10分で振り返るソフトウェアアーキテクチャの歴史2017

CAMPFIRE iOS #1 - connpass
https://yj-meetup.connpass.com/event/51735/

での発表資料です。

(2017/3/23追記):
各所からいただいたフィードバックに基づき、不正確な記述を修正しました。（Nyohoさん、あんざいゆきさん、かとじゅんさん、ありがとうございます）
また、参考リンク集を追加しました。

## 参考リンク

■ MVC Pattern
http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~trygver/2003/javazone-jaoo/MVC_pattern.pdf
■ Understanding JavaServer Pages Model 2 architecture | JavaWorld
http://www.javaworld.com/article/2076557/java-web-development/understanding-javaserver-pages-model-2-architecture.html
■ The DCI Architecture: A New Vision of Object-Oriented Programming
http://www.artima.com/articles/dci_vision.html
■ PHP Mentors -> Beyond MVC
http://phpmentors.jp/post/69076928673/beyond-mvc
■ Model-View-Controller
https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/General/Conceptual/DevPedia-CocoaCore/MVC.html
■ Martin Fowler: eaaDev
https://martinfowler.com/eaaDev/
■ GUI Architectures
https://www.martinfowler.com/eaaDev/uiArchs.html#Model-view-presentermvp
■ THE MODEL-VIEW-VIEWMODEL (MVVM) DESIGN PATTERN FOR WPF
https://msdn.microsoft.com/ja-jp/magazine/dd419663.aspx
■ Flux | Application Architecture for Building User Interfaces
http://facebook.github.io/flux/docs/in-depth-overview.html#structure-and-data-flow
■ Alistair.Cockburn.us | Hexagonal architecture
http://alistair.cockburn.us/Hexagonal+architecture
■ The Onion Architecture : part 1 : Jeffrey Palermo (.com)
http://jeffreypalermo.com/blog/the-onion-architecture-part-1/
■ The Clean Architecture | 8th Light
https://8thlight.com/blog/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html
■ Onion Architecture と Clean Architecture - 騒音のない世界 BLOG
http://noiselessworld.hatenablog.jp/entry/2016/12/31/231632
■ Introduction to VIPER - Mutual Mobile Engineering Blog
http://web.archive.org/web/20160111142228/http://mutualmobile.github.io/blog/2013/12/04/viper-introduction
■ MVVM-C In Practice // Speaker Deck
https://speakerdeck.com/macdevnet/mvvm-c-in-practice
■ Minimum Viable Architecture -- Good Enough is Good Enough in a Startup
https://www.slideshare.net/RandyShoup/minimum-viable-architecture-good-enough-is-good-enough-in-a-startup

Transcript

1. 10෼ͰৼΓฦΔ
   ιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫ
   νϟ
   ͷྺ࢙2017
   by takasek
   2017/3/16 CAMPFIRE iOS #1
   1
   

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2. ͸͡Ίʹ
   ʢ2017/3/23 Ճචʣ
   ͜Ε͸ɺiOSΤϯδχΞ͕Α͘৮ΕΔɺओʹ
   GUIΞϓϦͷΞʔΩςΫνϟΛओ؟ʹஔ͍ͨ
   ൃදͰ͢ɻ
   2
   

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3. MVC, MVP, MVVM,
   Layered Architecture,
   Clean Architecture,
   VIPER, Flux, Redux,
   DDD, MVA, …?????
   3
   

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4. !"
   4
   

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5. ·ͣɺ֓೦ͷ੔ཧ
   !
   GUI Architectures
   ɹ … MVC, MVP, MVVM, etc
   • ViewͱModel(=ϏδωεϩδοΫ)ͷ෼཭
   • ର৅: αϒγεςϜ
   • ModelΑΓԞଆ͸஌ΒΜ
   !
   System Architectures
   ɹ … Layered Architecture,
   ɹɹ Clean Architecture,
   ɹɹ VIPER, etc
   • ର৅: γεςϜશମ
   5
   

