行政プロセスにデータ分析を取り入れるために知っておきたい知識と事例

2020年1月21日に開催される「令和元年度 政策評価に関する統一研修」（広島会場）の講義資料です。

Transcript

1. ߦ੓ϓϩηεʹ σʔλ෼ੳΛ औΓೖΕΔͨΊʹ ஌͓͖͍ͬͯͨ ஌ࣝͱࣄྫ
     Ұൠࣾஂ๏ਓϦϯΫσʔλ ୅දཧࣄ 
   5VF ྩ࿨ݩ೥౓ ੓ࡦධՁʹؔ͢Δ౷Ұݚम
2. ຊࢿྉͷిࢠϑΝΠϧೖखํ๏ nຊࢿྉͰ͸ࢀߟࢿྉͷURLΛೖΕ͍ͯͨΓɺΧϥʔͰͷϏδϡΞϥΠζΛଟ༻͍ͯ͠ ΔͨΊɺిࢠϑΝΠϧͰͷӾཡΛ͓͢͢Ί͍ͨ͠·͢ nຊࢿྉ͸૯຿লͷʮ੓ࡦධՁʹؔ͢Δ౷Ұݚमʯͷެࣜϖʔδ͔Β΋ޙ೔ެ։༧ఆͰ ͕͢ɺ͙͢ʹӾཡ͍ͨ͠ํ͸ҎԼͷURL͔Β͝ཡ௖͚·͢ https://bit.ly/371FfLm 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 2
3. Enterprise Public Sector Civic Tech Sayoko Shimoyama 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 3
4. 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 4 https://public.tableau.com/profile/sayoko.shimoyama.linkdata#!/vizhome/30_32/2018
5. ໨࣍ 1. ͳͥɺσʔλΛ࢖͏ඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔ 2. ެڞσʔλͷڞ༗͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձతΠϯύΫτ 3. ੓ࡦཱҊͷͨΊͷσʔλ෼ੳͷྲྀΕ 4. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚ΔΑ͋͘Δצҧ͍ 5. ͓નΊͷจݙɾࢿྉ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 5
6. 
   ͳͥɺ σʔλΛ࢖͏ ඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔  4BZPLP
   4IJNPZBNB
   -JOL%BUB 
7. ͲͪΒͷࣄނͷํ͕ා͍ͱײ͡·͔͢ʁ ඈߦػࣄނ ࣗಈंࣄނ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 7
8. ࣮ࡍʹࢮ๢ࣄނʹૺ͏֬཰Λௐ΂ͯΈΔͱ… ඈߦػࣄނ 0.00004% ࣗಈंࣄނ 0.00279% 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 8 ೥ͷࠃ಺ͷࣗಈंަ௨ࣄނʹΑΔࢮ๢ऀ਺ɿ 
   
   ૯ਓޱɿ   ग़యݩɿܯࢹி
   ૯຿ল౷ܭہ ೥ʹੈքͰൃੜͨ͠ඈߦػࣄނ݅਺ɿ
   
   ೥ؒ૯ϑϥΠτ਺ɿ   ग़యݩɿ"WJBUJPO
   4BGFUZ
   /FUXPSL ໿ ສ݅ʹճ ى͜Δ֬཰ ໿ ສ݅ʹճ ى͜Δ֬཰ ඈߦػͷ ໿ ഒ
9. ʮՄ༻ੑώϡʔϦεςΟοΫʯ ͱݺ͹ΕΔ൑அͷ܏޲͕ݪҼ nਓ͸ɺ͋ΔࣄྫΛࢥ͍ු͔΂΍͚͢Ε͹ɺ ى͜Γ΍͍͢ͱ൑அ͠΍͍͢܏޲͕͋Δ nೝࣝɺཧղɺܾఆͷࡍʹɺ ࢥ͍ग़͠΍͍͢৘ใ͚ͩʹج͍ͮͯ ൑அ͢Δ܏޲Λ ʮՄ༻ੑώϡʔϦεςΟοΫ (Availability heuristic)ʯͱݺͿ nਓ͕ؕΓ΍͍͢ʮೝ஌όΠΞεʯ ͷ͏ͪͷ1ͭ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 9 ඈߦػࣄނ͸େ͖͘ใಓ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɺ ҹ৅ʹ࢒Γ΍͍͢
10. ೝ஌όΠΞε =ແҙࣝͳࢥߟͷภΓɾޡΓ ೝ஌όΠΞεʢcognitive biasʣͱ͸ɺ ೝ஌৺ཧֶ΍ࣾձ৺ཧֶͰͷ༷ʑͳ؍࡯ऀޮՌ ͷҰछͰ͋Γɺඇৗʹجຊతͳ౷ܭֶతͳޡΓɺ ࣾձతؼଐͷޡΓɺهԱͷޡΓʢڏِهԱʣͳ Ͳਓ͕ؒ൜͠΍͍͢໰୊Ͱ͋Δɻ సͯ͡ೝ஌όΠΞε͸ɺࣄྫূڌ΍๏తূڌͷ ৴པੑΛେ͖͘࿪ΊΔɻ ग़యɿ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E3%83%90 %E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 10
11. ೝ஌όΠΞεͷྫᶃɿ ΞϯΧϦϯάޮՌ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 11
12. ೝ஌όΠΞεͷྫᶄɿ αϯΫίετʢຒ຅අ༻ʣ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 12
13. Ͳ͏͢Ε͹ೝ஌όΠΞεΛ֎ͤΔ͔ʁ ͲΜͳೝ஌όΠΞε͕͋Δ͔ ஌͓͚ͬͯ͹ؾΛ෇͚ΒΕΔ…ʁ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 13
14. ໊લͷ෇͍͍ͯΔೝ஌όΠΞε͸190Ҏ্ http://lelang.sites-hosting.com/naklang/method.html 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 14 ৗʹશͯΛ ҙࣝ͢Δͷ͸ ແཧʂʂ
15. ೝ஌όΠΞε͸ආ͚ΒΕͳ͍ ࣗ෼΋ɺଞਓ΋ɺೝࣝ΍൑அʹ͸ ৗʹೝ஌όΠΞε͕ ͔͔͍ͬͯΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ ͱ͍͏લఏͰ͍Δඞཁ͕͋Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 15
16. ೝ஌όΠΞεରࡦ Ͳ͏͢Ε͹όΠΞε͕͔͔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʹؾ෇͖ɺ ਖ਼͍͠൑அʹۙ෇͘͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔͷ͔ʁ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 16 ओ؍తͳ৘ใ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺ٬؍తͳ৘ใΛ࢖͏
17. ٬؍త = ୭͕ݟͯ΋େମಉ͡ղऍ͕Ͱ͖Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 17 2 ͲͪΒͷೣ͕େ͖͍ʁ 2
    ͲͪΒͷೣ͕ՄѪ͍ʁ 0.3m 20m ٬؍త ओ؍త
18. ਺஋Λ࢖͏ͱղऍͷᴥᴪΛݮΒͤΔ ྫʣ͋Δࢢʹ͓͚Δٹٸୂһ๊͕͍͑ͯͨ՝୊    
     
    2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 18
19. ਺஋Λ࢖͏ͱղऍͷᴥᴪΛݮΒͤΔ ࢢ಺ͷ֤ୂͷୂһ1ਓ͋ͨΓͷ ग़ಈ݅਺※ Λࢉग़ͯ͠ൺֱ ※࢖༻σʔλɿফ๷೥ใͷ೥ؒٹٸग़ಈ݅਺×֤ୂͷ഑ଐਓ਺ ࠷େͰ 7.75ഒ ͷࠩ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 19 n ਺ࣈ͸ݴ༿ΑΓ΋ղऍͷ෯͕ڱ͍ n ղऍͷᴥᴪ͕ݴ༿ʹൺ΂ͯ ى͜Γʹ͍͘ ग़యݩɿ$PEF
    GPS
    +BQBO
    σʔλΞΧσϛʔʹ͓͚Δ๭࣏ࣗମͷνʔϜͷ౰೔ൃදࢿྉ
20. ױ ऀ ͷ ੜ ଘ ཰ ܦݧ΍Χϯ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ͦΕΛཪ෇͚Δ٬؍తͳσʔλ͕ඞཁ nEBPMɿEvidence Based Policy Making …ΤϏσϯεʢՊֶతࠜ ڌʣʹج͍ͮͨ੓ࡦཱҊ nEBPM͸ҩֶʢEvidence Based Medicineʣ͔Β೿ੜ ͨ͠ߟ͑ํ • 1989೥ɺ౰࣌Ұൠతʹ࢖༻͞Εͯ ͍ͨෆ੔຺ͷༀͷޮՌΛσʔλΛ औͬͯݕূͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɺ෰༻ʹ Αͬͯࢮ๢཰͕ߴ·Δ͜ͱ͕൑໌ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 20 ౰࣌Ұൠతͳෆ੔຺ͷༀ ϓϥηϘʢِༀʣ ܦݧత஌ࣝͷΈͰ൑அ͢Δ͜ͱͷ ةݥੑ
21. σʔλ෼ੳ݁Ռ͕ܦݧ΍ΧϯΛӽ͑ͨྫɿ PredPolʢถࠃͷ൜ࡑൃੜ༧ଌγεςϜʣ nPredPol ͸ΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶͷݚڀ άϧʔϓ͕։ൃͨ͠൜ࡑ༧ଌγεςϜ nաڈͷ๲େͳ൜ࡑ৘ใͷσʔλϕʔεΛ ΋ͱʹɺকདྷʮ͍ͭɺͲ͜Ͱʯ൜ࡑ͕ ى͖Δͷ͔ɺػցֶशΛϕʔεʹ༧ଌ nϩαϯθϧεࢢܯͷϓϩͷ൜ࡑ෼ੳ׭ͱ PredPolͷ༧ଌΛൺֱͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɺ ൜ࡑ෼ੳ׭ʹൺ΂̎ഒҎ্PredPolͷํ͕ ਖ਼֬ʹ༧ଌͰ͖ͨ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 21 ैདྷͷܦݧ΍ΧϯཔΓͷํ๏Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ σʔλʹجͮ͘٬؍తͳࠜڌ͔Β൑அ͢Δํ๏΁γϑτ https://www.predpol.com/
