哲学オンラインセミナー(2020/12/13)で発表機会をいただいた、「科学的エビデンスの政策利用のための議論枠組みの提示」をテーマとした発表です。直近に公開されたKano and Hayashi (2021)の内容の紹介が中心です。（当日の発表では時間が足りなくなって後半をかなり飛ばしてしまいました。大変申し訳ありませんでした）
Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 A framework for implementing evidence in policymaking: Perspectives and phases of evidence evaluation in the science-policy interaction Hiroyuki Kano a,*, Takehiko I. Hayashi b a Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan b Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Evidence-based policy A B S T R A C T The use of scientific knowledge in policymaking has been a subject of debate in the environmental sector. An essential task for the effective use of evidence in policymaking is for scientists and policymakers to share a Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Science and Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envsci Ұिؒ͘Β͍લ͔ΒΦʔϓϯΞΫηεͰެ։͞Εͯ·͢ Ճೲ೭͞ΜˏՊֶֶ ݱࡏ+45ͷݚڀ։ൃઓུηϯλʔͰ &-4*33*ؔ࿈ͷ͓͠͝ͱ
Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 A framework for implementing evidence in policymaking: Perspectives and phases of evidence evaluation in the science-policy interaction Hiroyuki Kano a,*, Takehiko I. Hayashi b a Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan b Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Evidence-based policy A B S T R A C T The use of scientific knowledge in policymaking has been a subject of debate in the environmental sector. An essential task for the effective use of evidence in policymaking is for scientists and policymakers to share a Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental Science and Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envsci ͦ͜ͰΘΕΘΕ͕ॻ͍ͨͷ͕͜ͷจ
͜ΕҎ߱ͷ༻ޠ๏ʹ͍ͭͯͷୠ͠ॻ͖ ຊจʹ͓͚Δz&WJEFODFzͷఆٛ “In policymaking, evidence is not just scientific knowledge; rather, scientific knowledge is only regarded as “evidence” if it is relevant to the policy context. As such, evidence is a type of knowledge able to promote or inhibit political decision-making. “ 1 1PMJUJDBMEFDJTJPO 㱠1 1PMJUJDBMEFDJTJPOc,OPXMFEHF
࠶ܝ FWJEFODFͷNBOBHFSJBMQPJOUTΛࣔ͢YΫϩεද Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ϓϨθϯͰදશମΛө͢ͱݟ͑ͮΒ͍ͷͰͰ͖ΕखݩʹจΛ%-ͯ͠దٓ͝ࢀর͍͚ͨͩΕ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT നͷϚεɿ ରԠ͢Δ ঢ়گͷઆ໌ փ৭Ϛεɿ ҙ͖͢ ϙΠϯτ ͦΕͧΕͷධՁ࣠ʹ͓͍ͯҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτ1IBTFʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ
લ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ࣄҊͷॳظϑΣʔζͰใஅยతͰ͋Γ ํ๏తݫ֨ੑɺҰ؏ੑͱʹ ߴ͍Ϩϕϧͷͷଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ʢͦͷϨϕϧΛదʹೝ͍ࣝͯ͠Δ͔ʁʣ
