MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP Perspective

Transcript

1. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Tim Juravich @timjuravich
2. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective • Developer, Startup Junky • Lead projects in .NET, Ruby, and PHP • Book on PHP & CouchDB development out early next year from Packt Publishing October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Who Am I?
3. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective • A high level discussion on NoSQL databases from the PHP developer POV • We’ll focus on Data Models • What we won’t be able to talk about: - How each database scales, stores it’s data. - CAP Theorem (http://tinyurl.com/nosql-cap) • We’ll touch on tools for us PHP Developers October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich What we’ll talk about today
4. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective A data model defines how your application stores data and how it makes associations. If you force an incorrect data model into your application...you’re probably going to have a hard time. October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Data Models
5. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Traditional relational Model (MySQL) id first_name last_name 1 John Doe 2 Jane Doe users id address city state zip user_id 1 123 Main Street Seattle WA 98101 1 2 120 Pike Street Seattle WA 98101 1 3 321 2nd Ave Seattle WA 98101 2 addresses id number primary user_id 1 555-867-5309 1 1 2 555-867-5309 0 1 3 555-867-5309 1 2 phone numbers
6. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective • Nothing really...there are just limitations - Due to normalization as your data grows so does the complexity of your database - As your database grows, writing becomes a bottleneck - Difficult to scale horizontally - Sometimes tables are just too limiting October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich What’s wrong with this?
7. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective • History - Some NoSQL databases have been around forever - In 2004 & 2005 they explode • NoSQL really means “Not Only SQL” October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich NoSQL databases are born
8. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective • The Good News - Different tools for different situations - Flexible (Schema-less) - Focused on scalability out of the box - New data models • The Bad News - No common standards - Relatively immature - New data models October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich NoSQL
9. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich There are no silver bullets!
10. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Size vs. Complexity Typical RDMBS Key/value Stores Column Stores Document Database Graph Database RDMBS Performance Line Scale To Complexity Scale To Size
11. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Key Value Stores • Definition - Access to a value based on a unique key - Think of this in terms of a hash-table, or in PHP an associative array. “John Doe” user_1 { name: “John Doe”, email: john@example.com”, phone: “8675309” } user_2
12. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective • Strengths - Incredibly Fast - Pub/Sub support - Simple CLI • Weaknesses - It can feel limiting with a complex use case • Use it for - Rapidly changing data. - Stocks, Analytics, Real-time collection/communication October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Redis redis> set im.a.key "im.a.value" OK redis> get im.a.key "im.a.value"
13. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Redis & PHP • There are a variety of Redis & PHP toolkits (http://tinyurl.com/redis-php) • My favorite is Predis (https://github.com/nrk/predis) • Twitter clone to play with: (http://redis.io/topics/twitter-clone) <?php $redis = new Predis\Client(); $redis->set('foo', 'bar'); $value = $redis->get('foo');
14. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Column Stores • Definition - Similar to relational database, but it flips it all around. Instead of storing records, column stores store all of the values for a column together in a stream. From there, you can use an index to get column values for a particular record. - Can handle 4 or 5 dimensions Keyspace, Column Family, Column Family Row, Column Keyspace, Column Family, Column Family Row, Super Column, Column
15. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Column Stores users (Column Family) johndoe (key) John Doe name (column) email (column) phone (column) john@example.com 5558675309 janedoe (key) Jane Doe name (column) email (column) jane@example.com example-db (Keyspace)
16. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Cassandra • Strengths - Can handle some serious data - Writes are much faster than reads - Hadoop integration • Weaknesses - Complex for it’s offering and bloated • Use it for - Apps with a lot of writing. Serious applications.
17. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Cassandra & PHP • Thrift • There are a few PHP libraries (http://tinyurl.com/cassandra-php) • My favorite is phpcassa (https://github.com/thobbs/phpcassa)
18. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Cassandra & PHP (phpcassa) <?php // Connect to Keyspace $pool = new ConnectionPool('example-db'); // Create ColumnFamily $users = new ColumnFamily($pool, 'users'); // Create User $users->insert('2’, array('name' => 'Jane Doe', 'email' => 'jane@example.com')); // Get User $users->get('2');
19. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Document Databases • Definition - Documents provide access to structured data, without a schema. - Buckets of key-value pairs inside of a self contained object. - Friendliest NoSQL databases for PHP developers
20. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Document Databases { id: 'johndoe', name: 'John Doe', email : ‘john@example.com’, phone : ‘5558675309’ addresses : [ “address1” : { address: '123 main street', city: 'seattle', state: 'WA', zip: ‘98101’ }, “address2” : { address: '123 main street', city: 'seattle', state: 'WA', zip: ‘98101’ } ] } { id: 'janedoe', name: 'Jane Doe', email : ‘jane@example.com’, }
21. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich MongoDB • Strengths - Familiar Query Language - A lot of developer toolkits • Weaknesses - Sharding can be a pain • Use it for - Things you might do with MySQL, but schemas are getting in the way. $post->where('id', $this->getID());
22. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich MongoDB & PHP • A TON of libraries (http://tinyurl.com/mongo-php) - Doctrine - Cake - Code Ignitor - Symfony - Zend - etc. • My favorite is ActiveMongo (https://github.com/crodas/ActiveMongo)
23. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich MongoDB & PHP (Active Mongo) <?php ActiveMongo::connect('example-db', 'localhost'); class User extends ActiveMongo { public $name; public $email; } $user = new User(); $user->name = 'John Doe'; $user->email = 'john@example.com'; // Insert $user->save(); // Update $user->email = 'john@example.org'; $user->save();
24. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich CouchDB • Strengths - Bi-lateral replication (master-master) - Slick RESTful JSON API, easy to use • Weaknesses - Need some Javascript chops - Slower writes • Use it for - Mobile, CRM, CMS systems, multi-site deployments
25. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich CouchDB & PHP • Not as many as MongoDB (http://tinyurl.com/couch-php) - Doctrine - Variety of standalone libraries • My favorite is Sag (https://github.com/sbisbee/sag)
26. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich CouchDB & PHP (Sag) <?php class User { public $name; public $email; } $user = new User(); $user->name = 'John Doe'; $user->email = 'john@example.com'; $sag = new Sag('127.0.0.1', '5984'); $sag->setDatabase('example-db'); $sag->post($user);
27. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Graph Databases • Definition - Instead of tables, rows, columns, it's a flexible graph model that contains nodes. Nodes have properties and relationships to other nodes.
28. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Graph Databases
29. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Neo4j • Strengths - Fully transactional - Flexible API • Weaknesses - A completely different way of thinking - Complex • Use it for - Social relations, road maps, network topologies
30. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Neo4j & PHP • There are a few of options (http://tinyurl.com/neo4j-php) - REST API - Thrift • It’s pretty complex...
31. MySQL & NoSQL from a PHP perspective October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich So which DB should you use? • Don’t rule out relational databases • Do your homework • Every project is different • NoSQL probably should be avoided in these areas - Transactions, orders, anything where money changes hands - Business critical data or line of business applications
32. October 4th, 2011 - Tim Juravich Thanks! Feel free to reach out with any questions: tim.juravich@gmail.com @timjuravich