모던 테라폼 (Modern Terraform)

Byungjin Park ·  posquit0.com ·  posquit0
Copyright © 2023 All Rights Reserved.
Modern Terraform

ݽ؍ పۄಬ
߅ ߽૓ (Byungjin Park) · ௿۽٘ (Claud) · Site Reliability Engineer @ ׼Ӕಕ੉
 HUG Seoul
📅 April 11, 2023

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speaker
ߊ಴੗ ࣗѐ
߅߽૓ / @posquit0 / ௿۽٘ (Claud)
(അ) Site Reliability Engineer @ ׼Ӕಕ੉

(੹) Director of Infrastructure Division @ ஠ࢎ௏ܻই

(੹) Software Architect @ ১פযझ
 
(੹) Co-founder & Software Engineer @ ஠೒ۖ
HashiCorp Ambassador / AWS Community Builder
 
Ҵઁ೧ఊ؀ഥ DEFCON CTF ࠄࢶ 6ഥ ૓୹

ೞद௏೐ ೠҴ ࢎਊ੗ ݽ੐ ਍৔

ೠҴ੄ য়೑ࣗझ ઺ GitHub 18,000ѐ ੉࢚੄ झఋܳ ߉਷ ೐۽ં౟

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intro

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2021֙ 6ਘ,

хѺ੄ ࣽрਸ ৈ۞࠙ب ӝরೞदաਃ?

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🤩

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ݾର
intro
v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
v1.5 ޷ܻࠁӝ
୭न য়೑ࣗझ بҳ ࣗѐ

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ߊ಴ ؀࢚
intro
పۄಬ بҳ৬ ӝࠄ ޙߨী ؀೧ ੉೧ೞҊ ੓׮.
ࠄ ߊ಴ח ӝࠄ੸ੋ పۄಬ بҳ৬ ޙߨਸ ੉೧ೞҊ ੓ח పۄಬ ࢎਊ੗ܳ ؀࢚ਵ۽ ೤פ׮.

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ޙߨ] moved ࠶۾ਸ ੉ਊೠ ܻಂష݂
పۄಬ ௏٘੄ ୭࢚ਤ ۨ߰ী ੿੄ೞח नӏ ࠶۾ਵ۽, ௏٘ ܻಂష݂ী ٮܲ పۄಬ ࢚క
 
߸҃ ࢎ೦ਸ ݺद੸(expilcitly)ਵ۽ ೧Ѿೞӝ ਤೠ ӝמ

from җ to ف о૑ ੋ੗ ч(arguments)ਸ ੿੄ೞৈ ࢎਊ

- from: ௏٘ ߸҃ ੹ ܻࣗझ੄ పۄಬ ࢚క ҃۽

- to: ௏٘ ߸҃ റ ܻࣗझ੄ పۄಬ ࢚క ҃۽
moved ࠶۾
ܾܻૉ ߡ੹: Terraform v1.1
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/modules/develop/refactoring
పۄಬ ݽٕ ੘ࢿ੗ ੑ੢ীࢲח ݽٕ ߸҃ࢎ೦ী ٮܲ పۄಬ ࢚క ݃੉Ӓۨ੉࣌ਸ ੗زച оמ
 
(ݽٕ ࢎਊ੗о ૒੽ terraform state mv ݺ۸যܳ प೯ೞ૑ ঋইب ߈৔)

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #1. ܻࣗझ ੉ܴ ߸҃
Before
After

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #1. ܻࣗझ ੉ܴ ߸҃
After

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #2. count / for_each ߸҃ࢎ೦ ੸ਊ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #3. ݽٕ ഐ୹ ߸҃ࢎ೦ ੸ਊ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
పۄಬ ݽٕ ੘ࢿ द moved ࠶۾ ҙܻ ੹ۚ
ੌ߈ పۄಬ ݽٕ ౵ੌ ҳࢿ moved ࠶۾ ҙܻ ౵ੌ ҳࢿ
- ೞա੄ ౵ੌীࢲ ݽٚ moved ࠶۾ ҙܻ (migrations.tf ഑਷ moves.tf ١)

