Energy UAVs R and D - Latest Updates from the Centers of Excellence Universities and_ FAA Stephen Lux Luxion, Deputy Director, ASSURE.pdf

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1. www. ASSUREuas.org Regulatory Research Update to 2017 Energy Drone Coalition Colonel, (USAF Retired) Steve ‘Lux’ Luxion, ASSURE Deputy Director sluxion@ASSURE.msstate.edu
2. www. ASSUREuas.org UAS Will Change our Lives
3. www. ASSUREuas.org UAS Challenges
4. www. ASSUREuas.org Difference of Cultures • Industry • Ultimately responsible to return on investment • Agility – first to market • Technology driven • Can be seen as “Cowboys” • Regulators • Ultimately responsible for safety of system • Methodical • Data driven • Can be seen as “Bureaucratic” • Public
5. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE ASSURE FAA Industry - Regulations - Standards - Guidance SAFE & RELIABLE ACCESS TO THE NAS
6. www. ASSUREuas.org What is ASSURE?  Long title: The Alliance for System Safety of UAS Through Research Excellence - The Federal Aviation Administration’s Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems  Short title: The FAA’s Drone Research Center  COEs are “entities with substantive ties to universities which advance the state of transportation knowledge within a particular aviation area  FAA William J. Hughes Tech Center manages COEs  COE’s get two funding vehicles  Grants (mandatory 1-to-1 cost share)  IDIQ Contracts (cost share negotiable)  23 Schools, 100+ companies – big team for a big job!
7. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE University Team
8. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE Certified Industry Partners
9. www. ASSUREuas.org ARDC – Our 501(c)3 • ASSURE Research & Development Corporation (ARDC) • 501(c)3 Non-Profit – Solve problems / seek opportunities outside work for the FAA • Another mechanism to conduct FAA/Gov’t work • Leverages • ASSURE Alliance and its relationships • Knowledge and experience gained from FAA research • With only one contract and NDA, if required, with ARDC • ARDC does the rest to leverage our ASSURE teammates to best meet the needs of the sponsor
10. www. ASSUREuas.org FAA Strategic Plan
11. www. ASSUREuas.org The Path to Full Integration Within VLOS / isolated operating area Beyond VLOS / populated operating area Small UAS / low energy output Large UAS / high energy output Low-risk, Isolated Full UAS Integration Operations by Exemption Part 107 Operations UAS Operations Over People Expanded Operations Non-Segregated Operations Small Cargo / Passenger Operations Low Altitude Authorization & Notification Capability (LAANC) Aeronautical Information Infrastructure for UAS Airspace Access Regulatory Framework NAS System Integration Online Registration Rulemaking to Address Security Concerns
12. www. ASSUREuas.org Ops Over People Expanded Ops Non- Segregated Operations sUAS Package Delivery Routine/ Scheduled Ops Large Cargo Carrier Ops Passenger Ops 12 UAS Operational Capabilities Development Identification & Tracking Capability UAS Low Altitude Authorization & Notification Capability (LAANC) Low Altitude UAS Traffic Management DAA & BVLOS Performance Requirements Advanced Automation UAS Operational Requirements & Repeatable Approval Process Market Intelligence Key Enablers
13. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE Research
14. www. ASSUREuas.org FAA Funded ASSURE Research (1/5) • Develop detect and avoid (DAA) to enable sUAS beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations under specific operational limitations (A2) – UND/NMSU • Can we find a way to expand portions of the NAS to enable sUAS ops under specific limitations? • Surveillance criticality for DAA (A6) – NC State • Can we use current surveillance equipment (transponders, ADS-B, TCAS) for UAS DAA?
15. www. ASSUREuas.org FAA Funded ASSURE Research (2/5) • Air to air collision (A3) – Wichita State/OSU • What happens in a UAS impact? Engine ingest? • Air to ground collision (A4) – Alabama Huntsville/MSU • How big can a UAS be before it’s a hazard to people?