22. σʔλͰࠜڌΛࣔ͢͜ͱͰ߹ҙܗ੒ΛਐΊͨྫɿ εʔύʔϒϩοΫߏ૝ʢόϧηϩφࢢʣ nόϧηϩφͰ͸ࣗಈंͷަ௨ྔ͕ଟ͘ɺԚછ෺࣭΍CO2ɺ ૽ԻͳͲʹΑΔެ֐͕՝୊ nʮࢢຽத৺౎ࢢʯΛίϯηϓτʹ͔͔͛ɺஈ֊తʹं͕௨ΕΔಓΛ ੍ݶ͢ΔܭըΛ࣮ࢪ nަ௨ྔ΍؀ڥʹؔ͢ΔηϯγϯάσʔλΛ༻͍ͯ෼ੳΛߦ͍ɺ ܭը͕ਐΜͩ৔߹ʹͲͷ͘Β͍໰୊͕վળ͢Δͷ͔ɺ ۩ମతͳ਺஋Ͱࣔ͢͜ͱͰ߹ҙܗ੒Λਪਐ • ަ௨ྔ͕21%ݮ • 94%ͷࢢຽ͕ةݥͳϨϕϧͷཻࢠঢ়෺࣭ʹࡽ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ͳ͘ͳΔ • 73.5%ͷࢢຽ͸ʮ65σγϕϧҎ্ͷ૽ԻʯΛܦݧͤͣʹ͢Ή 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 22 https://citiesofthefuture.eu/superblocks-barcelona-answer-to-car-centric-city/
23. 
    ެڞσʔλͷ ڞ༗͕΋ͨΒ͢ ࣾձతΠϯύΫτ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB 
24. αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ º :FMQ
    ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ nαϯϑϥϯγείࢢͰ͸ɺҿ৯ళʹ ର࣮ͯ͠ࢪͨ͠อ݈Ӵੜݕࠪͷ݁Ռ Λσʔλͱͯ͠ެ։͍ͯ͠Δ n:FMQ͸ͦΕΛαʔϏεʹऔΓࠐΈɺ l)FBMUI 4DPSFz
    ͱͯ͠఺ຬ఺ ͷείΞԽ֤ͯ͠ҿ৯ళͷ ϨϏϡʔϖʔδʹදࣔ  n ੈք࠷େڃͷϩʔΧϧϏδωεͷϨϏϡʔαΠτ n ೔ຊͰ͍͏ͱ͜Ζͷʮ৯΂ϩάʯతͳαʔϏε 4":0,0
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25.  4":0,0
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    ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ ӴੜείΞɿ ఺
26.  4":0,0
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    ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ
27. αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ º :FMQ
    ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ  ΋͠αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ͕ Ӵੜௐࠪ݁ՌΛαΠτͰެද͍ͯ͠Δ ͚ͩͩͬͨΒʁ Ұ෦ͷਓ͔͠ݟʹདྷͳ͍ ΋͠:FMQ͕ ಠࣗʹҿ৯ళΛධՁ͢Δ είΞΛ෇͚͍ͯͨΒʁ ެฏੑ͕୲อ͞Εͳ͍ ڧΈɿళฮͷӦۀσʔλ΍ޱίϛ σʔλΛूΊͯɺଟ͘ͷϢʔβ͕ ू·Δ৔Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔ ڧΈɿࢢຽͷ҆શΛकΔͨΊʹ࣮ࢪ ͨ͠ௐࠪ݁Ռͱͯ͠ɺެฏͳσʔλ ΛఏڙͰ͖Δ σʔλ͕ڞ༗͞ΕΔ͜ͱͰ ʮ૊৫Λ௒͑ͯಘҙ෼໺Λ෼୲Ͱ͖ΔࣾձʯʹͳΔ 4":0,0
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28. ߦ੓ͷσʔλ͸୭ʹͰ΋࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔඞཁ͕͋Δ nӴੜௐࠪ͸ࢢͷ੫ۚΛ࢖ͬͯӡ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɺ ೲ੫ऀ͸౳ͦ͘͠ͷσʔλΛ࢖͏ݖརΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ n୭Ͱ΋ࣗ༝ʹ࢖͑ΔσʔλͰ͋Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ΋͠αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ͕ :FMQ͚ͩʹӴੜௐࠪ݁ՌσʔλΛ ౉͍ͯͨ͠Βʁ ෆެฏʹର͠ඇ೉͕ूத Φʔϓϯσʔλ  4":0,0
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29. Φʔϓϯσʔλͷఆٛ ࠃɺ஍ํެڞஂମٴͼࣄۀऀ͕อ༗͢Δ׭ຽσʔλͷ͏ͪɺࠃຽ୭΋͕Πϯλʔωοτ౳Λ௨ͯ͡༰қ ʹར༻ʢՃ޻ɺฤूɺ࠶഑෍౳ʣͰ͖ΔΑ͏ɺ࣍ͷ͍ͣΕͷ߲໨ʹ΋֘౰͢ΔܗͰެ։͞ΕͨσʔλΛ Φʔϓϯσʔλͱఆٛ͢Δ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ  Ӧར໨తɺඇӦར໨తΛ໰Θͣೋ࣍ར༻Մೳͳϧʔϧ͕ ద༻͞Εͨ΋ͷ  ػց൑ಡʹదͨ͠΋ͷ  ແঈͰར༻Ͱ͖Δ΋ͷ  4":0,0
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30. l0QFO
    #Z
    %FGBVMUz ೥ (ʮΦʔϓϯσʔλݑষʯʹΑΔࠃࡍతͳ߹ҙ ʮ੫ۚΛ࢖ͬͯ࡞ΒΕͨ σʔλ͸શͯެڞࡒͱͯ͠ ެ։͢Δ΂͖Ͱ͋Δʯ ͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํΛ ݪଇͱͯ͠࠾༻ 2020/1/21 4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
    -*/,%"5" 
31. “Φʔϓϯσʔλ” ͱ͸ɺ ݩʑօ͞Μͷ΋ͷͩͬͨσʔλΛ ฦ͢͜ͱͩͱߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ - Miquel Mateu, Open Data Manager of Barcelona City  14-18 June 2016, World Data Viz Challenge 2016, Barcelona 4":0,0
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32. ೥ɿ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐجຊ๏ࢪߦ ˠࠃٴͼ࣏ࣗମ͸ΦʔϓϯσʔλʹऔΓ૊Ή͜ͱ͕ٛ຿෇͚ΒΕͨ  4":0,0
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33. Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ  ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ  ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ  ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ  4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
    -*/,%"5" 
34. Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ  ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ  ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ  ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ  4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
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35. ͳͥ׭ຽڠಇ͕ඞཁͳͷ͔ʁ ͜Ε·Ͱ͸ߦ੓͕ެڞαʔϏεӡӦͷओମͩͬͨ 2020/1/21 4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
    -*/,%"5"  ߦ੓ ॅຽ ੫ۚ ެڞαʔϏε
36. ͳͥ׭ຽڠಇ͕ඞཁͳͷ͔ʁ ੫ऩ͕ݮΔͱɺ͜Ε·Ͱ௨ΓͷެڞαʔϏε͸ ҡ࣋Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ 2020/1/21 4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