- moved ࠶۾਷ ૑਋૑ ݈Ҋ ૑ࣘ ҙܻೡ Ѫ

- ৈ۞ ࢎਊ੗ܳ ࠁਬೠ ݽٕ੉ۄݶ ౠ൤ ؊ ઺ਃ

- ઱ࢳਸ ࢎਊೞৈ զ૞ ߂ ܻಂష݂ ҙ۲ рױೠ ࢸݺ ੘ࢿ

- Git җ э਷ VCS۽ ഛੋೞח Ѫب ߑߨ

- ೞ૑݅ ࢎਊ੗ ੽Ӕࢿ ѐࢶ ೙ਃ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[ӝמ ѐࢶ] count ২࣌ ࢸ੿ী ٮܲ పۄಬ ࢚క ੌࠗ ੗ز ݃੉Ӓۨ੉࣌
ױੌ ܻࣗझ ੿੄ীࢲ count ӝ߈ ׮઺ ܻࣗझ ੿੄۽ ߸҃ೠ ҃਋ ӝઓ ܻࣗझ ࢚క ੗ز ݃੉Ӓۨ੉࣌

count ӝ߈ ׮઺ ܻࣗझ ੿੄ীࢲ ױੌ ܻࣗझ ੿੄۽ ߸҃ೠ ҃਋ ੋؙझ 0 ੄ ୐ ߣ૩ ܻࣗझ ࢚క ੗ز ݃੉Ӓۨ੉࣌
count ч ഝࢿച / ࠺ഝࢿചী ٮܲ ୐ ߣ૩ ܻࣗझ ੗ز ݃੉Ӓۨ੉࣌
https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform/pull/29605
count ղ ઺р ܻࣗझ ୶о/࢏ઁ۽ ੋೠ ࣽࢲ ߸҃਷ ই૒ ޷૑ਗ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[ӝמ ѐࢶ] count ӝמ ੉ਊ द పۄಬ ࢚క ੗ز ݃੉Ӓۨ੉࣌ ૑ਗ
Example #1. ױੌ ܻࣗझ ੿੄ীࢲ count ׮઺ ܻࣗझ ੿੄۽ ߸҃
Before After Result

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ޙߨ] terraform ࠶۾ ղ పۄಬ ௿ۄ਋٘ ࢸ੿
పۄಬ ௿ۄ਋٘ ഑਷ పۄಬ ূఠ೐ۄ੉ૉ ੉ਊ द ؊ ӟ޻ೠ ా೤ਸ ਤೠ ࢸ੿
 
ӝઓ backend “remote” ࠶۾ਸ ؀नೞৈ ࢎਊೞӝܳ ӂ੢

ਕ௼झಕ੉झ੄ tags ӝמਸ ഝਊೞৈ కӒ ӝ߈ ਕ௼झಕ੉झ ࢶఖ оמ
terraform ࠶۾ ղ cloud ೞਤ ࠶۾
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/settings/terraform-cloud
ӝઓ backend “remote” ࠶۾੄ workspaces.pre
fi
x ӝמ਷ ૑ਗغ૑ ঋ਺

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ޙߨ] variable ੿੄ द nullable ২࣌ ૑ਗ
పۄಬ ੑ۱ ߸ࣻо null чਸ о૕ ࣻ ੓ח ૑ܳ Ѿ੿ೞח ࣘࢿ

null чਸ ೲਊೞ૑ ঋب۾ ࢸ੿ೞৈ ؘ੉ఠ ਬബࢿ Ѩࢎ(Validation) ۽૒ਸ ױࣽചೡ ࣻ ੓਺
variable ࠶۾ ղ nullable नӏ ࣘࢿ ୶о
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/values/variables#disallowing-null-input-values
nullable = false ੋ ࢚కীࢲ default чਸ ੿੄ೠ ҃਋, ࢎਊ੗о ೧׼ ੑ۱ ߸ࣻী null ਸ ੑ۱ೞݶ ੗زਵ۽ default ч ࢎਊ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #1. ؘ੉ఠ ਬബࢿ Ѩૐ ۽૒ ױࣽച
After
Before

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #2. null ч ੹׳ द ӝࠄ ч ੸ਊ
Module Workspace

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ޙߨ] precondition & postcondition ਸ ੉ਊೠ ؘ੉ఠ Ѩૐ
ܻࣗझ / ؘ੉ఠ ࣗझ / ইਓು੄ ࢤࢿ ੹੉ա റী ࢚కܳ ѨૐೞҊ, Ѩૐী पಁೠ
 