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6. GUI Architectures
   6
   

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7. GUI Architectures ᶃ
   MVC
   Model-View-
   Controller
   (1979-)
   ΈΜͳ஌ͬͯΔ͚ͲɺΈΜͳޡղͯ͠Δɻ
   7
   

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8. MVC: Model-View-
   Controller(1979-)
   Smalltalk։ൃऀͷͻͱΓ
   Reenskaug͕ߟҊ
   C: Ϣʔβʔૢ࡞Λड͚
   M: σʔλΛมߋ
   V: MͷมߋΛobserve
   8
   

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9. MVC: Model-View-
   Controller(1979-)
   ΁ʔʂ
   M→V͸
   observerύλʔϯ
   ʢ1ݸͷMͷมߋΛ
   ɹnݸͷVʹ఻͑ΔͨΊʣ
   …ͩͬͨΜͩͶʁ
   9
   

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10. "MVC͸ਓؒͱͦͷϝϯλϧϞσϧʹؔ͢Δ
    ΋ͷͰ͋ΓɺΦϒβʔόύλʔϯʹؔ͢Δ΋
    ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɻ"
    -- The DCI Architecture
    (Reenskaug and O. Coplien, 2009, ࿨ஐӈܡ(༁))
    10
    

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11. MVC͕ຊ౰ʹ΍Γ͔ͨͬͨ͜ͱ
    "ΑΓਂ͍ࢹ఺͔ΒݟΕ͹ɺ͜ͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸
    ϢʔβΠϯλϥΫγϣϯ͔Β৘ใͷද৅Λ෼཭͢Δ
    ͨΊʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δɻ"
    "Ϟσϧ-Ϗϡʔ-ίϯτϩʔϥ-ϢʔβΛཁ໿͢Ε
    ͹ɺίϯϐϡʔλͱਓؒͷΠϯλϥΫγϣϯʹ͓͚
    Δࢥߟʢ"thinking"ʣͷ෦෼Λࢧ͑Δʹ͸༏Ε͍ͯ
    Δͷͩɻ"
    - The DCI Architecture (Reenskaug and O. Coplien, 2009, ࿨ஐӈܡ(༁))
    11
    

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12. MVCʹ଍Γͳ͔ͬͨ͜ͱ
    "ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ʹ΄ͱΜͲͳ͘ɺMVCʹ͓͍
    ͯ͸શ͘ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ΔɻͦΕ͸ߦಈΛ
    ίʔυͰͱΒ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏։ൃऀΛॿ͚
    Δͱ͍͏͜ͱͩɻΤϯυϢʔβͷ;Δ·্͍ͷཁ
    ݅ʹ͍ͭͯ࿦ཧతʹߟ͑Δ৔ॴΛɺ։ൃऀ͸࣋ͬ
    ͍ͯͳ͍ͷͰ͋Δɻ"
    - The DCI Architecture (Reenskaug and O. Coplien, 2009, ࿨ஐӈܡ(༁))
    12
    

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13. ͪͳΈʹਐԽܗMVCͬΆ͍΋ͷͱͯ͠…
    DCI(Data-Context-Interaction)
    Architecture(2009-)
    • ίϯςΩετ
    • ϩʔϧ
    ʹΑΔ;Δ·͍ͷදݱ
    ͖ͬ͞ͷ࿦จதͰɺReenskaugത͕࢜ޠͬͯͨΜ
    ͚ͩͲɺলུɻ
    13
    

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14. ΋͏ͻͱͭ༨ஊͰɺ
    MVC Model2(1999-)
    MVCΛJSP(JavaServer
    Pages)ʹద༻ͨ͠΋ͷ1
    Model2Ͱ͸Observerύλʔ
    ϯ͸࢖ΘΕͳ͍
    1
    Understanding JavaServer Pages Model 2
    architecture | JavaWorld
    http://www.javaworld.com/article/2076557/
    java-web-development/understanding-
    javaserver-pages-model-2-architecture.html
    14
    

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15. GUI Architectures ᶄ
    MVP
    Model-View-
    Presenter
    (1990-)
    ;Δ·͍ͷஔ͖৔Λ୳ͯ͠…
    15
    