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37. ׭ຽڠಇʹΑͬͯ஍ҬΛ࣋ଓՄೳʹ͢Δ  4":0,0
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38. ΦʔϓϯσʔλʹΑͬͯɺ ૊৫Λ௒͑ͯಘҙ෼໺Λ෼୲Ͱ͖Δࣾձ ͕࣮ݱ͢Δ  4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
    -*/,%"5"  ߦ੓ ॅຽ ੫ۚ ެڞαʔϏε اۀɾݚڀػؔ ߦ੓ͷ࣋ͭ৘ใΛ ʮσʔλʯͱ͍͏ ڞ༗ʹదͨ͠ܗͰ ຽؒʹ։์͢Δ OPEN DATA
39. ࣄྫɿʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ ʢ੩Ԭࢢ º τϤλ*5։ൃηϯλʔʣ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB  ੩Ԭࢢʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ nಓ࿏ަ௨৘ใΛ ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ n௨ߦن੍΍ࡂ֐ൃੜ ͳͲͷσʔλΛ ϦΞϧλΠϜͰ഑৴ τϤλ*5։ൃηϯλʔ nڞಉ࣮ݧͰʮͣ͠Έͪ *OGPʯͷσʔλΛऔಘ ͠ΧʔφϏͰ৘ใ഑৴ ʢσʔλެ։ݩʣ ن੍ؔ࿈σʔλɿ੩Ԭࢢݐઃہಓ࿏෦ಓ࿏อશ՝ ๷ࡂؔ࿈σʔλɿ੩Ԭࢢ૯຿ہةػ؅ཧ૯ࣨ $&')(!"
    ,*1% # ""  #    7 #13/-5/6 #.54506/+2
40. ࣄྫɿʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ ैདྷ͸ඞཁͳ৘ใΛඞཁͳਓʹಧ͚ΒΕͳ ͔ͬͨ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB  ௨ߦن੍ ৘ใ νϥγ΍ެࣜ8FCαΠτ౳Ͱ ৘ใൃ৴ ඞཁͳλΠϛϯάͰ ඞཁͳ৘ใ͕ಘΒΕͳ͍ #&'03& ߦ੓ υϥΠόʔ
41. ࣄྫɿʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ ΦʔϓϯσʔλͰϦΞϧλΠϜʹ৘ใ͕ಧ ͚ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB  ௨ߦن੍ Φʔϓϯ σʔλ Φʔϓϯσʔλͱͯ͠ ௨ߦن੍৘ใΛެ։ ඞཁͳλΠϛϯάͰ ࠷৽৘ใ͕ಘΒΕΔ "'5&3 ߦ੓ υϥΠόʔ ຽؒاۀ ΧʔφϏ ։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δ੡඼ʹ ΦʔϓϯσʔλΛࡌͤͯ αʔϏεఏڙ ˞੩ԬࢢͰ͸ΧʔφϏͳͲͷػց͔Β ΦʔϓϯσʔλʹΞΫηεͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ"1*
    "QQMJDBUJPO
    1SPHSBNNJOH
    *OUFSGBDF
    ͱ͍͏࢓૊Έ Ͱσʔλ͕ެ։͞Ε͍ͯ·͢
42. Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ  ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ  ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ  ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB  ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ ͢Δ࡞ۀͷ෼ɺ ࢓ࣄ͕૿͑ΔͷͰ͸ʜʁ
43. ࣄྫɿ ৘ใެ։੥ٻͷܰݮʢ੩Ԭࢢʣ ੩ԬࢢͰ͸ɺ৘ใެ։੥ٻ݅਺ͷଟ͔ͬͨ৯඼ӴੜڐՄʹؔ͢ΔσʔλΛΦʔϓϯσʔλͱͯ͠ ެ։͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺۀ຿ෛ୲ͷܰݮʹ੒ޭ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB  ৯඼ӴੜӦۀؔ܎ڐՄʹ܎Δ৘ใެ։੥ٻ݅਺ʢ੩Ԭࢢʣ ग़యɿ7-&%ʮୈճσʔλӡ༻ݕ౼෼Պձʢ೥݄೔ʣʯ੩ԬࢢϓϨθϯࢿྉΛ΋ͱʹ࡞੒ ೥ؒ ݅ݮ ˣ ໿ ࣌ؒ ۀ຿࣌ؒ࡟ݮ
44. τʔλϧίετ͕ߴ͍ͷ͸ͲͪΒʁ ৘ใެ։੥ٻ 74
    Φʔϓϯσʔλ "
    ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ͠ͳ͍৔߹ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅͋ͨΓͷରԠ࣌ؒɿ ࣌ؒ ৬һͷ࣌څɿ  ԁ #
    ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽͨ͠৔߹ σʔλ࡞੒ରԠʢॳظίετʣɿ࣌ؒ σʔλߋ৽ରԠʢຖ݄ʣɿ ࣌ؒ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅͋ͨΓͷରԠ࣌ؒɿ ࣌ؒ ৬һͷ࣌څɿ  ԁ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB  ੩ԬࢢͷσʔλͱώΞϦϯά݁Ռ˞Λࢀߟʹɺඅ༻ΛγϛϡϨʔγϣϯ ˞ओʹରԠ࣌ؒʹؔͯ͠ɺ੩Ԭࢢ৬һ஍Ҭ৘ใԽΞυόΠβʔͷ৽ঙେีࢯʹ৘ใఏڙ௖͖·ͨ͠
45. γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ݁Ռɿ ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ͢Δ͜ͱͰରԠίετΛେ෯ʹ࡟ݮͰ͖Δ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB                                ೥໨ ೥໨ ೥໨ "
    ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ͠ͳ͍৔߹ #
    ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽͨ͠৔߹
46. Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ  ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ  ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ  ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB 
47. ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্͸ lڞ૑z
    ΛਐΊΔͨΊʹඞཁ nڞ૑ 
    $PDSFBUJPO nڞ૑ΛਐΊΔͨΊʹ͸ɺߦ੓ͱຽ͕ؒର౳ͳཱ৔Ͱ࿩͕ Ͱ͖Δඞཁ͕͋Δ nͦͷͨΊʹ͸ɺߦ੓ͱຽؒͷʮ৘ใͷඇରশੑʯ Λղফ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ n٬؍తͳσʔλΛڞ༗ͯ͠ɺಉ͡΋ͷΛݟͳ͕Β࿩͕Ͱ ͖Δͷ͕ϕετ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB 
48. Φʔϓϯσʔλ͸ ி಺ͰσʔλΛద੾ʹ؅ཧͰ͖ͯ ͍Δ͔Λࣔ͢໾ׂ΋͋Δ nͦ΋ͦ΋ி಺ͰσʔλΛ ͖ͪΜͱ؅ཧͰ͖͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨΒɺ ެ։͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ nෆਖ਼ͷ཈ࢭྗʹ΋ͳΔ͜ͱ͕ ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB 
49. Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ  ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ  ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ  ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB 
50.  4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
    -*/,%"5"  https://public.tableau.com/profile/sayoko.shimoyama.linkdata#!/vizhome/5946/sheet0
51.  4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
    -*/,%"5"  ޿ౡݝ Ґ ʢ࣏ࣗମʣ https://public.tableau.com/profile/sayoko.shimoyama.linkdata#!/vizhome/5946/sheet0
52.  4":0,0
    4)*.0:"."
