 sm ≡ pm−1 sm−1 + pm−2 sm−2 + ⋯ + p0 s0 mod 2 sm+1 ≡ pm−1 sm + pm−2 sm−1 + ⋯ + p0 s1 mod 2 ⋮
使⽤ LFSR 作為 Stream Cipher • 把 LFSR 產⽣的輸出當作 key,拿去做
xor cipher ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ⊕ 0 0 1 密鑰 明⽂ 密⽂
Known Plaintext Attack • 攻擊者不知道黃⾊的部分 • 攻擊者知道了⼀⼩部分明⽂以及對應的密⽂,可推出⼀些 LFSR 的輸出 ⊕
⊗ ⊕ ⊗ ⊕ ⊗ 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ⊕ 0 0 1 密鑰 明⽂ 密⽂
解聯立⽅程式 • 只要知道 2n 個 bits 的輸出,攻擊者就可以算出回饋係數 • 比如知道 ,那下⾯式⼦只會有
三個未知數 • 簡單的⾼斯消去法即可求解 ( 不⼀定有唯⼀解,也不⼀定最短 ) s0 , s1 , ⋯, s5 p0 , p1 , p2 s3 ≡ p2 s2 + p1 s1 + p0 s0 mod 2 s4 ≡ p2 s3 + p1 s2 + p0 s1 mod 2 s5 ≡ p2 s4 + p1 s3 + p0 s2 mod 2
Berlekamp Massey Algorithm • 先介紹 Linear Recurrence • 在 mod
13 下,[ 1, 2, 3, 2, 12 ] 符合 linear recurrence relation [ 7, 3, 1 ] • • 1 ⋅ 1 + 2 ⋅ 3 + 3 ⋅ 7 ≡ 2 mod 13 2 ⋅ 1 + 3 ⋅ 3 + 2 ⋅ 7 ≡ 12 mod 13 Sequence satisfy a linear recurrence relation iff a0 , a1 , ⋯ p1 , p2 , ⋯, pm ∀i ≥ m, ai = m ∑ j=1 ai−j pj
Berlekamp Massey Algorithm • 這個演算法可以找到最短的 Linear Recurrence Relation • 也可以⽤
Polynomial 來表⽰這個 Relation • Relation [ 7, 3, 1 ] 就會是 x3 − 7x2 − 3x − 1
Berlekamp Massey Algorithm from sage.matrix.berlekamp_massey import berlekamp_massey berlekamp_massey([GF(7)(1), 5, 1,
5]) x^2 + 6 sagemath output
Mixed LFSR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivium_(cipher) • 既然⼀個 LFSR 很容易被預測,那就兩個 LFSR • 兩個不⾏,就三個,於是就有了
Trivium
Correlation Attack • 那⾃⼰來簡單的組合⼀組 LFSR 來試試 class MYLFSR: def getbit(self):
x1 = LFSR1.getbit() x2 = LFSR2.getbit() x3 = LFSR3.getbit() return (x1 & x2) ^ ((not x1) & x3)
Correlation Attack x1 x2 x3 輸出 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 75% of x3 = 輸出
Correlation Attack x1 x2 x3 輸出 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 75% of x2 = 輸出
Correlation Attack • 假設回饋係數是已知的 • 要找回三個 LFSR 的初始值最簡單的做法就是暴搜全部可能 • 假設⼀個
LFSR 有的初始值有 32 bits 那就要爆搜 96 bits • 其實可以單獨暴搜 LFSR3,根據暴搜的初始值產出的 x3 去跟輸出比對, 相同的比例有⼤約 75% 的話,就很有可能是真正的初始值 • 同理 LFSR2 也可以這樣做,最後只剩下 LFSR3 就直接暴 • 從要暴搜 296 變成暴搜 3 232 ×
Fast Correlation Attack • 有沒有比暴搜更好的做法,有 • Fast Correlation Attacks: Methods
and Countermeasures • A Fast Correlation Attack Implementation