Java Cram Session: Get caught up on the latest Java changes

Java is moving a lot faster than it used to, and it can be hard for busy developers to keep up with all of the new features. But don’t worry! Come to this talk and we’ll go over everything you need to know to catch up with the latest Java developments. This talk will focus on when and how to use the new language changes starting with Java 9. After this talk, you’ll be ready to code with the latest and greatest Java features like a pro.

Transcript

1. Todd Ginsberg
   Principal Developer
   Netspend
   @toddginsberg
   Java Cram Session
   https://jconf.dev
   

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2. @ToddGinsberg
   Who Is This Talk For?
   ● Java developers still on Java 8
   

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3. @ToddGinsberg
   Who Is This Talk For?
   ● Java developers still on Java 8
   ● Are overwhelmed by all of the changes
   

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4. @ToddGinsberg
   What Are We Covering?
   ● New Java syntax
   

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5. @ToddGinsberg
   What Are We Covering?
   ● New Java syntax
   ● Interesting new libraries
   

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6. @ToddGinsberg
   What Are We Covering?
   ● New Java syntax
   ● Interesting new libraries
   ● Interesting new methods
   

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7. @ToddGinsberg
   What Are We Covering?
   ● New Java syntax
   ● Interesting new libraries
   ● Interesting new methods
   ● Strategies for upgrading and keeping up
   

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8. @ToddGinsberg
   What Aren’t We Covering?
   ● Bytecode-level changes
   

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9. @ToddGinsberg
   What Aren’t We Covering?
   ● Bytecode-level changes
   ● Most deprecations
   

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10. @ToddGinsberg
    What Aren’t We Covering?
    ● Bytecode-level changes
    ● Most deprecations
    ● New libraries and methods that you
    may not need right away
    

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11. @ToddGinsberg
    What Aren’t We Covering?
    ● Bytecode-level changes
    ● Most deprecations
    ● New libraries and methods that you
    may not need right away
    ● Licensing and Paid Support
    

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12. The State
    Of Things
    

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13. @ToddGinsberg
    Current State
    Java 14
    

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14. @ToddGinsberg
    Current State
    Java 14
    Java 15
    No Longer Supported
    Latest and Greatest
    

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15. @ToddGinsberg
    Current State
    Java 14
    Java 15
    Java 16
    No Longer Supported
    Latest and Greatest
    Coming March 2021
    

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16. @ToddGinsberg
    No More Major Releases
    ● Six month Feature Releases only
    

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17. @ToddGinsberg
    No More Major Releases
    ● Six month Feature Releases only
    ● Miss the train? Wait for the next one
    

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18. @ToddGinsberg
    No More Major Releases
    ● Six month Feature Releases only
    ● Miss the train? Wait for the next one
    ● Allows for preview features
    

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19. @ToddGinsberg
    No More Major Releases
    ● Six month Feature Releases only
    ● Miss the train? Wait for the next one
    ● Allows for preview features
    ● Two quarterly patch releases
    

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20. @ToddGinsberg
    No More Major Releases
    ● Six month Feature Releases only
    ● Miss the train? Wait for the next one
    ● Allows for preview features
    ● Two quarterly patch releases
    ● Upgrading is easier
    

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21. @ToddGinsberg
    Long Term Support
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Still Receiving Patches
    Next LTS
    

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22. Upgrade
    Strategies
    

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23. @ToddGinsberg
    Java Upgrade Strategies
    A Update to LTS (11) and stay there until the next LTS (17)
    

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24. @ToddGinsberg
    Java Upgrade Strategies
    A Update to LTS (11) and stay there until the next LTS (17)
    B Update to the latest release as soon as it comes out
    

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25. @ToddGinsberg
    Java Upgrade Strategies
    A Update to LTS (11) and stay there until the next LTS (17)
    B Update to the latest release as soon as it comes out
    C Stay on Java 8 forever and let your skills atrophy
    

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26. @ToddGinsberg
    Java Upgrade Strategies
    A Update to LTS (11) and stay there until the next LTS (17)
    B Update to the latest release as soon as it comes out
    

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27. @ToddGinsberg
    The Rest of the Talk
    1 Changes up until Java 11
    