    -*/,%"5"  ޿ౡݝ಺جૅ࣏ࣗମͷ Φʔϓϯσʔλਪਐঢ়گ ʢ೥݄೔࣌఺ʣ 26% 6/23
     https://public.tableau.com/shared/TDFG598YH?:display_count=y&:origin=viz_share_link औ૊ࡁ ະऔ૊
53. 
    ੓ࡦཱҊͷͨΊͷ σʔλ෼ੳͷྲྀΕ  4BZPLP
    4IJNPZBNB
    -JOL%BUB 
54. 2020/1/21 ҧ͍Λฉ͔ΕͨΒઆ໌Ͱ͖·͔͢ʁ σʔλ ৘ใ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 54
55. ʮσʔλʯͱ͸ʁ ISOٴͼJISن֨ʹΑΔఆٛ "A reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing.” ৘ใͷදݱͰ͋ͬͯɺ ఻ୡɺղऍ·ͨ͸ॲཧʹద͢ΔΑ͏ʹܗࣜԽ͞Εɺ ࠶౓৘ใͱͯ͠ղऍͰ͖Δ΋ͷ ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en ೔ຊ޻ۀن֨ʮX0001 ৘ใॲཧ༻ޠ-جຊ༻ޠʯhttp://kikakurui.com/x0/X0001-1994-01.html 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 55
56. ʮ৘ใʯͱ͸ʁ ISOٴͼJISن֨ʹΑΔఆٛ "Knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning. ࣄ࣮ɼࣄ৅ɼࣄ෺ɼաఔɼண૝ͳͲͷ ର৅෺ʹؔͯ͠஌Γಘͨ͜ͱͰ͋ͬͯɼ ֓೦ΛؚΈɼҰఆͷจ຺தͰಛఆͷҙຯΛ΋ͭ΋ͷɻ ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en ೔ຊ޻ۀن֨ʮX0001 ৘ใॲཧ༻ޠ-جຊ༻ޠʯhttp://kikakurui.com/x0/X0001-1994-01.html 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 56
57. 2020/1/21 σʔλ͸ɺ৘ใΛܗࣜԽͨ͠΋ͷ σʔλ ৘ใ ࠶౓৘ใͱͯ͠ղऍͰ͖Δ΋ͷ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 57
58. 2020/1/21 ਺ࣈ 40 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 58
59. 2020/1/21 ৘ใ ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴͰ 2018೥11݄23೔ʹ։࠵͞Εͨ σʔλ෼ੳϫʔΫγϣοϓͷ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺͸ ਓͰ͢ɻ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 59
60. 2020/1/21 σʔλ ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵೔ ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵৔ॴ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ ਺  ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ  Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 60
61. ৘ใ⇄σʔλ ૒ํ޲ʹม׵Մೳ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 61 ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵೔ ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵৔ॴ ࢀՃొ࿥ ऀ਺  ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ  ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴͰ 2018೥11݄23೔ʹ։࠵͞Εͨ σʔλ෼ੳϫʔΫγϣοϓͷ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺͸ ਓͰ͢ɻ
62. σʔλԽ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ଞͷσʔλͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤΒΕΔ 2020/1/21 ৽͍͠ʮ৘ใʯ͕ औΓग़ͤΔ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 62 30 35 40 24 29 34 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ԣ඿঎޻ձٞॴ ਆಸ઒ݝி ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ ϫʔΫγϣοϓผ ࢀՃऀ਺ͷൺֱ ౰೔ࢀՃऀ਺ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺ Qɿ֤ϫʔΫγϣοϓͷ ʮΩϟϯηϧ཰ʯ͸ Ͳͷ͘Β͍ʁ
63. σʔλ෼ੳ = σʔλ͔Β৘ใΛҾ͖ग़͢͜ͱ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 63 Ωϟϯηϧ཰    30 35 40 24 29 34 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ԣ඿঎޻ձٞॴ ਆಸ઒ݝி ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ ϫʔΫγϣοϓผ ࢀՃऀ਺ͷൺֱ ౰೔ࢀՃऀ਺ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺
64. σʔλ෼ੳ͸ ໨తΛఆΊ͓͔ͯͳ͍ͱҙຯ͕ͳ͍ ΠϕϯτӡӦऀ ͦͷଞͷਓ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 64 ͔࣍Β ఆһ ʙ ͘Β͍ଟΊʹਃࠐΛ ड͚෇͚ͯ΋ େৎ෉ͦ͏ʂ Կͷ໾ʹཱͭ ৘ใͳΜͩΖ͏ʁ ୭ʹͲΜͳ৘ใΛఏڙ͢Δͷ͔ɺ ୭ͷͲΜͳ՝୊Λղܾ͍ͨ͠ͷ͔ɺ σʔλ෼ੳΛ͢Δલʹઃఆ͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕ॏཁ
65. σʔλ෼ੳʹΑΔ੓ࡦ൓өͷྲྀΕ ԾઆΛ ཱͯΔ σʔλΛ ूΊΔ ෼ੳ ධՁ ੓ࡦཱҊ ࢦඪ࡞੒ ՝୊ ৽͍͠՝୊ͷݕ౼ Ծઆͷؒҧ͍Λૣظʹൃݟ ੓ࡦͷਫ਼౓Λ্͛Δ ਺஋໨ඪɺޮՌࢦඪ Λ࡞੒͢Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 65 ग़యݩɿ૯຿ল ஍ํެڞஂମʹ͓͚Δσʔλར׆༻ΨΠυϒοΫ 7FS
     ผఴࢿྉɽσʔλΞΧσϛʔʢσʔλ෼ੳฤʣͷڭࡐɾࢿྉ౳
    $$
    #:
    
    +1
