Web API に秩序を与える Protocol Buffers / Protocol Buffers for Web API #builderscon

builderscon tokyo 2019 で「Web API に秩序を与える Protocol Buffers」というタイトルで発表した資料です。

Protocol Buffers を利用して Web API の Schema 管理をするという観点で、豊富な実例とともにその手法やメリット・デメリットについて話しました。

cf. https://builderscon.io

追記: 61ページ目で Protocol Buffers を利用する際の注意点として後方互換性が壊れるケースの話をしましたが、自分たちが経験したのは gRPC + grpc-gateway 構成特有のケースだったので記述を修正しました。

Transcript

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   30.Aug.2019 - Nao Minami (@south37) Wantedly, Inc.
   builderscon tokyo 2019
   

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2. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
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3. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
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10. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
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11. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    

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12. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
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14. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    service BookService {
    rpc getBook (getBookRequest) returns (Book) {
    option (google.api.http) = {
    get: "/api/books/{id}"
    };
    }
    }
    message getBookRequest {
    int64 id = 1;
    }
    message Book {
    int64 id = 1;
    string title = 2;
    }
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    Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.xxx do
    add_message "books.GetBookRequest" do
    optional :id, :int64, 1
    end
    add_message "books.Book" do
    optional :id, :int64, 1
    optional :title, :string, 2
    end
    end
    module Books
    GetBookRequest =
    XXX(“books.GetBookRequest”).msgclass
    Book = XXX(“books.Book").msgclass
    end
    message getBookRequest {
    int64 id = 1;
    }
    message Book {
    int64 id = 1;
    string title = 2;
    }
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16. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    [1] book = Book.new(id: 2, title: "Hello, Book")
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    => "\b\x02\x12\vHello, Book”
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    => "{\"id\":2,\"title\":\"Hello, Book\”}"
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    message Book {
    int64 id = 1;
    string title = 2;
    }
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18. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    service BookService {
    rpc getBook (getBookRequest) returns (Book) {
    option (google.api.http) = {
    get: "/api/books/{id}"
    };
    }
    }
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19. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    {
    "swagger": “2.0",
    …,
    "paths": {
    "/api/books/{id}": {
    "get": {
    "operationId": "GetBook",
    "responses": {
    "200": {
    "description": …
    "schema": {
    "$ref": "#/definitions/booksBook"
    }
    }
    },
    “parameters": [
    {
    "name": "id",
    "in": "path",
    "required": true,
    "type": "string",
    "format": "int64"
    }
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    "tags": …
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    "definitions": {
    "booksBook": {
    "type": "object",
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    "id": {
    "type": "string",
    "format": "int64"
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    "title": {
    "type": "string"
    }
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    }
    }
    }
    

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37. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    > PATCH /api/books/2 HTTP/1.1
    > Accept: application/protobuf
    > Content-Type: application/protobuf
    >
    > \x08\x02
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38. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    Mime::Type.register "application/protobuf", :protobuf
    ActionController::Renderers.add :protobuf do |obj, _|
    send_data obj.to_proto, type: Mime[:protobuf]
    end
    3VCZPO3BJMTJOJUJBMJ[FS
    def show
    req = GetBookRequest.decode(request.body.read)
    …
    book = Book.new(id: xxx, title: yyy)
    render protobuf: book
    end
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51. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTͷԸܙΛड͚ͯ
    ։ൃΛਐΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨ
    

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52. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰ
    ݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺
    

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53. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺
    QSPUPpMFͷڞ༗ํ๏͸੔උ͕ඞཁ
    w 1SPUPDPM#V⒎FST͸$MJFOU 4FSWFS྆ํ͕ಉ͡QSPUPpMFΛࢀর͢Δ
    ඞཁ͕͋Δɻ
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    w ڞ༗ํ๏͝ͱͷϝϦοτɾσϝϦοτΛߟ͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δ
    w ୯७ͳίϐʔʜ࣮ݱ͕؆୯͕ͩɺQSPUPpMFͷมߋ௥ै͕೉͍͠
    w QSPUPEFQ౳ͷπʔϧʜ$MJFOU͔ΒWFSTJPOࢦఆ͕Մೳ
    w QSPUPpMFू໿SFQPTJUPSZʜSFQPTJUPSZʹQSPUPpMFΛू໿ɻ
    ίʔυੜ੒ͯ͠MJCSBSZͱͯ͠഑৴ɻEFQFOEBCPUͰมߋΛ௨஌ɻ
    w 8BOUFEMZͰ͸ϓϩδΣΫτ͝ͱʹόϥόϥ͕ͩɺQSPUPpMFू໿
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54. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTίϯύΠϥ QSPUPD
    
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    w ޓ׵ੑ͸΄ͱΜͲյΕͳ͍͸͕ͣͩɺಛʹ(PͰݟͨ໨ͷEJ⒎͕
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    Λἧ͑Δඞཁ͋Γ
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55. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    

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56. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺
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    w 3VCZSFQFBUFEpFME͸"SSBZMJLF͕ͩඍົʹ࢖͍উख͕ҧ͏
    w ୯७ͳTFU͸ग़དྷͣɺSFQMBDF͕ඞཁ
    w "DUJWF3FDPSEͷXIFSFʹͦͷ··౉ͤͳ͍
    

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57. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    [1] book = Book.new(id: 1)
    =>
    [2] book.authors
    => []
    [3] book.authors.class
    => Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField
    [4] book.authors = [Author.new(id: 2)]
    Google::Protobuf::TypeError: Expected repeated field
    array
    from (pry):4:in `method_missing’
    [5] book.authors.replace([Author.new(id: 2)])
    => []
    [6] book.authors
    => []
    

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58. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    [1] req = ListBookRequest.new(ids: [1, 2, 3])
    =>
    [2] req.ids.class
    => Google::Protobuf::RepeatedField
    [4] Book.where(id: req.ids).to_sql
    => "SELECT \"books\".* FROM \"books\" WHERE
    \"books\".\"id\" = NULL"
    [3] Book.where(id: req.ids.to_a).to_sql
    => "SELECT \"books\".* FROM \"books\" WHERE
    \"books\".\"id\" IN (1, 2, 3)"
    

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59. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺
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    w ͜Ε΋XSBQVOXSBQͷख͕͔͔ؒΔ
    

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60. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺
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61. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1SPUPDPM#VGGFSTΛར༻͢ΔதͰݟ͖͑ͯͨ஫ҙ఺
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    w H31$HSQDHBUFXBZߏ੒ͷ࣌͸ɺ҆શͳมߋ͔ෆ҆ͳ࣌͸ڍಈΛ
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62. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    ͍͔ͭ͘ͷ఺ʹ͸஫ҙ͠ͳ͕Β
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63. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    ·ͱΊ
    

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64. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    ·ͱΊ
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    w ੩తಈతܕ෇͚ݴޠ྆ํ͔Βѻ͍΍͍͢
    w TXBHHFSKTPOͷੜ੒ͳͲɺQSPUPDQMVHJOͷΤίγεςϜΛ׆༻Մೳ
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65. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
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66. ©2019 Wantedly, Inc.
    1IPUP$SFEJU
    w "MFYXPOHIUUQTVOTQMBTIDPNQIPUPTM5[WBMDQT
    

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