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28. @ToddGinsberg
    The Rest of the Talk
    1 Changes up until Java 11
    2 Changes after Java 11
    

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29. Welcome To
    Java 11
    

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30. @ToddGinsberg
    JPMS (Modules): The Basics
    ● Create a module system…
    

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31. @ToddGinsberg
    JPMS (Modules): The Basics
    ● Create a module system…
    ● And then modularize the JDK itself…
    

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32. @ToddGinsberg
    JPMS (Modules): The Basics
    ● Create a module system…
    ● And then modularize the JDK itself…
    ● And provide tooling so we can create our own
    modules...
    

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33. @ToddGinsberg
    JPMS (Modules): The Basics
    ● Create a module system…
    ● And then modularize the JDK itself…
    ● And provide tooling so we can create our own
    modules...
    ● And our own subset runtimes
    

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34. @ToddGinsberg
    JPMS (Modules): Recommendation
    ● Don’t worry about it for now
    

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35. @ToddGinsberg
    JPMS (Modules): Recommendation
    ● Don’t worry about it for now
    ● Take advantage of the fact that it made the JVM
    more organized
    

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36. @ToddGinsberg
    JPMS (Modules): Recommendation
    ● Don’t worry about it for now
    ● Take advantage of the fact that it made the JVM
    more organized
    ● Wait and see what your dependencies do
    

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37. @ToddGinsberg
    Where Did The JRE Go?
    ● Java does not ship with a JRE any more
    

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38. @ToddGinsberg
    Where Did The JRE Go?
    ● Java does not ship with a JRE any more
    ● Because the JVM is modular, we can create
    our own task-focused JVMs!
    

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39. @ToddGinsberg
    Where Did The JRE Go?
    ● Java does not ship with a JRE any more
    ● Because the JVM is modular, we can create
    our own task-focused JVMs!
    ● Even if we don’t use modules!
    

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40. @ToddGinsberg
    jlink + jdeps == Focused JDK
    MyApp.jar
    AppDependency1.jar
    AppDependency2.jar
    

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41. @ToddGinsberg
    jlink + jdeps == Focused JDK
    MyApp.jar
    AppDependency1.jar
    AppDependency2.jar
    jdeps
    

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42. @ToddGinsberg
    jlink + jdeps == Focused JDK
    MyApp.jar
    AppDependency1.jar
    AppDependency2.jar
    jdeps
    List
    of
    Modules
    

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43. @ToddGinsberg
    jlink + jdeps == Focused JDK
    MyApp.jar
    AppDependency1.jar
    AppDependency2.jar
    jdeps
    List
    of
    Modules
    jlink
    

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44. @ToddGinsberg
    jlink + jdeps == Focused JDK
    MyApp.jar
    AppDependency1.jar
    AppDependency2.jar
    jdeps
    List
    of
    Modules
    jlink
    JVM
    

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45. @ToddGinsberg
    Where Did JavaFX Go?
    ● Removed from the JVM!
    

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46. @ToddGinsberg
    Where Did JavaFX Go?
    ● Removed from the JVM!
    ● Still maintained, don’t panic!
    https://openjfx.io/
    

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47. @ToddGinsberg
    Say Goodbye To...
    

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48. @ToddGinsberg
    Say Goodbye To...
    ● Applets
    

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49. @ToddGinsberg
    Say Goodbye To...
    ● Applets
    ● Web Start / JNLP
    

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50. @ToddGinsberg
    New! Compact Strings
    ● Java char takes up two bytes
    ● All Strings are char x2 bytes in Java 8
    

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51. @ToddGinsberg
    New! Compact Strings
    ● Java char takes up two bytes
    ● All Strings are char x2 bytes in Java 8
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
    T
    “Todd” ==
    o d d
    

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52. @ToddGinsberg
    New! Compact Strings
    ● Java char takes up two bytes
    ● All Strings are char x2 bytes in Java 8
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
    T
    “Todd” ==
    o d d
    0 1 2 3
    T o d d
    

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53. @ToddGinsberg
    New Garbage Collector Options
    ● G1GC is the new default
    