લ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ அยతͳΤϏσϯε͕ͭ ࡦతؔ࿈ੑવͱ͠ͳ͍ ʢؔ࿈ੑͷఔΛదʹೝ͍ࣝͯ͠Δ͔ʁʣ
લ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ࣾձతؼ͕݁ਂࠁͰ͋Γ͏Δͱ͖ʹ ʮΤϏσϯεͷෆʯΛཧ༝ͱͯ͠ ࡦతରԠΛ᪳ͯ͠ͳ͍͔ʁ ʢॳظϑΣʔζʹ͓͍ͯेͳΤϏσϯε͕͋Δ ͜ͱͦͦكͰ͋Δʣ ༧ݪଇ ͷߟྀ
લ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ࡦͷਖ਼Խͷཁ݅ͱͯ͠աʹߴ͍Ϩϕϧ ͷΤϏσϯεΛٻΊ͍ͯͳ͍͔ʁ ࣗൃతʹࢀՃͯ͘͠Δ͔ΒҕୗΛड͚Δݚڀऀ ͱࡦܾఆͱͷؔΘΓͷ͋Γํద͔ʁ
த੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ੍ԽΛਐΊΔ্ͰͷΤϏσϯε ͷ͔֬Β͠͞ൈ͚࿙Εͳ͘ ݕূ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ʁ
த੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ʮΤϏσϯε͕ࣔ͢ͷʯͱ ʮ࣮ࡍͷࡦʯͷؒʹίϯςΫετ ͷζϨൈ͚࿙Εͳ͍͔ʁ
த੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ੍Խ͞ΕͨΤϏσϯεͷ ੜ࢈ʗ׆༻ͷγεςϜ͕ࣾձతదੑ Λߟྀͨ͠ͷʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ͔ʁ ಈ࣮ݧ ͷېࢭ
த੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ աͷΤϏσϯεͷཁٻʹΑΓ Պֶతݕ౼͕ࠎൈ͖ʹ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͔ʁ ΤϏσϯεੜ࢈ऀͱͷ རӹ૬ͳ͍͔ʁ
ޙ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ੍Խ͞ΕͨΤϏσϯε ͷํ๏શମ૾ʹ ࢮ֯ͳ͍͔ʁ
ޙ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ʮۙੑͷΪϟοϓΛຒΊΔࡍʹ ൈ͚མͪͨͷʯΛͪΌΜͱѲ ʗέΞͰ͖͍ͯΔ͔ʁ
ޙ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ࣾձతదੑʹরΒͨ͠ ੍ͷϦϑϨʔϛϯάΛ దʹੵۃతʹ ߦ͍ͬͯΔ͔ʁ
ޙ੍Խஈ֊Ͱͷҙ͖͢ϙΠϯτʢུ֓ʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ੍ͷҡ࣋ʹͱͬͯ ߹͕ྑ͍ઐՈͷॏ༻ʹΑΓ Պֶతݕূͷ࣮ޮੑ͕ ଛͳΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍͔ʁ
ద༻ྫɿ,ͷέʔεελσΟʢԾˍ֓ཁʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ෦ϞσϧΛͨͳ͍ΧʔϒϑΟοσΟϯάͰ͋Γ ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ͔ͳΓ͍ ײછಈଶʹؔ͢Δੜଶֶతͳಛੑͱͷطଘݟͱͷ ߹ੑ͕ͳ͘Ұ؏ੑ͔ͳΓ͍ ෦ϞσϧΛͨͳ͍Ώ͑֎ૠՄೳੑͷࠜڌΛͨͣ ͍͔ͳΔจ຺ʹରԠ͠͏ͷΔ͔ͷۙੑͷݟ௨͠Λܽ͘ ʢՊֶతʹ࠷Ϩϕϧͷ࣭ͳͷʹʣࡦܾఆऀͷෆ࡞ҝΛਖ਼Խ ͠͏Δ͜ͱ͕༰қʹ༧ݟ͞Εࣾձతదੑ͔ͳΓ͍ ʢՊֶతʹ࠷Ϩϕϧͷ࣭ͳͷʹʣଐਓతͳύΠϓʹΑͬͯେ ਉɾࣄϚλʔʹ·Ͱ,͕Ͷ͡ࠐ·Εͨ͜ͱۃΊͯ ͕େ͖͍ʢ͜Εຊͷֶज़తॿݴͷഊͰ͋Δʣ
ʮϚεΫண༻ʯͷέʔεελσΟʢԾˍϋΠϥΠτʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ 4"34ΠϯϑϧԼͰͷ ࣝΈͷϦϑϨʔϛϯά ʹग़Εͨ ඈລײછ͕ओମ ʹ طଘͷΤϏσϯεͷۙੑ ࢥͬͨΑΓ͔ͬͨ
ʮ#$(ԾઆʯͷέʔεελσΟʢԾˍϋΠϥΠτʣ *OTUJUVUJPOBMJ[BUJPOQIBTFT QFSTQFDUJWFT Environmental Science and Policy 116 (2021) 86–95 Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. Note. Each perspective comprises of two levels: the issues involved in each phase, and a checklist for managing each stage in EBPM. H. Kano and T.I. Hayashi Fig. 1. Cross table of managerial points for EBPM in environmental policymaking. ํ๏తݫ֨ੑ Ұ؏ੑ ۙੑ ࣾձతదੑ ਖ਼౷ੑ લ੍Խ த੍Խ ޙ੍Խ ؍σʔλ͔ΒͷΤϏσϯεࢧ࣋ɾ൱ఆଆͱʹݶఆత Ͱ͋Γɺྟচࢼݧͷ݁ՌΛ͖ͭ ੜֶతͳػߏʢަࠩ໔Ӹʣͱͷ ҰఆͷҰ؏ੑ͋Δ ରࡦ͠ͳ͍͜ͱͷਖ਼Խɺখࣇͷڙڅͷ োʹ͕᷷Δͱ͔ͳΓΑΖ͘͠ͳ͍
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