66. σʔλ෼ੳʹΑΔ੓ࡦ൓өͷྲྀΕ ԾઆΛ ཱͯΔ σʔλΛ ूΊΔ ෼ੳ ධՁ ੓ࡦཱҊ ࢦඪ࡞੒ ՝୊ ৽͍͠՝୊ͷݕ౼ Ծઆͷؒҧ͍Λૣظʹൃݟ ੓ࡦͷਫ਼౓Λ্͛Δ ਺஋໨ඪɺ ޮՌࢦඪ Λ࡞੒͢Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 66 ग़యݩɿ૯຿ল ஍ํެڞஂମʹ͓͚Δσʔλར׆༻ΨΠυϒοΫ 7FS
     ผఴࢿྉɽσʔλΞΧσϛʔʢσʔλ෼ੳฤʣͷڭࡐɾࢿྉ౳
    $$
    #:
    
    +1 ཁ஫ҙ ϙΠϯτ
67. ޮՌࢦඪɿఆੑతޮՌΛͲ͏ଌΔʁ ΞϯέʔτͰฉ͘ ͱ͍͏ํ๏͕Α͘औΒΕΔ ࢦඪͷ1ͭʹ͢Δͷ͸OK Ξϯέʔτ݁ՌͷΈͰଌΔͱ ٬؍ੑʹ͚ܽΔ৔߹͕͋Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 67 ॅΈ΍͢͞ ·ͪͷ ʹ͗Θ͍ ࢠҭͯͷ ͠΍͢͞ உঁฏ౳ ࿝ޙͷ҆৺
68. 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 68 ϙΠϯτɿ ఆੑతޮՌ͸ ఆྔతޮՌʹ ෼ղͯ͠ ࢦඪԽ͢Δ ྫɿॅΈΑ͞ϥϯΩϯάʢ౦༸ܦࡁʣ
69. 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 69 ఆੑతޮՌ͸ఆྔతޮՌʹ෼ղͯ͠ࢦඪԽ͢Δ ྫɿॅΈΑ͞ϥϯΩϯάʢ౦༸ܦࡁʣར༻σʔλ ॅΈΑ͞ " ҆৺౓  ਓޱ౰ͨΓපӃɾҰൠ਍ྍॴපচ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿްੜ࿑ಇলʮҩྍࢪઃௐࠪʯ  ࿝೥ਓޱ౰ͨΓհޢ࿝ਓ෱ࢱɾอ݈ࢪઃఆһ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿްੜ࿑ಇলʮհޢαʔϏεࢪઃɾࣄۀॴௐࠪʯ  ʙࡀঁੑਓޱ౰ͨΓʙࡀࣇ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶٴͼੈଳ਺ʯ  ࢠͲ΋ҩྍඅॿ੒ʢର৅೥ྸɾॴಘ੍ݶͷ༗ແʣʢ೥݄ʣɿ౦༸ܦࡁௐ΂  ਓޱ౰ͨΓܐ๏൜ೝ஌݅਺ʢ೥ʣɿ֤౎ಓ෎ݝܯ࡯ௐ΂  ਓޱ౰ͨΓަ௨ࣄނ݅਺ʢ೥ʣɿަ௨ࣄނ૯߹෼ੳηϯλʔௐ΂ # རศ౓  ਓޱ౰ͨΓখചൢചֹʢ೥ʣɿ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ  ਓޱ౰ͨΓେن໛খചళళฮ໘ੵʢ೥ʣɿ౦༸ܦࡁʮશࠃେܕখചళ૯ཡʯ  Մॅ஍໘ੵ౰ͨΓҿ৯ྉ඼খചࣄۀॴ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ  ਓޱ౰ͨΓҿ৯ళ਺ʢ೥݄ʣ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ $ շద౓  సग़ೖਓޱൺ཰ʢʙ೥ʣɿ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶٴͼੈଳ਺ʯ  ਓޱ౰ͨΓࡒ੓ࡀग़ֹ ʢ೥౓ʣɿ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ  ਫಓྉۚʢ೥݄ʣɿ౦༸ܦࡁௐ΂  Ԛਫॲཧਓޱීٴ཰ʢ೥݄ʣɿࠃ౔ަ௨লɺ೶ྛਫ࢈লɺ؀ڥলௐ΂  ౎ࢢܭը۠Ҭਓޱ౰ͨΓ౎ࢢެԂ໘ੵʢ೥݄ʣɿࠃ౔ަ௨লʮ౎ࢢެԂ੔උਫ४ௐॻʯ  ؾީʢ݄ฏۉ࠷ߴɾ࠷௿ؾԹɺ೔র࣌ؒʣʢʙ೥ʣɿؾ৅ிʮϝογϡฏ೥஋σʔλʯ % ෋༟౓  ࡒ੓ྗࢦ਺ʢ೥౓ʣɿ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ  ࣄۀॴ౰ͨΓച্ߴʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ  ೲ੫ٛ຿ऀਓ౰ͨΓॴಘʢ೥ʣɿ૯຿লʮࢢொଜ੫՝੫ঢ়گ౳ͷௐʯ  ॅ୐౰ͨΓԆ΂চ໘ੵʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লʮॅ୐ɾ౔஍౷ܭௐࠪʯ  ࣋ͪՈੈଳൺ཰ʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লʮࠃ੎ௐࠪʯ  ॅ୐஍ฏۉ஍Ձʢ೥݄ʣɿࠃ౔ަ௨লʮ౎ಓ෎ݝ஍Ձௐࠪʯ
70. 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 70 ࢦඪ͸ఆظతʹݟ௚ͯ͠վળ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ॏཁ ྫɿॅΈΑ͞ϥϯΩϯάʢ౦༸ܦࡁʣར༻σʔλ ॅΈΑ͞ ҆৺౓  පӃɾҰൠ਍ྍॴපচ਺ʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ݱࡏ ްੜ࿑ಇলʮҩྍࢪઃௐࠪʯ  հޢ࿝ਓ෱ࢱࢪઃɾհޢ࿝ਓอ݈ࢪઃఆһ਺ʢࡀҎ্ਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ݱࡏ ްੜ࿑ಇলʮհޢαʔϏ εࢪઃɾࣄۀॴௐࠪʯ  ग़ੜ਺ʢʙࡀঁੑਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥ ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶʯ  ೥গਓޱʢʙࡀਓޱʣ૿ݮ཰ɿ೥݄೔×೥݄೔ ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶʯ རศ౓  খചۀ೥ؒ঎඼ൢചֹʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄ ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʢ঎ۀ౷ܭʣʯ  େܕখചళళฮ໘ੵʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄ ౦༸ܦࡁʮશࠃେܕখചళ૯ཡʯ  ҿ৯ྉ඼খചࣄۀॴ਺ʢՄॅ஍໘ੵ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʢ঎ۀ౷ ܭʣʯ շద౓  Ԛਫॲཧਓޱීٴ཰ɿ೥݄຤ ࠃ౔ަ௨লɾ೶ྛਫ࢈লɾ؀ڥলʮԚਫॲཧਓޱීٴঢ়گʯɺ֤౎ಓ෎ݝࢿྉ  ౎ࢢެԂ໘ੵʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄຤ ࠃ౔ަ௨লௐ΂  సೖɾసग़ਓޱൺ཰ɿʙ೥ ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶʯ  ৽ઃॅ୐ண޻ށ਺ʢੈଳ౰ͨΓʣɿʙ೥౓ ࠃ౔ަ௨লʮݐஙண޻౷ܭௐࠪʯ ෋༟౓  ࡒ੓ྗࢦ਺ɿ೥౓ ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ  ஍ํ੫ऩೖֹʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥౓ ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ  ՝੫ର৅ॴಘֹʢೲ੫ٛ຿ऀਓ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥ ૯຿লʮࢢொଜ੫՝੫ঢ়گ౳ͷௐʯ ॅډਫ४ ॆ࣮౓  ॅ୐Ԇ΂চ໘ੵʢॅ୐౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ ૯຿লʮॅ୐ɾ౔஍౷ܭௐࠪʯ  ࣋ͪՈੈଳൺ཰ɿ೥݄೔ ૯຿লʮࠃ੎ௐࠪʯ
71. ࢦඪ࡞੒ͷεςοϓ ཁૉʹ෼ղ σʔλͱ ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ σʔλΛ ूΊΔ ࢦඪΛܭ ࢉ͢Δ ϏδϡΞ ϥΠζ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 71 ߏ੒ཁૉͱͯ͠ ߟ͑ΒΕΔ΋ͷ Λྻڍͯ͠ πϦʔߏ଄ʹ ͳΔΑ͏ʹ ੔ཧ͢Δ ͦΕͧΕͷߏ੒ ཁૉΛଌΔͨΊ ʹͲͷΑ͏ͳ σʔλ͕ඞཁ͔ ߟ͑Δ 