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54. @ToddGinsberg
    New Garbage Collector Options
    ● G1GC is the new default
    ● CMS is now deprecated
    

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55. @ToddGinsberg
    New Garbage Collector Options
    ● G1GC is the new default
    ● CMS is now deprecated
    ● Epsilon (for testing)
    

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56. @ToddGinsberg
    New Garbage Collector Options
    ● G1GC is the new default
    ● CMS is now deprecated
    ● Epsilon (for testing)
    ● ZGC is experimental
    

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57. @ToddGinsberg
    Multi-Version Jars
    

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58. @ToddGinsberg
    JShell - A Java REPL
    

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59. @ToddGinsberg
    Run Single Files Directly
    

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60. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Removal of Single Underscore
    _
    

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61. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Removal of Single Underscore
    ಠ_ಠ
    

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62. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    String food = "French Fries";
    int quantity = 2;
    }
    

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63. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    var food = "French Fries";
    var quantity = 2;
    }
    

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64. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    var food = "French Fries";
    var quantity = 2;
    }
    

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65. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    List items = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    

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66. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    var items = new ArrayList();
    }
    

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67. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    var items = new ArrayList();
    for(var item : items) {
    // ...
    }
    }
    

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68. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    try(var connection = getConnection()) {
    // ...
    }
    }
    

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69. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Local var
    public void doSomething() {
    // Yes
    var connection = getConnection();
    var now = LocalTime.now();
    }
    

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70. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Private Interface Methods
    interface Something {
    private void somePrivateMethod() {
    // ...
    }
    }
    

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71. @ToddGinsberg
    Syntax - Private Interface Methods
    interface Something {
    private static void somePrivateMethod() {
    // ...
    }
    }
    

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72. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Unmodifiable Collection Shortcuts
    List list = List.of("A", "B", "C");
    

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73. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Unmodifiable Collection Shortcuts
    List list = List.of("A", "B", "C");
    Set set = Set.of("A", "B", "C");
    

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74. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Unmodifiable Collection Shortcuts
    List list = List.of("A", "B", "C");
    Set set = Set.of("A", "B", "C");
    Map map = Map.of("A", 1, "B", 2);
    

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75. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Unmodifiable Collection Shortcuts
    var list = List.of("A", "B", "C");
    var set = Set.of("A", "B", "C");
    var map = Map.of("A", 1, "B", 2);
    

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76. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Stream Enhancements
    numbers // [0,1,2,3,2,1,0]
    .stream()
    .takeWhile(it -> it < 3) // [0,1,2]
    

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77. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Stream Enhancements
    numbers // [0,1,2,3,2,1,0]
    .stream()
    .dropWhile(it -> it < 3) // [3,2,1,0]
    

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78. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Stream Enhancements
    numbers
    .stream()
    .dropWhile(it -> it < 3)
    .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList());
    

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79. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Stream Enhancements
    numbers
    .stream()
    .dropWhile(it -> it < 3)
    .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableSet());
    

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80. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String sample = "1\n2\n3";
    

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81. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String sample = "1\n2\n3";
    sample
    .lines() // Stream [1, 2, 3]
    

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82. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String sample = "1\n2\n3";
    sample
    .lines() // Stream [1, 2, 3]
    .forEach(System.out::println);
    

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83. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String sample = " sample ";
    

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84. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String sample = " sample ";
    sample.strip() // "sample"
    

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85. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String sample = " sample ";
    sample.strip() // "sample"
    sample.stripLeading() // "sample "
    

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86. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String sample = " sample ";
    sample.strip() // "sample"
    sample.stripLeading() // "sample "
    sample.stripTrailing() // " sample"
    

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87. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    someString.isBlank()
    

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88. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - String Enhancements
    String yell = "Kh" + "a".repeat(5) + "n!";
    // "Khaaaaan!"
    

