Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide: The iPaper Interactive Paper Framework

Presentation given at USI research seminar, Faculty of Informatics, University of Lugano.

Transcript

1. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide: The iPaper Interactive Paper Framework Beat Signer Institute for Information Systems, ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich, Switzerland http://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner
2. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 2 The Paperless Office (1975)
3. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 3 The "Paperless Office" (2003)
4. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 4 The Myth of the Paperless Office  For decades, people have predicted the office of the future as a paperless office  documents generated, published and distributed electronically  documents read electronically  What has happened to this imminent revolution?
5. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 5 Affordances of Paper  The physical properties of an object determine how people use that object  Properties of paper  light, flexible, robust, porous, opaque, transparent, …  Human actions  grasping, folding, tearing, carrying, writing on, …  Paper supports forms of collaboration and interaction difficult to mimic in the digital world
6. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch E-Paper versus Digitally Augmented Paper Electronic Paper (E-Paper) Digitally Augmented Paper
7. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Outline  Motivation  Interactive paper framework (iPaper)  Cross-media link server (iServer)  Interactive paper applications  functionality  authoring  Future work
8. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Augmented Paper Projects Digital Desk, Wellner, 1991 Listen Reader, Back et al., 2001 Audio Notebook, Stifelman et al., 2001 Books with Voices Klemmer et al., 2003 ButterflyNet, Yeh et al., 2005
9. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 9 Digital Pen and Paper  Developed by Anoto  Different pen manufacturers  Logitech, Maxel, Nokia, ...  Pattern space  60 million km2
10. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Problems of Existing Applications  Many projects focus on the input device, paper, printing and other hardware technologies rather than on the data integration and information management aspects  isolated solutions  The linking of paper tends to be based on physical rather than information-centric concepts  difficult to integrate new input / output devices 10
11. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Our Approach  General interactive framework  different forms of paper-based interactions (enhanced reading, enhanced writing, …)  rapid prototyping as well as large scale publishing  integration of new types of resources and services  integration of new input devices  The key to a highly integrated interactive paper solution lies in the introduction of a platform for general cross-media information management 11
12. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Active Areas and Virtual Page Layers image video clip
13. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch iPaper Architecture
14. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch iServer Metamodel and Resource Plug-ins iPaper Shape Page Application Database DB Object Data/Metadata Query Movie Clips Time Span / Spatial Info Movie Clip HTML Documents XPointer XHTML Document Selectors Entities Resources link
15. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch iServer layer |Layers| layer Active Layers resource Containers activeComponent Active Com- ponents medium Media medium Movies medium Images medium Webpages OnLayer Contains (1,1) (1,1) (0,*) (0,*) document Documents (0,*) shape Shapes partition (2,*) (0,*) rectangle Rectangles ellipse Ellipses polygon Polygons circle Circles complexShape Complex Shapes HasShapes page Pages OnPage Contains Pages (0,*) (1,1) (1,1) (0,*) Resources parameter Preferences link Links user Users group Groups individual Individuals HasMembers HasTarget (0,*) (0,*) (0,*) (0,*) (0,*) (0,*) (0,*) (1,*) (0,*) (0,*) (1,1) (0,*) partition partition (1,*) CreatedBy RefersTo Has Preferences parameter Properties selector Selectors resource Resources HasSource (0,*) AccessibleTo InaccessibleTo (0,*) (0,*) entity Entities HasProperties Users Plug-ins Links (0,*) Layers iPAPER iSERVER
16. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Active Content  Execute code (services) on the client and server side Active Component A Active Component B Active Component C iServer AC Manager Server Request Sender Active Component Stub B AC Names ACS Manager Client Device AC Names Client HTTP
17. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Active Components Button Slider Slider2D DateSelector Browser MapSelector Rating Capture CaptureAndSpeak Image Sound Movie SQLClient XCMRequest ClientCtrlRequest PaperPointControl PaperPointAnnot ...
18. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Active Components … <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <iserver> <activeComponent id="s1a" creator="beat"> <name>Show slide 1</name> <properties> <parameter> <key>org.ximtec.iserver.ac:command</key> <value>showSlide</value> </parameter> <parameter> <key>org.ximtec.iserver.ac:slide</key> <value>1</value> </parameter> </properties> <identifier>PAPERPOINT_CONTROL</identifier> </activeComponent> ... </iserver> PAPERPOINT_CONTROL Show slide 1 command showSlide slide 1
19. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch PaperPoint Presentation Tool
20. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch XML-Based Authoring ... <document id="handout" creator="beat"> <name>Slide Handout</name> <id>h1</id> <size> <width>210</width> <height>297</height> </size> <content>handout.pdf</content> </document> <page id="p1" creator="beat" document="h1"> <name>Page 1, Slide Controller</name> <number>1</number> </page> ... <rectangle id="fs" creator="beat" layer="default" resource="p1"> <name>First Slide</name> <upperLeft> <point><x>24</x><y>12</y></point> </upperLeft> <size> <width>25</width><height>8</height> </size> </rectangle> ... ... <activeComponent id="fsa" creator="beat"> <name>First slide action</name> <properties> <parameter> <key>org.ximtec.iserver.ac:command</key> <value>firstSlide</value> </parameter> </properties> <identifier>PAPERPOINT_CONTROL</identifier> </activeComponent> ... <link id="fsl" creator="beat" sources="fs" targets="fsa"> <name>Show the first slide</name> </link> ...
21. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Digital Link Authoring Tool
22. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch PaperPoint Architecture
23. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 23 Edinburgh Fringe Festival  World's largest international arts festival  4 weeks  ~1700 events  ~27000 performances
24. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 24 EdFest Components
25. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch 25 EdFest Booklet
26. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Content Publishing Framework XCM content publishing XML data of festival venues and events iServer cross-media link server • paper link data • active areas on paper • layers • digital resources • user model import publish PDF XML link definition data iPublish publishing framework Structure Style XSL CSS
27. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Print-n-Link  Citations build the basis for a scientific web of publications  Use digital services to search / retrieve cited publications  Automatic authoring
28. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Print-n-Link Architecture Display Printer Driver Document DB iPAPER iDOC Publish Document Pattern Semantic Mapper Citation Analyser Citation Retrieval Document Lookup Citation DB Print-n-Link Engine iSERVER Active Content Link DB iPaper Plug-in Publish Positions and Active Content Definition Publish Citations Desktop Print (x,y) Coordinates Text-to- Speech Web Search Services iPaper Client Print-n-Link: Weaving the Paper Web Moira C. Norrie Dept. of Computer Science ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich, Switzerland norrie@inf.ethz.ch Beat Signer Dept. of Computer Science ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich, Switzerland signer@inf.ethz.ch Nadir Weibel Dept. of Computer Science ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich, Switzerland weibel@inf.ethz.ch ABSTRACT Citations form the basis for a web of scientific publications. Search engines, embedded hyperlinks and digital libraries all simplify the task of finding publications of interest on the web and navigating to cited publications or web sites. However the actual reading of publications often takes place on paper and frequently on the move. We present a system Print-n-Link that uses technologies for interactive paper to enhance the reading process by enabling users to access dig- ital information and/or searches for cited documents from a printed version of a publication using a digital pen for inter- action. A special virtual printer driver automatically gener- ates links from paper to digital services during the printing process based on an analysis of PDF documents. Depend- ing on the user setting and interaction gesture, the system may retrieve metadata about the citation and inform the user through an audio channel or directly display the cited document on the user’s screen. Categories and Subject Descriptors D.2.11 [ Software Engineering ]: Software Architectures; H.4.m [ Information Systems Applications ]: Miscella- neous; H.5.m [ Information Interfaces and Presenta- tion ]: Miscellaneous General Terms Design, Algorithms, Experimentation Keywords Interactive paper, document integration, digital library, ci- tation management 1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays we are all familiar with the notion of hyperlinks as a means of creating interconnected document spaces that can be easily searched and navigated with the help of search Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. DocEng’06, October 10–13, 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Copyright 2006 ACM 1-59593-515-0/06/0010 ...