among taxonomic groups Normal distributions Log(NOEC) Parameters were estimated by MCMC simulations θInvertebrate 階層ベイズモデルとモンテカルロシミュレーションを ⽤いた化学物質の⽣態リスクの定量化とリスク⽐較 Hayashi & Kashiwagi (2009) Hayashi & Kashiwagi (2010) Monte Carlo Analysis EPAF = F µ ECD - µ SSD s ECD 2 + s SSD 2 æ è ç ç ö ø ÷ ÷ µ ECD µ SSD s ECD s SSD Calculation of predictive distribution of EPAF Posterior distributions of ECD parameters Posterior distributions of SSD parameters Results: Quantitative Risk Comparison Median and 90% range of EPAF log10(EPAF) Large Risk→ ←Small Risk Chemicals Ammonia Copper Nickel Zinc Hayashi and Kashiwagi (2011)