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89. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Collection.toArray(IntFunction)
    // In Collection.java:
    default T[] toArray(IntFunction generator)
    

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90. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Collection.toArray(IntFunction)
    // In Collection.java:
    default T[] toArray(IntFunction generator)
    String[] strings = List
    .of("A", "B", "C")
    .toArray(String[]::new)
    

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91. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Enhanced Deprecation
    @Deprecated
    

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92. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - Enhanced Deprecation
    @Deprecated(since = "9", forRemoval = true)
    

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93. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - HttpClient
    var client = HttpClient.newBuilder()
    .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(15))
    .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_1_1)
    .build();
    

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94. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - HttpClient
    var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
    .GET()
    .uri(URI.create("https://frinkiac.com/api/random"))
    .build();
    

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95. @ToddGinsberg
    Library - HttpClient
    String quote = client
    .send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString())
    .body();
    

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96. Welcome To
    Java 15
    

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97. @ToddGinsberg
    Say Goodbye To...
    

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98. @ToddGinsberg
    Say Goodbye To...
    ● Nashorn Javascript Engine (and tools)
    

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99. @ToddGinsberg
    Say Goodbye To...
    ● Nashorn Javascript Engine (and tools)
    ● CMS GC
    

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100. @ToddGinsberg
     New Garbage Collector Options
     ● ZGC
     ● Shenandoah
     

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101. @ToddGinsberg
     Better NullPointerException Messages
     customer.getAddress().getStreet().toUpperCase();
     

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102. @ToddGinsberg
     Better NullPointerException Messages
     customer.getAddress().getStreet().toUpperCase();
     Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
     at Yikes.main(Yikes.java:42)
     

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103. @ToddGinsberg
     Better NullPointerException Messages
     customer.getAddress().getStreet().toUpperCase();
     -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages
     

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104. @ToddGinsberg
     Better NullPointerException Messages
     customer.getAddress().getStreet().toUpperCase();
     Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException:
     Cannot invoke "String.toUpperCase()" because the return
     value of "Address.getStreet()" is null
     at Yikes.main(Yikes.java:42)
     

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105. @ToddGinsberg
     Better NullPointerException Messages
     customer.getAddress().getStreet().toUpperCase();
     Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException:
     Cannot invoke "String.toUpperCase()" because the return
     value of "Address.getStreet()" is null
     at Yikes.main(Yikes.java:42)
     

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106. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Text Blocks
     String json =
     "{\n" +
     " \"food\": \"French Fries\",\n" +
     " \"quantity\": 2\n" +
     "}";
     

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107. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Text Blocks
     String json = """
     {
     "food": "French Fries",
     "quantity: 2
     }
     """;
     

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108. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Switch Expressions
     String food = null;
     switch (id) {
     case 1: {
     food = "French Fries";
     break;
     }
     case 2: {
     food = "Doughnuts";
     break;
     }
     default: {
     food = "Pizza";
     }
     }
     

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109. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Switch Expressions
     String food = switch (id) {
     case 1 -> "French Fries";
     case 2 -> "Doughnuts";
     default -> "Pizza";
     };
     

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110. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Switch Expressions
     String food = switch (id) {
     case 1: {
     // Some other work here
     yield "French Fries";
     }
     case 2: yield "Doughnuts";
     default: yield "Pizza";
     };
     

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111. @ToddGinsberg
     Good News - Enum Limits Increased!
     

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112. @ToddGinsberg
     Good News - Enum Limits Increased!
     ~2740
     

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113. @ToddGinsberg
     Good News - Enum Limits Increased!
     ~2740
     ~4100
     

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114. Here Be
     Dragons
     

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115. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - instanceof Pattern Matching (Preview)
     if(someObject instanceof String) {
     String someString = (String)someObject;
     doSomethingWithString(someString);
     }
     

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116. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - instanceof Pattern Matching (Preview)
     if(someObject instanceof String someString) {
     doSomethingWithString(someString);
     }
     

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117. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     

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118. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     ● Define a class
     

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119. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     ● Define a class
     ● With two fields called x and y
     

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120. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     ● Define a class
     ● With two fields called x and y
     ● And an all-arguments constructor
     

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121. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     ● Define a class
     ● With two fields called x and y
     ● And an all-arguments constructor
     ● And getters
     

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122. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     ● Define a class
     ● With two fields called x and y
     ● And an all-arguments constructor
     ● And getters
     ● And equals()
     

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123. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     ● Define a class
     ● With two fields called x and y
     ● And an all-arguments constructor
     ● And getters
     ● And equals()
     ● And hashcode()
     

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124. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     If we wanted an immutable 2-D Point we would need to:
     ● Define a class
     ● With two fields called x and y
     ● And an all-arguments constructor
     ● And getters
     ● And equals()
     ● And hashcode()
     ● And toString()
     

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125. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     This pattern is VERY common!
     