$5.00. engines and web browsers. The ease with which we can not only find documents on the web, but also follow links to related documents is considered to be one of the main advantages of working with digital documents as opposed to paper equivalents. Y et many studies have shown that paper is still the preferred med ium when it comes to reading documents for reasons of comfort, mobility and also ease of annotation. In this paper, we show how emerging technologies for in- teractive paper enable a bridge to be built between paper and digital document spaces that allows users to travel back and forth between the two using the medium most appropri- ate to the current task and sit uation. Users can print doc- uments for reading and, by activating hyperlinks on paper with a digital pen, they can not only access digital informa- tion about related documents, but also initiate web searches to retrieve copies of those documents. The retrieved docu- mentsmay in turn be printed for reading with automatically generated embedded hyperlinks on the paper. Mobility is supported by providing disconnected userson the move with audio information about related documents and the option of adding them to a request list to be processed when recon- nected. As an application, we take the everyday academic task of reading scientific publications. Whether the reading activ- ity is for the purpose of knowledge discovery or reviewing, readers regularly look up citations to other publications by flicking to the reference list at the back of the paper. In some cases, a search for the cited publication may follow and, if found, often it is printed and added to a pile of documentsto be read. Citationsare the established meansof providing the links that form the basis of the scientific web of publications that spans the digital and paper worlds. Just as citations within digital documents can be used to automatically gen- erate hyperlinks to cited documents, we can automatically generate links within paper documents through an analysis of the PDF file when the document is printed. Section 2 presents a more detailed look at the activity of reading scientific publications and a discussion of related work. Section 3 describes the digital pen and paper tech- nologies and how these can be used to support interaction between paper and digital services. We then present the general functionality of our enhanced reading system in Sec- tion 4 and the overall architecture in Section 5. Details of the virtual printer component used to analyse PDF docu- ments for automatic link generation as well as printing are given in Section 6. Concluding remarks follow in Section 7. Interactive Paper Architecture Printing Semantic Mapper Document Retrieval
29. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Interactive Paper Applications  Enhanced Reading  interactive paper maps  interactive festival brochures  educational materials  auction brochures  scientific publications  …  Enhanced Writing  photo album  researcher's notebook  mammography  search system  …  Paper-Based Interfaces  PaperPoint  digital libraries  video analysis tool  educational games  …  Artists' Installations  Lost Cosmonaut  Generosa Enterprise  Interactive TableTops
30. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Current Projects  PaperWorks (FP6-516895)  Interweaving Paper and Digital Documents  King's College London, Acreo AB, Anoto, ETH Zurich, Arjowiggins SAS, Brunel University, Malmo University, Pearson Education  DELOS  Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries  Paper-based user interfaces for image retrieval (collaboration with Heiko Schuldt, University of Basel)
31. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Future Work  Design guidelines for interactive paper interfaces  functionalty (active components) and design  Cross-media authoring and publishing  analysis of existing publishing processes (Pearson)  general document model for mapping between printed and digital document instances  Extensions of iServer  collaborative cross-media information sharing  new resource plug-ins
32. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Mapping between Printed and Digital Instances static physical rendering dynamic logical document
33. USI Seminar, May 30, 2007 Beat Signer, signer@inf.ethz.ch Conclusions  Interactive paper framework (iPaper)  information-centric approach supports different technologies, functionalities and applications  rapid prototyping (reusable active components)  Extensible platform for cross-media information management (iServer)  Cross-media authoring / publishing tools  manual, content-driven and automatic link authoring