    Ͱݕ౼ͨ͠ σʔλ͕ ࣮ࡍʹ͋Δ͔ ୳ͯ͠ऩू͢Δ ऩूͨ͠σʔλ Λ༻͍ͯɺ ൺֱର৅ผʹ ࢦඪΛܭࢉ͢Δ ࢉग़ͨ͠ࢦඪ஋ Λൺֱ͠΍͘͢ ͢ΔͨΊʹ ՄࢹԽ͢Δ
72. ࢦඪઃܭϫʔΫγϣοϓʹ͓͚Δ ςʔϚͷઃఆྫ ԣ඿ࢢ۠ͷ ʮॅΈ΍͢͞ʯ Λൺֱ͢Δ ࢦඪΛ࡞Ζ͏  4":0,0
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74. 4UFQ
    σʔλͱ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ 4UFQͰڍ֤͛ͨཁૉ͸ɺͲΜͳσʔλͰଌΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͦ͏͔ ڍ͛ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏  4":0,0
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75. 4UFQ
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80. σʔλ෼ੳͷྲྀΕશମΛ࣮ࡍʹମݧ͍ͨ͠ํʹΦεεϝ σʔλΞΧσϛʔ nITͰ஍Ҭ՝୊ͷղܾΛਐΊΔஂମʮCode for Japanʯ͕࣮ࢪ͢Δɺߦ੓৬һ޲͚σʔλ ར׆༻ݚमϓϩάϥϜ n2017೥౓ͷ૯຿লࣄۀʹ͓͍ͯΧϦΩϡϥϜ։ൃΛ࣮ࢪ n͜Ε·Ͱʹ60Ҏ্ͷ࣏ࣗମ͕ࢀՃ nैདྷͷ࠲ֶʹΑΔݚमͱ͸ҟͳΓɺ৬һ͕ීஈͷۀ຿Ͱ࢖༻͍ͯ͠ΔσʔλΛ༻͍ͯɺ ੓ࡦͷཱҊ΍ݕূΛ͓͜ͳ͏͜ͱ͕࠷େͷಛ௃ nσʔλ෼ੳʹΑΔ੓ࡦ൓өͷ7stepͷྲྀΕΛɺ൒೔º4೔ؒͷݚमͰशಘ͢Δ ৄࡉ͸ͪ͜ΒˠσʔλΞΧσϛʔݚڀձ IUUQTEBDPEFKBQBOPSH ᶃԾઆ ݱঢ়෼ੳ ᶄର৅ σʔλ ֬ೝ ᶅ෼ੳ ख๏ݕ౼ ᶆσʔλ ෼ੳ ᶇ ධՁ ᶈ ੓ࡦݕ౼ ᶉ ޮՌࢦඪ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 80
81. 
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83. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 83
84. σʔλ͸ੑ࣭Ͱେ͖͘2ͭʹ෼͚ΒΕΔ ఆྔσʔλ n਺஋ͰେখΛද͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δσʔλ n٬؍ੑ͕ߴ͍ ʢ୭͕ݟͯ΋େମಉ͡Α͏ʹղऍͰ͖Δʣ nϚΫϩͳࢹ఺Ͱͷ෼ੳʹ༻͍Δ ʢௗͷ໨ʣ ఆੑσʔλ n਺஋ͰදݱͰ͖ͳ͍จষͳͲͷσʔλ nओ؍ੑ͕ߴ͍ ʢղऍ͸ͦͷਓͷ࣋ͭई౓ʹҕͶΒΕΔʣ nϛΫϩͳࢹ఺Ͱͷ෼ੳʹ༻͍Δ ʢ஬ͷ໨ʣ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 84
85. ఆྔσʔλͷྫɿ Ξϯέʔτͷબ୒߲໨ ๭ࢢʹ͓͚Δߦ੓৬һ޲͚σʔλ׆༻ݚमͷΞϯέʔτΑΓ ͋ͳͨ͸ɺ೔ʑͷۀ຿ͷதͰɺσʔλΛ׆༻ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱࢥ͍·͔͢ʁ ̍ɽे෼ʹग़དྷ͍ͯΔ ̎ɽग़དྷ͍ͯΔ ̏ɽ͋·Γग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍ ̐ɽ·ͬͨ͘ग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍ ̍ɽे෼ʹग़དྷ͍ͯΔ  ̎ɽग़དྷ͍ͯΔ  ̏ɽ͋·Γग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍  ̐ɽ·ͬͨ͘ग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍  ूܭͯ͠਺஋ԽͰ͖Δ 
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86. ఆྔσʔλͷ࢖͍Ͳ͜Ζ͸ ʮ၆ᛌʯ n਺஋Ͱൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺঢ়ଶΛ၆ᛌతʹ೺ѲͰ͖Δ n౷Ұ͞Εͨج४ͰൺֱͰ͖Δ શडߨऀͷ  ͕೔ৗͷ ۀ຿ͰσʔλΛ׆༻Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ 2
    ͋ͳͨ͸ɺ೔ʑͷۀ຿ͷதͰɺ σʔλΛ׆༻ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱࢥ͍·͔͢ʁ ݚमͷ ࣮ࢪ ݚम࣮ࢪલ શडߨऀͷ  ͕೔ৗͷ ۀ຿ͰσʔλΛ׆༻Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ ݚम࣮ࢪ೥ޙ 2
    ͋ͳͨ͸ɺ೔ʑͷۀ຿ͷதͰɺ σʔλΛ׆༻ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱࢥ͍·͔͢ʁ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 86
87. ఆੑσʔλͷྫɿ Ξϯέʔτͷࣗ༝هड़߲໨ ๭ࢢʹ͓͚Δߦ੓৬һ޲͚σʔλ׆༻ݚमͷΞϯέʔτΑΓ σʔλ׆༻ʹ͍ͭͯɺ՝୊౳͕͋Ε͹ڭ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞ɻʢࣗ༝هड़ʣ ਺஋ԽͰ͖ͳ͍ ʹఆੑσʔλ σʔλऩूɺ׆༻ɺఏڙͷϊ΢ϋ΢ෆ଍ ݱࡏͷۀ຿಺༰্ɺ͋·Γଟ͘ͷσʔλΛѻΘͳ͍ͨΊɺ׆༻ํ๏ʹ೰ΜͰ͍Δ Φʔϓϯσʔλͷ֓೦͕શ͘ਁಁ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɺ࢓ࣄ΋σʔλ΋λςׂΓ ̥̘౳ɺϋʔυɾιϑτ؀ڥ͕ෆ଍͍ͯ͠Δʢॲཧೳྗ౳ʣ ීஈͷۀ຿͔Β׆༻ͨ͠ޙͷΠϝʔδ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ σʔλΛݟͯԿ͔Λײ͡ͱΔɺ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱʹۤखҙ͕ࣝ͋Γ׆༻·ͰࢸΒͳ͍ɺηϯεʁ׳Εʁ ະ஌ͷ༗ޮ׆༻͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ி಺σʔλ͕ଘࡏ͢ΔͱࢥΘΕΔ ɾɾɾ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 87
88. ఆੑσʔλͷ࢖͍Ͳ͜Ζ͸ ʮਂ۷Γʯ nఆྔσʔλΑΓ΋৘ใྔ͸ଟ͍ͨΊɺݸʑͷঢ়ଶΛΑΓਂ۷Γͯ͠೺ѲͰ͖Δ n࣍ͷΞΫγϣϯΛݕ౼͢Δ্Ͱͷ͕ࣔࠦಘΒΕΔ σʔλऩूɺ׆༻ɺఏڙͷϊ΢ϋ΢ෆ଍ ݱࡏͷۀ຿಺༰্ɺ͋·Γଟ͘ͷσʔλΛѻΘͳ͍ ͨΊɺ׆༻ํ๏ʹ೰ΜͰ͍Δ Φʔϓϯσʔλͷ֓೦͕શ͘ਁಁ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɺ࢓ࣄ ΋σʔλ΋λςׂΓ ̥̘౳ɺϋʔυɾιϑτ؀ڥ͕ෆ଍͍ͯ͠Δʢॲཧ ೳྗ౳ʣ ීஈͷۀ຿͔Β׆༻ͨ͠ޙͷΠϝʔδ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ σʔλΛݟͯԿ͔Λײ͡ͱΔɺ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱʹۤख ҙ͕ࣝ͋Γ׆༻·ͰࢸΒͳ͍ɺηϯεʁ׳Εʁ ະ஌ͷ༗ޮ׆༻͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ி಺σʔλ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ ͱࢥΘΕΔ ɾɾɾ 2