҃਋ ࢎਊ੗ ੿੄ য়ܨ ݫद૑ܳ ୹۱ റ प೯ਸ ઺ױೞח ӝמ
 
resource / data ࠶۾਷ lifecycle ೞਤী precondition / postcondition ࢸ੿

output ࠶۾਷ precondition ࢸ੿݅ ૑ਗ

resource / data / output ࠶۾ ղ नӏ ؘ੉ఠ Ѩૐ ۽૒ ઁҕ
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/expressions/custom-conditions#preconditions-and-postconditions
precondition: ࢸ੿җ ࢚క чী ؀ೠ ӝ؀(expection) ഑਷ о੿(assumption)ਸ ੿੄
 
postcondition: Ѿҗী ؀ೠ ࠁ੢(guarantee) ഑਷ ઱੢(assertion)ਸ ੿੄

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Plan ױ҅ী ݽٚ чਸ ঌ ࣻ ੓ӝ ٸޙী Plan ױ҅ীࢲ ૊द Ѩૐ ࣻ೯

ੑ۱ ߸ࣻ (Variable) ੄ Validation
పۄಬ੄ ࢎਊ੗ ੿੄ ؘ੉ఠ Ѩૐ ੹ۚ (Terraform Condition Check Strategy)
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/expressions/custom-conditions#conditions-checked-only-during-apply
Known After Apply ੄ ҃਋, postcondition पಁ द apply о ઺рী ઺ױغ૑݅ ੉੹ ੘স੉ ܀ߔغ૑ ঋ਺ী ઱੄ ೙ਃ
As Early As Possible !!
Ѩૐী ࢎਊೡ ؘ੉ఠ чਸ ঌѱ غח द੼ী ٮۄ ҳ࠙

- Apply ੹ чਸ ঌ ࣻ ੓ח ҃਋ (Known Before Apply): Plan ױ҅ীࢲ ࣻ೯

- Apply റ чਸ ঌ ࣻ ੓ח ҃਋ (Known After Apply): Apply ױ҅ীࢲ ࣻ೯
precondition & postcondition
[नӏ ޙߨ] precondition & postcondition ਸ ੉ਊೠ ؘ੉ఠ Ѩૐ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ޙߨ] lifecycle ೞਤ replace_triggered_by ২࣌ ૑ਗ
lifecycle ࠶۾ ղ replace_triggred_by ২࣌੄ чਵ۽ ܻࣗझ ࢚క ઱ࣗ੄ ߓৌ ࢸ੿

Local Variables / Input Variables ࢎਊ ࠛо

=> Terraform v1.4 ী ୶оػ terraform_data ܻࣗझܳ ഝਊೞৈ ਋ഥ оמ
ܻࣗझ Ү୓ܳ ੌਵఃח ੄ઓࢿ ੿੄
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/meta-arguments/lifecycle#replace_triggered_by

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #1. ੄ઓࢿਸ о૓ ܻࣗझ ߸҃ী ٮܲ ੤ࢤࢿ੉ ઁ؀۽ ੉ܖয૑૑ ঋח ҃਋

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #2. timestamp() ೣࣻ ੉ਊೞৈ ೦࢚ ੤ࢤࢿೞח ܻࣗझ ੿੄

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ޙߨ] variable ੿੄ द object ఋੑ ղ optional ࣘࢿ ૑ਗ
੉੹ীח object ؘ੉ఠ ఋੑਵ۽ ੑ۱ ߸ࣻܳ ੿੄ೠ ҃਋,
 
ݽٚ object ࣘࢿ чਸ ੹׳ೞ૑ ঋਵݶ য়ܨ ߊࢤ

=> ݆਷ ࢎۈٜ੉ any ؘ੉ఠ ఋੑਸ tricky ೞѱ ࢎਊ
optional ࣘࢿਸ ૑ਗೞח object ؘ੉ఠ ఋੑ
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/expressions/type-constraints#optional-object-type-attributes
module_variable_optional_attrs प೷प ݽ٘ ઔস!
optional(type, default)

- (Required) type: object ղ ೧׼ ࣘࢿ੄ ؘ੉ఠ ఋੑ ૑੿

- (Optional) default: object ղ ೧׼ ࣘࢿ ч੉ ੹׳غ૑ ঋਸ ҃਋ ࢎਊೡ ӝࠄ ч. ޷૑੿ दী null ч ࢎਊ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #1. زੌ ݾ੸ਸ ਤೠ ੑ۱ ߸ࣻী ؀ೠ ਽૘
https://github.com/tedilabs/terraform-aws-cost

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #2. ݽٕ ҳࢿ द زੌೠ ݾ੸੄ ܻࣗझ ਽૘
https://github.com/tedilabs/terraform-aws-messaging