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16. MVP(Supervising Controller)(1990-)
    16
    

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17. MVP(Supervising
    Controller)(1990-)
    IBMͱAppleڞಉ։ൃͷOS
    Taligent Ͱ࢖ΘΕͨ
    ౰ॳͷߏ଄͸
    ਓྨʹ͸ෳࡶ͗ͨ͢ͷͰɺ
    ੔ཧ͞Ε͍ͯͬͨ
    !
    17
    

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18. MVP(Supervising
    Controller)
    ͷ໰୊఺
    ViewͱModel͕
    observerύλʔϯͰ
    ઀ଓ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ
    • VɾM͕࠶ར༻ͮ͠Β͍
    • ςετ͕ॻ͖ͮΒ͍
    18
    

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19. MVP
    (Passive Views)
    (2006-)
    MVP(Supervising Controller)ʹର͠
    MVP(Passive Views)ͱݺ͹ΕΔ
    Humble(ݠڏͳ)
    Dialog Box
    ͱ΋͍͏
    ݱ୅ʹೃછΈͷ͋Δ
    MVPͰ͢Ͷʂ
    19
    

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20. ͱ͜ΖͰɺ
    MVP(Supervising
    Controller)
    ͷ໰୊఺
    • VɾM͕࠶ར༻ͮ͠Β͍
    • ςετ͕ॻ͖ͮΒ͍
    !
    V͕MΛobserve…ͬͯ
    Ͳ͔ͬͰฉ͍ͨΑ͏ͳ…
    20
    

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21. ͦ͏Ͱ͢ʂ
    ࿩͸લޙ͢Δ͚Ͳ
    ෳ߹ύλʔϯͱͯ͠ͷ
    MVCʢCocoaʣ
    ैདྷͷMVCʹ΋ಉ͡໰୊͕͋ͬͨ
    ͳͷͰɺApple(ḪΕ͹NeXT)͸
    ʮվྑܕͷෳ߹ύλʔϯMVCʯ
    !
    Λਪ঑͍ͯ͠Δ
    • V͕MΛobserve͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ
    ɹ C͕Mediatorʹ
    • VɾMΛ׬શʹ෼཭͠ɺ࠶ར༻ੑup
    https://developer.apple.com/jp/
    documentation/CocoaEncyclopedia.pdf
    21
    

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22. ͪͳΈʹMVPͱMVCͷҧ͍
    • MVC͸
    • ControllerͰinputΛड͚Δ
    • ViewͱController͸ϦονͳUIͰ͸݁߹͠΍͘͢ɺ
    Controller͕ViewͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧʹґଘ͢Δ
    • MVP͸
    • ViewͰinputΛड͚Δ ※Controller͸Viewͱ෼཭ࠔ೉ͳͷͰಉҰࢹ͢Δ
    • ViewͱPresenter͸෼཭͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ
    PresenterͷΈͰͷ୯ମςετ΋Մೳ
    22
    

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23. GUI Architectures ᶅ
    MVVM
    Model-View-
    ViewModel
    (2009-)
    Windows Presentation Foundationͷ
    σʔλόΠϯσΟϯάػߏΛ׆༻ͯ͠Έͨ
    23
    

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24. MVVM
    Model-View-ViewModel
    (2009-)
    Microsoftൃ঵
    WPF(Windows Presentation Foundation)
    ʢݴޠ࢓༷ϨϕϧͰσʔλόΠϯσΟϯάՄʣ
    Λલఏͱͨ͠ΞʔΩςΫνϟ
    24
    

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25. GUI Architectures ᶆ
    Flux
    (2014-)
    Facebookͷߟ͑ͨ࠷ڧͷσʔλϑϩʔϞσϧ
    25
    

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26. Flux(2014-)
    Facebook੡ͷ
    σʔλϑϩʔϞσϧ
    Facebook
    ʮMVC͕ෳࡶʹͳΔݪҼ͸
    ɹ૒ํ޲ͷσʔλϑϩʔʯ
    Flux͸
    ୯ํ޲σʔλϑϩʔΛ୲อ
    26
    