    σʔλ׆༻ʹ͍ͭͯɺ՝୊౳͕͋Ε͹ڭ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞ɻ ෼ྨɾ ੔ཧ σʔλΛࣗ༝ʹ࢖͑Δ؀ڥ͕ ੔͍ͬͯͳ͍ ࣗ෼ͷۀ຿ͱ݁ͼ෇͚ͯ ߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕ࠔ೉ σʔλΛ࢖͏͜ͱʹର͢Δ യવͱͨۤ͠खײ͕֮͋Δ ݸผͷΠϯλϏϡʔ౳ͰΑΓঢ়گ Λਂ͘೺Ѳ ϐοΫΞοϓ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 88
89. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 89
90. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 90
91. ૬ؔͱ͸ ೋͭͷࣄ৅͕ີ઀ʹ͔͔ΘΓ߹͍ɺҰํ͕มԽ͢Ε͹ଞํ΋มԽ͢ΔΑ͏ͳؔ܎ɻ ෛͷ૬ؔ ਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ Ұํͷ஋͕େ͖͘ͳΔͱɺ ΋͏Ұํͷ஋΋େ͖͘ͳΔ Ұํͷ஋͕େ͖͘ͳΔͱɺ ΋͏Ұํͷ஋͸খ͘͞ͳΔ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 91
92. ૬ؔ≠ҼՌؔ܎ ྫʣΞΠεΫϦʔϜͷചΓ্͛ͱనࢮऀͷ਺ʹ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ ΞΠε͕ചΕΔ ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ నࢮऀ͕૿͑Δ ؾԹͷ্ঢ ڞ௨ཁҼ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 92 ؾԹ্͕͕Δ ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ ΞΠε͕ചΕΔ ؾԹ্͕͕Δ ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ ʢւ΍઒Ͱӭ͙ਓ͕ ૿͑ͯʣ నࢮऀ͕૿͑Δ
93. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶃɿ ڞ௨ͷཁҼ͕͋Δʢަབྷʣ nC͕AͱBʹӨڹΛ༩͍͑ͯΔঢ়ଶ nAͱBͷؒʹ௚઀తͳؔ܎ੑ͸ͳ͍ A B C 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 93
94. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶃɿ ڞ௨ͷཁҼ͕͋Δʢަབྷʣ nྫʣʮίʔώʔΛҿΉྔʯͱʮ৺ےߎ࠹ͷൃ঱཰ʯʹਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ 
    
        2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 94 ίʔώʔΛΑ͘ҿΉਓͰ λόίΛٵ͏ਓ͕ଟ͔ͬͨ ٤Ԏ͕৺ےߎ࠹ൃ঱ͷ ཁҼʹͳ͍ͬͯͨ
95. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶄɿ ҼՌؔ܎ͷํ޲͕ٯ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 95 n"ʹΑͬͯ#͕Ҿ͖ى͜͞ΕͨͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ#ʹΑͬͯ"͕Ҿ͖ى͜͞Εͨ n૬ؔ෼ੳͰ͸࣌ؒతͳલޙؔ܎͕ݟ͑ͳ͍ͨΊɺؾ͖ͮʹ͍͘ A B
96. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶄɿ ҼՌؔ܎ͷํ޲͕ٯ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 96 nྫʣʮࣄނͷൃੜ݅਺ʯͱʮ஫ҙשىͷ؃൘ͷઃஔ਺ʯʹ ਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ 
     
    
97. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶅɿ બ୒όΠΞε nAͱBͷ෼ੳର৅σʔλ͕ҼՌͷ߹ྲྀ఺Cʹ͓͍ͯɺબൈʗ૚ผʗௐ੔͞Εͯ ͠·͍ͬͯΔӨڹͰɺҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍ͷʹ૬͕ؔੜͯ͡͠·͏έʔε A B C 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 97
98. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶅɿ બ୒όΠΞε nྫʣ࣮ٕࢼݧͷ఺਺ͱֶྗࢼݧͷ఺਺ͷ߹ܭ఺Ͱ߹൱͕ܾ·Δࢼݧʹ͓͍ͯɺ ߹֨ऀͷʮ࣮ٕࢼݧͷ఺਺ʯͱʮֶྗࢼݧͷ఺਺ʯʹෛͷ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ 
     
       2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 98
99. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶆɿ શ͘ͷۮવ nશ͘Կͷؔ܎΋ͳ͍AͱBͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɺۮવ૬͕ؔੜͯ͡͠·͏έʔε A B 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 99
100. ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶆɿ શ͘ͷۮવ nྫʣʮϓʔϧʹ͓͚Δనࢮऀ਺ʯͱʮχίϥεɾέΠδͷөըग़ԋ਺ʯʹਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔ ͋ͬͨ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 100 http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious- correlations
101. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ →૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 101
102. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ →૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 102