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ޙߨ] startswith() ৬ endswith() ޙ੗ৌ Ѩૐ ೣࣻ ୶о
startswith(string, pre
fi
x) ೣࣻח ઱য૓ ޙ੗ৌ੄ ੽فয(pre
fi
x)ܳ Ѩࢎ

endswith(string, su
ff i
x) ೣࣻח ઱য૓ ޙ੗ৌ੄ ੽޷য(su
ffi
x)ܳ Ѩࢎ

नӏ ޙ੗ৌ ೣࣻ startswith() ৬ endswith() ୶о
https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform/pull/31220
੉੹ীח regexall() ੿ӏ಴അध ೣࣻܳ ࢎਊ೧ঠ݅ ೮ਵա, ੉ઁ рױೠ ޙ੗ৌ ೣࣻ۽ ؀਽ оמ
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/functions/startswith
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/functions/endswith

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #1. ч ҅࢑ द ઑѤޙ ഝਊ
https://github.com/tedilabs/terraform-aws-messaging

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #2. ੑ۱ ߸ࣻ (Input Variable) ؘ੉ఠ ਬബࢿ Ѩૐ द ഝਊ

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
[नӏ ܻࣗझ] terraform_data नӏ ࠽౟ੋ ܻࣗझ ઁҕ
࠽౟ੋ (Built-in)ਵ۽ ୶о ೐۽߄੉؊ ࢸ஖ হ੉ ࢎਊ оמ

ੑ۱ ߸ࣻ (Input Variables)

- (Optional) input: పۄಬ ࢚కী ੷੢ೡ ч. output ୹۱ чী apply റ ߈৔.

- (Optional) triggers_replace: పۄಬ ࢚కী ੷੢ೡ ч ݾ۾. ч ߸҃ द ੤ࢤࢿ.

୹۱ ч (Outputs)

- id: ܻࣗझ ੋझఢझ੄ Ҋਬ ID

- output: input ੑ۱ ߸ࣻ۽ࠗఠ ҅࢑ػ ч (inputҗ زੌೠ ؘ੉ఠ ఋੑ)
terraform_data नӏ ࠽౟ੋ ܻࣗझ ୶о
https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/language/resources/terraform-data

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #1. Resource Lifecycle ҙܻী ࢎਊೡ чਸ ੷੢ೡ ٸ (with replace_triggered_by)

revision јनী ٮܲ ੤ࢤࢿ ઱ӝ੸ੋ ӝ޻ ؘ੉ఠ ۽ప੉౴
replace_triggered_by ח resource ҃۽݅ ೲਊೞӝ ٸޙ!

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v1.0 ੉റ ઱ਃ ߸҃ࢎ೦
Use Case #2. Provisioner ܳ प೯दఃח ݾ੸ (ӝઓ null_resource ੄ ؀୓ઁ)

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v1.5 ޷ܻࠁӝ

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[नӏ ޙߨ] check ࠶۾ਸ ੉ਊೠ ؘ੉ఠ Ѩૐ ӝמ ъച
apply ੉റ ੋ೐ۄ ࢚కী ؀ೠ Ѩૐ ӝמ (Continuous Assertion)

check ࠶۾ ղ ؘ੉ఠ ࣗझ ࡺ ইפۄ పۄಬ ௏٘ ղ ؘ੉ఠ ଵઑ оמ

check ࠶۾਷ ೞա ੉࢚੄ assert ࠶۾ਸ ੿੄೧ঠ ೣ

assert ࠶۾਷ condition & error_message ۽ ҳࢿ

check ࠶۾
ܾܻૉ ৘੿ ߡ੹: Terraform v1.5
https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform/releases/tag/v1.5.0-alpha20230405
precondition / postcondition / validation җ ׳ܻ plan / apply ੄ प೯ਸ ઺ױೞ૑ ঋ਺ (soft-fail)
v1.5 ޷ܻࠁӝ
https://unfriendlygrinch.info/posts/terraform-check-block/

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Datadog Monitor োز
v1.5 ޷ܻࠁӝ
Use Case #1. ೐۽࠺੷׬ೠ ੋ೐ۄ ܻࣗझী ؀ೠ ݽפఠ݂ োز
PagerDuty োز

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s3-bucket ݽٕ
v1.5 ޷ܻࠁӝ
Use Case #2. పۄಬ ݽٕ ղ Soft Policy as Code ઁҕ
׮਺җ э਷ check ࠶۾ਸ ݽٕ ղী ղ੢ೞৈ ߓನ

- Public Access Block ੉ ഝࢿചغয ੓חо?

- ACL ੉ ࠺ഝࢿചغয ੓חо?