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27. GUI Architecturesʹ͍ͭͯ͸
    ͱΓ͋͑ͣ͜͜·Ͱ
    27
    

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28. ͓͞Β͍
    !
    GUI Architectures
    ɹ … MVC, MVP, MVVM, etc
    • ViewͱModel(=ϏδωεϩδοΫ)ͷ෼཭
    • ର৅: αϒγεςϜ
    • ModelΑΓԞଆ͸஌ΒΜ
    !
    System Architectures
    ɹ … Layered Architecture,
    ɹɹ Clean Architecture,
    ɹɹ VIPER, etc
    • ର৅: γεςϜશମ
    ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰޙ൒ઓ…
    28
    

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29. System Architectures
    29
    

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30. System Architectures ᶃ
    Layered Architecture
    30
    

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31. Layered
    Architecture
    • ֤ϨΠϠ͸ࣗ෼ΑΓԼҐ૚ʹґଘ͢Δ
    • ্Ґ૚ʹରͯ͠͸ૄ݁߹ʹ
    ૚ͷ۠෼ʹ͸όϦΤʔγϣϯ͋Γ
    Eric EvansʮDomain Driven DesignʯͰ͸
    • UI૚
    • Application૚
    • Domain૚
    • Infrastructure૚
    ͱ͍͏۠෼͕঺հ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    31
    

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32. ิ଍: DDD(Domain Driven Design)ͱ
    Layered Architectureʹ͍ͭ
    ͯ
    EvansͷDDDຊͰ͸Layered
    ArchitectureΛى఺ʹ࿩ΛਐΊ͍ͯ
    Δ͕ɺDDDͦͷ΋ͷ͸ΞʔΩςΫ
    νϟύλʔϯͰ͸ͳ͍
    DDD͸ɺApplication૚ /
    Infrastructure૚ ͔ΒDomain૚ʹ
    ͋Δ΂͖ϩδοΫΛ෼཭͠ɺۀ຿஌ࣝ
    ΍ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ΋ؚΊ࣮૷ͱҰ
    க͍ͤͯ͜͞͏ͱ͍͏ϞσϦϯάख๏
    ※౰ॳʮDDD͸Layered Architecture͕લఏʯͱॻ͍͓ͯΓ
    ·͕ͨ͠ɺޠฐͷ͋ΔදݱͰͨ͠ɻ
    !
    32
    

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33. System Architectures ᶄ
    Hexagonal
    Architecture
    (2002?-)
    ʮ࿡֯ܗͷൿີ͸Ͷ̇ …ผʹ਺ࣈʹҙຯ͸ͳ͍ʯ
    33
    

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34. Hexagonal
    Architecture(2002?-)
    গͳ͘ͱ΋2002೥Ҏલʹ͸ଘࡏ
    ಈػ
    Layered Architectureͷ໰୊఺:
    • UIͷࣗಈςετͮ͠Β͍
    • DB΋Կނ͔ςετͮ͠Β͍
    ղܾࡦ
    ΞϓϦͱͷ઀߹෦Λϙʔτͱݺͼɺ
    దٓɺςετ༻ͷΞμϓλΛ
    ෇͚ସ͑ΒΕΔ࡞Γʹ͢Δ
    34
    

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35. Hexagonal
    Architecture(2002?-)
    Ұ࣍ݩͷ૚ͷΞφϩδʔ͔Β
    ཭ΕΔͨΊɺ
    ࿡֯ܗͰදݱͯ͠Έ·ͨ͠
    35
    

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36. System Architectures ᶅ
    Onion Architecture
    (2008-)
    ʮٯʹߟ͑ΔΜͩɻ(૚Λ)্͛ͪΌͬͯ΋͍͍͞ ͱߟ͑ΔΜͩʯ
    36
    

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37. Onion
    Architecture(2008-)
    Clear MeasureࣾͷCEO
    Jeffrey Palermo͕
    ϒϩάʹవΊͨ
    ᐌ͘
    ʮLayered Architecture͸
    ɹ্૚
    ➡
    Infra૚
    ɹ…ͬͯґଘ͕͋Δ͚Ͳ
    ɹ໼ҹͷํ޲ɺٯ͡Όͳ͍ʁ
    37
    