16. www. ASSUREuas.org Key Findings from the Ground Collision Severity Report • 300 publications reviewed to evaluate existing injury metrics, battery standards, toy standards, and casualty models to determine applicability to small UAS • Three dominant injury metrics applicable to sUAS • Blunt force trauma injury – Most significant contributor to fatalities • Lacerations – Blade guards required for flight over people • Penetration injury – Hard to apply consistently as a standard • Collision Dynamics of sUAS is not the same as being hit by a rock • Multi-rotor UAS fall slower than metal debris of the same mass due to higher drag on the drone • UAS are flexible during collision and retain significant energy during impact • Wood and metal debris do not deform and transfer most of their energy • Payloads can be more hazardous due to reduced drag and stiffer materials • Blade guards are critical to safe flight over people • Lithium Polymer Batteries need a unique standard suitable for sUAS to ensure safety 17
17. www. ASSUREuas.org Comparison of Steel and Wood with Phantom 3 18 UAS Wood Steel Test Weight: 2.69 lbs. Impact Velocity: 49-50 fps Impact Energy: 100-103 ft-lbs. Test Weight: 2.69 lbs. Impact Velocity: 52-54 fps Impact Energy: 116-120 ft-lbs. Test Weight: 2.7 lbs. Impact Velocity: 52-53 fps Impact Energy: 114-121 ft-lbs. Motor Vehicle Standards • Prob. of neck injury: 11-13% • Prob. of head injury: 0.01-0.03% Range Commanders Council Standards • Probability of fatality from… - Head impact: 98-99% - Chest impact: 98-99% - Body/limb impact: 54-57% Motor Vehicle Standards • Prob. of neck injury: 63-69% • Prob. of head injury: 99-100% Range Commanders Council Standards • Probability of fatality from… - Head impact: 99-100% - Chest impact: 99-100% - Body/limb impact: 67-70% Motor Vehicle Standards • Prob. of neck injury: 61-72% • Prob. of head injury: 99-100% Range Commanders Council Standards • Probability of fatality from… - Head impact: 99-100% - Chest impact: 99-100% - Body/limb impact: 65-71%
18. www. ASSUREuas.org FAA Funded ASSURE Research 3/5) • sUAS maintenance standards/cert.(A5) – KSU/ERAU • What are maintenance requirements? • What is tracked & how/where? • How do you train sUAS maintenance personnel? • ASI & Repair Station Certifications? • Accident reporting requirements/details? • Secure C2 & Spectrum Management (A9) (OSU) • What should standards be for secure & reliable C2?
19. www. ASSUREuas.org FAA Funded ASSURE Research (4/5) • Human factors (A7) - Drexel • Which functions should – or shouldn’t – be automated in UAS control? • What are the minimum design standards for UAS control stations? • Human Factors: UAS CS Certification & Procedures (A10) (ERAU) • What are minimum standards for UAS control stations?
20. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE FY 17 Research (5/5) • sUAS Detection Near Airports (MSU) • Evaluating different technological solution types • Minority STEM outreach – Tuskegee/NM State • UAS to teach STEM to disadvantaged youths
21. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE FY 17 Research (Likely) • Air-to-Air Collision Studies Follow-on (WSU) • Engine ingest (OhSU) • UAS v. Rotorcraft and Private Aircraft • Air-to-Ground Studies Follow-on (UAH) • Expanded UAS-Human Impact Studies • UAS Lithium Battery Impact Studies • Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for sUAS BVLOS Ops over Populated Areas • Secure C2 and Spectrum Mangement Follow-On (OhSU) • Working with Industry Standards Committees • Satellite Communications • Slew of other current research follow-on studies
22. www. ASSUREuas.org Working with ASSURE • Collaborate with ASSURE partners • Join ASSURE • Participate & influence research • Public reports released by the FAA • ASSURE Research & Development Corporation (ARDC) • 501(c)3 Non-Profit – Solve problems / seek opportunities outside work for the FAA • Leverages • ASSURE Alliance and its relationships • Knowledge and experience gained from FAA research
23. www. ASSUREuas.org Thank You ASSUREuas ASSUREuas ASSURE UAS www.ASSUREuas.org SLuxion@ASSURE.msstate.edu
24. www. ASSUREuas.org Back Up Slides
25. www. ASSUREuas.org What is ASSURE?  Long title: The Alliance for System Safety of UAS Through Research Excellence - The Federal Aviation Administration’s Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aerial Systems  Short title: The FAA’s Drone Research Center  COEs are “entities with substantive ties to universities which advance the state of transportation knowledge within a particular aviation area  FAA William J. Hughes Tech Center manages COEs  COE’s get two funding vehicles  Grants (mandatory 1-to-1 cost share)  IDIQ Contracts (cost share negotiable)  23 Schools, 100+ companies – big team for a big job!
26. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE Research Focus Areas
27. www. ASSUREuas.org ASSURE Research Fueling Change Expertise 22 Universities & 100+ Industry partners Core to three FAA UAS Test sites Experience ASSURE UAS inventory: 340 – USAF: 316 Only the DoD flies more UAS yearly than ASSURE Knowledge gained from on-going research Influence 200+ locations in 13 states, nine countries Minority outreach to African-American, Native American, Hispanic populations On 14 different FAA/Int’l rule-making committees
28. www. ASSUREuas.org Quick Thoughts: Challenges • Regulatory risk (ASSURE Primary Focus) • Assess to National Airspace System • Rules, regulations and guidelines • People (training & certification) • Systems (certification) • Operations (type certifications) • Technology Risk – rapid change • Think early aviation combined w/speed of technological innovation • Opportunity ! • Operational Structure & Costs • Internal program v. hiring services company
29. www. ASSUREuas.org Quick Thoughts: Seizing Opportunities • Only limited by the power of creative solutions • Cheaper (Helo Flight Hour Cost $2K/Hr vs. UAS) • Faster • Safer • Hardware • Trucks • Sensors • Software: It’s all about DATA • Planning • On-board systems • Processing the data (on & off board) • Aggregating the data: MetaData