- Lifecycle Rule ੉ ೞա ੉࢚ ੘ࢿغয ੓חо?

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tfupdate: పۄಬ ௏٘ ղ ߡ੹ ಴അध ҙܻ بҳ
GitHub: minamijoyo/tfupdate
https://github.com/minamijoyo/tfupdate
Update version constraints in your Terraform con
fi
gurations
઱ਃ ӝמ
- పۄಬ ௏٘ ղ Terraform / Providers / Modules ী ؀ೠ ߡ੹ ಴അध সؘ੉౟

- ઱য૓ ҃۽ ղী ݽٚ ೞਤ ٣۩షܻө૑ ܻழद࠳ ز੘ ૑ਗ

- GitHub / GitLab / Terraform Registry ۽ࠗఠ ୭न ߡ੹ ੿ࠁ ઑഥ
Terraform v0.12+ ߡ੹ ૑ਗ

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ӝࠄ ࢎਊߨ ӝࠄ ২࣌

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೐۽߄੉؊ ߡ੹ ߸҃ ݽٕ ߡ੹ ߸҃

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tfautomv: పۄಬ moved ࠶۾ ੗ز ੘ࢿ
GitHub: padok-team/tfautomv
https://github.com/padok-team/tfautomv
Generate Terraform moved blocks automatically for painless refactoring
઱ਃ ӝמ
- పۄಬ ௏٘ ܻಂష݂ റ Terraform v1.1 ী ୶оػ moved ࠶۾ ੗ز ࢤࢿ

- terraform state mv ݺ۸য ୹۱ب ૑ਗ

- ೐۽߄੉؊ী ੄ઓ੸੉૑ ঋҊ ݽٚ ೐۽߄੉؊ী زੌ ز੘ (Provider Agnostic)

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tfautomv: పۄಬ moved ࠶۾ ੗ز ੘ࢿ
Apply प೯ೠ పۄಬ ௏٘ Apply റ ߸҃ೠ పۄಬ ௏٘
tfautomv प೯ Ѿҗ
ӝࠄ ࢎਊߨ

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tftarget: ܻࣗझ ఋѱ౴ਸ ੋఠۑ౭࠳ೞѱ ب৬઱ח بҳ
GitHub: future-architect/tftarget
https://github.com/future-architect/tftarget
Make ` terraform xxx -target=` easier
઱ਃ ӝמ
- terraform CLI੄ -target= ২࣌ਸ ࢎਊ੗ ࢚ഐ੘ਊਸ ా೧ ࢎਊࢿਸ ѐࢶೠ
 
Terraform CLI Wrapper

- plan / apply / destroy ݺ۸যী ؀೧ ܻࣗझ ఋѱ౴ ૑ਗ

- ழझథ పۄಬ ߄੉ցܻ (terragrunt ١) ࢸ੿ оמ

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extra

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extra
The Making of HashiCorp Terraform with Mitchell Hashimoto
ೞद௏೐੄ ହস੗, ೞदݽషо ٜ۰઱ח Tera
ff
orm v1.0 ө૑੄ ৈ੿ਸ ഛੋೞप ࣻ ੓যਃ! 🤧
https://youtu.be/RNHQ91afYkE

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extra
పۄಬ ݽٕ ഘࠁ
github.com/tedilabs/
Terraform Public Registry: tedilabs
GitHub: tedilabs
2021֙ࠗఠ য়೑ࣗझ ӝ߈ పۄಬ ݽٕ ੘ࢿ ߂ ҙܻ

AWS / GitHub / HTTP ೐۽߄੉؊ ૑ਗ

അ੤ 17ѐ੄ పۄಬ ಁః૑ ղী ୨ 110+ ѐ੄ పۄಬ ݽٕ ૑ਗ

पઁ ഝਊ ױਤ੄ ѐ୓۽ ਽૘җ ୶࢚ച, ੤ࢎਊࢿী ୡ੼ਸ ݏ୸ ݽٕച
GitHub ۨನ૑షܻী ⭐ח ௾ ൨੉ ؾפ׮. 🤣
ҕѐػ ݽٕ ௏٘ܳ ా೧ ߊ಴ ղਊ੄ ୭न పۄಬ ӝמਸ যڌѱ ഝਊೞח૑ ഛੋೡ ࣻ ੓যਃ.

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End of Document
Visit my AMA (https://github.com/posquit0/ama) for any question!

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모던 테라폼 (Modern Terraform)

모던 테라폼 (Modern Terraform)

Byungjin Park

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