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126. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     This pattern is VERY common!
     record Point(int x, int y) {}
     

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127. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     This pattern is VERY common!
     record Point(int x, int y) {}
     var point = new Point(1, 2);
     

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128. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     This pattern is VERY common!
     record Point(int x, int y) {}
     var point = new Point(1, 2);
     System.out.println("X: " + point.x());
     System.out.println("Y: " + point.y());
     

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129. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     This pattern is VERY common!
     record Point(int x, int y) {}
     var point = new Point(1, 2);
     System.out.println("X: " + point.x());
     System.out.println("Y: " + point.y());
     

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130. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     record Point(int x, int y) {
     public Point {
     if(x < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
     if(y < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
     }
     }
     

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131. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     record Point(int x, int y) {
     public Point {
     if(x < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
     if(y < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
     }
     public Point(Point3D other) {
     this(other.x(), other.y());
     }
     }
     

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132. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     ● Records extend java.lang.Record
     

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133. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     ● Records extend java.lang.Record
     ● Records are final
     

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134. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     ● Records extend java.lang.Record
     ● Records are final
     ● Record fields are final
     

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135. @ToddGinsberg
     Records (Preview)
     ● Records extend java.lang.Record
     ● Records are final
     ● Record fields are final
     ● Cannot define any more fields
     

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136. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Sealed Classes (Preview)
     sealed interface Message permits Start, Stop, Timeout {}
     

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137. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Sealed Classes (Preview)
     sealed interface Message permits Start, Stop, Timeout {}
     

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138. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Sealed Classes (Preview)
     sealed interface Message permits Start, Stop, Timeout {}
     record Start(String serverName) implements Message {}
     record Stop(String reason) implements Message {}
     record Timeout(Duration fromNow) implements Message {}
     

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139. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Sealed Classes (Preview)
     sealed interface Message permits Start, Stop, Timeout {}
     record Start(String serverName) implements Message {}
     record Stop(String reason) implements Message {}
     record Timeout(Duration fromNow) implements Message {}
     // ERROR!
     class Restart implements Message {}
     

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140. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Sealed Classes (Preview)
     sealed interface Message permits Start, Stop, Timeout {}
     record Start(String serverName) implements Message {}
     record Stop(String reason) implements Message {}
     record Timeout(Duration fromNow) implements Message {}
     // ERROR!
     class Restart implements Message {}
     

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141. @ToddGinsberg
     Syntax - Sealed Classes (Preview)
     // Coming in the future!
     String logMessage = switch(someMessage) {
     Start -> "Starting server: " + someMessage.serverName();
     Stop -> "Stopping because: " + someMessage.reason();
     Timeout -> "Timeout is now: " + someMessage.fromNow();
     };
     

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142. In
     Conclusion...
     

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143. @ToddGinsberg
     Upgrading Past Java 8
     ● You have one more “Big Bang”
     

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144. @ToddGinsberg
     Upgrading Past Java 8
     ● You have one more “Big Bang”
     ● And then it won’t be that bad
     

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145. @ToddGinsberg
     Upgrading Past Java 8
     ● You have one more “Big Bang”
     ● And then it won’t be that bad
     ● Because you’ll have new toys to play with
     

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146. @ToddGinsberg
     Upgrading Past Java 8
     ● You have one more “Big Bang”
     ● And then it won’t be that bad
     ● Because you’ll have new toys to play with
     ● And performance improvements every
     six months!
     

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147. @ToddGinsberg
     todd@ginsberg.com
     https://todd.ginsberg.com
     Thank You!
     Anonymous Feedback!
     

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148. Todd Ginsberg
     Principal Developer
     Netspend
     @toddginsberg
     Java Cram Session
     https://jconf.dev
     

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