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38. Onion Architecture(2008-)
    Jeffʮ͜͏͡Όͳ͍ʁʯ
    38
    

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39. Onion
    Architecture(2008-)
    • Infra૚͸UI૚ͱಉ͡
    ʮ֎ଆʯѻ͍
    • ґଘํ޲͸಺޲͖
    • ಺ˠ֎΁ͷΞΫηε͸ɺ
    ґଘੑٯసͷ๏ଇ(DIP)Λ
    ࢖͏
    •಺: ΠϯλϑΣʔεఆٛ
    •֎: ۩৅Λ࣮૷
    39
    

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40. System Architectures ᶆ
    Clean Architecture
    (2012-)
    ʮ͜Ε·ͰͷΞʔΩςΫνϟΛవΊͨΑɻͶɺ؆୯Ͱ͠ΐʁʯ
    40
    

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41. Clean Architecture
    (2012-)
    ΞδϟΠϧքͷڊਓ
    Robert C. Martin
    (Bob͓͡͞Μ)ʹΑΔఏҊ
    • Hexagonal Architecture
    • Onion Architecture
    • DCI
    ౳ʑΛɺͻͱͭͷ֓೦ʹ౷߹
    41
    

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42. System Architectures ᶇ
    VIPER
    (2013-)
    Mutual Mobileͷߟ͑ͨ࠷ڧͷiOS൛Clean Architecture
    42
    

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43. VIPER (2013-)
    Mutual Mobile͕ࣾiOSͷͨΊʹߟҊɻ
    (۩ମతͳObj-C/Swiftͷίʔυꑤ΀΄ͽ
    ʮΞʔΩςΫνϟʯͱ͍͏ΑΓʮઃܭʯʁ)
    • View
    • Interactor
    • Presenter
    • Entity
    • Routing (Wireframe)
    ͷ಄จࣈΛऔ͍ͬͯΔɻ
    ը໘ભҠͷ੹຿Λ
    ViewController͔Β෼཭Ͱ͖Δͷ͕ಛ௃ɻ
    43
    

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44. ͍ͭͰʹ
    MVVM-C (2016-)
    Model-View-ViewModel
    ʹՃ͑ͯɺը໘ભҠ
    (Coordinators)Λ
    ෼཭͢Δઃܭ΋
    ఏҊ͞ΕͯΔ
    !
    ͜ͷਤ
    "
    ɺBusiness Logic͕
    VMʹ͋Δͷ͕ؾʹͳΔ͚Ͳ…
    44
    

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45. System Architectures ᶈ
    Minimum Viable
    Architecutre
    (2014-)
    ٕज़બఆʹޙչ͕ͳ͍ͷ͸ɺଟ෼ΦʔόʔΤϯδχΞϦϯάͷূڌ
    45
    

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46. Minimum Viable
    Architecutre(2014-)
    eBay, GoogleΛܦͨ
    ελʔτΞοϓͷCTO
    Randy ShoupʹΑΔϓϨθϯ
    ࣄۀͷ੒௕ϑΣʔζʹԠͨ͡
    ࠷௿ݶΞʔΩςΫνϟͰॆ෼
    ΠςϨʔςΟϒʹ
    ϘτϧωοΫΛݟ͚ͭͯ
    ௚͍͚ͯ͠͹͍͍
    ͱ͍͏…
    ΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ͍͏͔…
    ϝλΞʔΩςΫνϟ…ʁ
    46
    

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47. "If you don’t end up regretting your early
    technology decisions, you probably over
    engineered.
    Rearchitecting is a sign of success;
    if you never need to, either you overbuilt or
    nobody cares."
    -- Randy Shoup
    47
    

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48. System Architecturesᶈ
    ❓❔❓
    (2017-)
    ཧ૝ͱݱ࣮ͷؒͰɺ࣍͸ҰମͲΜͳΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕…ʁ
    48
    

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