103. Before/Afterσʔλ͚ͩͰ ҼՌؔ܎Λਪఆ͢Δͷ͸ࠔ೉ n࣮ݧࣨ಺ͳΒɺӨڹΛٴ΅͢Մೳੑͷ͋ΔཁૉΛഉআ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ ৚݅ΛίϯτϩʔϧͰ͖Δ n͔͠͠ɺ࣮ࣾձͰ͸ಛఆͷཁૉΛഉআ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ࠔ೉ n#FGPSF"GUFSͷσʔλ͚ͩͰ͸ɺࢪࡦʹΑͬͯ՝୊͕վળ͞Ε͔ͨ͸ ෼͔Βͳ͍ʢଞͷཁҼͷՄೳੑΛഉআͰ͖ͳ͍ʣ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 103 ࢪࡦ࣮ࢪલ ࢪࡦ࣮ࢪޙ ࢪࡦͷ ࣮ࢪ ՝୊ͷ վળ ʁ
104. ϥϯμϜൺֱԽࢼݧ (Randomized Controlled Trial: RCT) nର৅ΛϥϯμϜʹάϧʔϓ෼͚ͯ͠ࢦඪΛܭଌ͠ൺֱ 1. ࢪࡦΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δάϧʔϓʢॲஔ܈ʣ 2. ࢪࡦΛ࣮ࢪ͠ͳ͍άϧʔϓʢରর܈ʣ nϥϯμϜɾάϧʔϐϯάʹΑͬͯଞͷཁҼʹΑΔӨڹΛഉআ ର৅ ॲஔ܈ ରর܈ ࢦඪΛܭଌ ࢦඪΛܭଌ ࢪࡦޮՌ ࠩΛൺֱ ϥϯμϜʢແ࡞ҝʣ ʹάϧʔϐϯά 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 104
105. ΤϏσϯεͷڧ͞ͷ֊૚ nʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘ҩྍ (Evidence-Based Medicine) ʯʹ ୺Λൃͨ͠ΤϏσϯεͷ֊૚ (Ϩϕϧ) ͕ࣾձՊֶʹ΋Ԡ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ nϨϕϧ্͕͕Δ΄ͲΑΓਖ਼֬ʹҼՌؔ܎ΛਪఆͰ͖Δͱݟͳ͞ΕΔ ग़యɿਖ਼໦๎໵ɺ௡୩تҰ࿠ʢʣʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘ҩྍʢ&.#ͷܥේͱํ޲ੑɿอ݈ ҩྍධՁʹՌͨ͢ίΫϥϯڞಉܭըͷ໾ׂͱະདྷʣʯʰ೔ຊධՁݚڀ ୈרୈ߸ʱQQ 4  b a 1b 1a ෳ਺ͷϥϯμϜԽൺֱࢼݧͷϝλɾΞφϦγε গͳ͘ͱ΋̍ͭͷϥϯμϜԽൺֱࢼݧ গͳ͘ͱ΋̍ͭͷඇϥϯμϜԽൺֱࢼݧ গͳ͘ͱ΋̍ͭͷ४࣮ݧతݚڀ ඇ࣮ݧతݚڀɺهड़తݚڀ ઐ໳Ոͷใࠂ΍ҙݟɺݖҖऀͷܦݧ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 105
106. ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ n༿ࢁொ͸2008೥ɺ೔ຊͰ3൪໨ʹʮθϩɾ΢ΣΠετ੓ࡦʯʢ͝ΈͷపఈతͳࢿݯԽɾݮྔԽʣΛಋೖ nࢿݯ͝Έͷऩूڌ఺Ͱ͋Δࢿݯεςʔγϣϯͷ؅ཧ͸ɺθϩɾ΢ΣΠετͷୡ੒ʹ޲͚ͨॏཁࢪࡦ nࢿݯεςʔγϣϯͰͷ์ஔ͝Έ͕ݮΒͳ͍͜ͱʹொɾॅຽ͕಄Λ೰·͍ͤͯͨ →ࢪࡦ࣮ݧΛ࣮ࢪ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 106 ϞχλϦϯάର৅ εςʔγϣϯ  ରࡦɿνϥγ഑෍  ରࡦɿ؃൘ܝࡌ  ରࡦͳ͠  ࣄલϞχλϦϯά ʹج͖ͮϥϯμϜ ʹάϧʔϓԽ ࠩ͸ແ͔ͬͨ ʢޮՌͳ͠ʣ ଟ͘ ࡟ݮͰ͖ͨ ʢ࡟ݮޮՌ͋Γʣ ϞχλϦϯά Λ࣮ࢪ͠ɺ ݁ՌΛൺֱ ग़యɿ੓ࡦͷޮՌΛͲ͏ଌఆ͢Δ͔ʁɿւ֎ʹ͓͚ΔʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘੓ࡦʯͷ࠷৽ಈ޲ IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMIUNM શொల։
107. ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 107 ग़యɿʮΤϏσϯεΛ੓ࡦʹͲ͏࢖͏͔ ΠΪϦεͷಈ޲ͱ೔ຊ΁ͷద༻ࣄྫ͔Βͷࣔࠦʯ
     খྛ༱ฏ
      IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMQEG
108. ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 108 ग़యɿʮΤϏσϯεΛ੓ࡦʹͲ͏࢖͏͔ ΠΪϦεͷಈ޲ͱ೔ຊ΁ͷద༻ࣄྫ͔Βͷࣔࠦʯ
     খྛ༱ฏ
      IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMQEG
109. ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 109 ग़యɿʮΤϏσϯεΛ੓ࡦʹͲ͏࢖͏͔ ΠΪϦεͷಈ޲ͱ೔ຊ΁ͷద༻ࣄྫ͔Βͷࣔࠦʯ
     খྛ༱ฏ
      IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMQEG
110. RCT͕࣮ࢪͰ͖ͳ͍৔߹ɺ ࣭ͷߴ͍ΤϏσϯεΛಘΔ͜ͱ͸ෆՄೳʁ n౴͑͸ʮNoʯ nϥϯμϜൺֱԽࢼݧ (RCT) Λߦͳͬͨͷͱಉ༷ͷঢ়گͷ σʔλ͕ೖखͰ͖Ε͹Մೳ nطଘͷߦ੓σʔλ͕࢖͑Δ৔߹͕͋Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 110
111. ྫʣΧϦϑΥϧχΞभʹ͓͚Δ ిྗফඅྔͷ෼ੳ ग़యɿ੓ࡦͷޮՌΛͲ͏ଌఆ͢Δ͔ʁɿւ֎ʹ͓͚ΔʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘੓ࡦʯͷ࠷৽ಈ޲ IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMIUNM n෼ੳͷ໨తɿ ʮిྗͷྉۚΛ্͛Δͱɺফඅऀ͕Ͳͷ͘Β͍ͷྔΛઅి͢Δͷ͔஌Γ͍ͨ ʯ n෼ੳ࣮ࢪऀɿγΧΰେֶެڞ੓ࡦେֶӃ ҏ౻ެҰ࿕ࢯ nڠྗػؔɿ CaIifornia Energy Commission (੓෎), SCE, SDG&E (ిྗձࣾ) nར༻σʔλɿੈଳ͝ͱͷ݄ؒిྗফඅσʔλ10೥෼ pΧϦϑΥϧχΞभͷ͋Δ౎ࢢͰ͸ೆ๺Ͱ ిྗձ͕ࣾҟͳΔ p྆ํͷిྗձࣾͷిྗྉ͕ۚಉ༷ʹ มԽ͍ͯͨ࣌͠ظͱɺೆ෦͚ͩ ిྗྉ্͕͕ۚͬͨ࣌ظ͕͋Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 111
112. ྫʣΧϦϑΥϧχΞभʹ͓͚Δ ిྗফඅྔͷ෼ੳ ྆ํͷిྗձࣾͷిྗྉ͕ۚಉ༷ʹมԽ͍ͯͨ࣌͠ظͱൺֱ͢Δͱɺೆ෦Ͱిྗྉ্͕͕ۚͬͨ ࣌ظͷిྗফඅྔ͸12-13%ݮগ͍ͯͨ͠ →ిྗྉ্͕͕ۚΔͱফඅऀ͸અి͢Δ ྆஍ҬͰྉ͕ۚಉ༷ͩͬͨ࣌ظ ೆ෦͚ͩྉ্͕͕ۚͬͨ࣌ظ ๺෦ ೆ෦ ๺෦ ೆ෦ Koichiro Ito, American Economic Review 2014, 104(2): 537–563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.2.537 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 112
113. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ →૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ →ΤϏσϯεʹ΋࣭ͷϨϕϧ͕ଘࡏ͢ΔͨΊɺ ͨͩσʔλΛ͚ࣔͩ͢Ͱ͸Պֶతࠜڌͱͯ͠ऑ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 2020/1/21 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 113
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