QUANTITATIVE_RESEARCH-2.pdf

It explains the concept of research paradigms, their four elements—ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology—and different types of research paradigms. It focuses mainly on the quantitative/positivist approach, including its characteristics, purposes, steps, importance, advantages, and disadvantages.

Transcript

1. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PRIYANKA. M M.ED 1 YEAR
2. PARADIGM
   &
   PARADIGM SHIFTS
3. RESEARCH PARADIGMS • is a framework that guides how research is conducted, based on certain philosophies, beliefs, and methods. • reflects the researcher's worldview and influences their c h o i c e o f m e t h o d o l o g y, d a t a c o l l e c t i o n , a n d interpretation. • i s a method, model , or pattern for conducti ng a research. • A set of ideas, beliefs, or understanding within which theories and practices can function.
4. Positivism Emphasizes objective reality and quantifiable observations. Knowledge is gained through empirical evidence. Interpretivism Focuses on subjective understanding and the interpretation of social phenomena. Critical Theory Aims to challenge social injustices and empower marginalized groups by uncovering hidden power structures Pragmatism Combines multiple methods to address practical problems, focusing on what works 4 TYPES OF RESEARCH PARADIGMS
5. THREE PILLARS (FOUNDATIONS) OF A RESEARCH PARADIGM ONTOLOGY EPISTEMOLOGY METHODOLOGY • WHAT IS REALITY • HOW DO WE KNOW REALITY • INVOLVES THE STRATEGIES ,TOOLS, AND PROCESS FOR CONDUCTING RESEARCH
6. PURPOSE OF A RESEARCH PARADIGM • Provide a structured framework to research • Define research goals and objectives • Guide the choice of appropriate methods and tools • Ensure consistency between research questions, methodology, and data analysis
7. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
   UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH THROUGH NUMBERS Q u a n t i t a t i v e re s e a rc h i s a systematic, objective approach t ha t f o c use s o n c o l l e c t i ng numerical data and analyzing it using statistical methods to test hypotheses, identify patterns and generalize findings to larger populations.
8. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH According to Creswell (2013), “Quantitative research attempts to quantify, collect and analyse numerical data, and focus on the links among a smaller number of attributes across many cases. Post positivist worldview, experimental design, and pretest and post-test measures of attitudes in this scenario, the researcher tests a theory by specifying narrow hypotheses and the collection of data to support or refuse the hypotheses.” Numbers do not tell the whole story, but they help us understand the story with greater accuracy.
9. Key Characteristics Uses statistical analysis Objective & value free Based on numerical data Large samples for generalisa tion Replicable and verifiable Deductive approach Structured and systematic
10. FEATURES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH  It involves experiments, surveys, testing, and structured content analysis, interviews  Pre-determined  Instrument based questions  Objective  Performance data, attitude data, observational ad census data  Statistical analysis
11.  Statistical interpretation  Deductive  High degree of structure  Some manipulation of subjects  May take little time to conduct  Much social distance between researcher and subject
    
    
12. PURPOSE TEST HYPOTHESES MEASURE VARIABLES IDENTIFY RELATIONSHIPS PREDICT OUTCOMES GENERALIZE FINDINGS “Numbers tell us HOW MANY, statistics tell us WHAT IT MEANS MEANS.”
13. STEPS IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Identify research problem Data Analysis Review literature Data collection Develop Hypotheses Research design Interpretatio n& conclusion
15. WHY IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IMPORTANT?  Helps researches make independent decisions based on evidence  Identifies patterns, trends, and relationships  Provides reliable and generalizable results  Widely used in education, business, healthcare, social sciences, and many other fields
16. ADVANTAGES Provides estimates of populations at large Indicates the extensiveness of attitudes held by people Provides results which can be condensed to statistics AIlow for statistical comparison between various groups Has precision, is definitive and standardized Measures level of occurrence, actions, trends, etc. Can answer such questions as "How many?" and "How often?"
17. DISADVANTAGES They average out responses across the whole observed group of participants Similar scores can result from quite different underlying processes Quantitative methods are generally- not very sensitive in uncovering the reasons for particular observations Reductionist view: the general exploratory capacity of quantitative research is rather limited.