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Lecture 3: CSCI E-1 Spring 2013
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Tommy MacWilliam
February 25, 2013
Education
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Lecture 3: CSCI E-1 Spring 2013
Tommy MacWilliam
February 25, 2013
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Transcript
Computer Science E-1 Lecture 3: Internet
From last time...
http://youtu.be/j84eEjP-RL4
Review: March 4
http://youtu.be/9ntPxdWAWq8
traceroute cnn.com
Clients v. Servers
Routers
Network
None
None
None
Internet Service Provider
None
LAN
WAN
None
traceroute reddit.com
IP Address
10.251.202.239
4,294,967,296
“640K ought to be enough for anybody”
IPv4
IPv6
http://www.worldipv6launch.org/
2001:0db8:85a3:0042: 1000:8a2e:0370:7334
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374, 607,431,768,211,456
http://samsclass.info/ipv6/ exhaustion.htm
http://www.google.com/ipv6/ statistics.html#tab=ipv6-adoption
Private IP Address
10.*.*.* 172.16.*.* 192.168.*.*
NAT
Device Private IP Public IP Source Port Macbook 10.0.0.1 74.125.26.228
1000 iPhone 10.0.0.2 74.125.26.228 1001 iPad 10.0.0.3 74.125.26.228 1002
NAT Request • request from 10.0.0.1 reaches router
NAT Request • request from 10.0.0.1 reaches router • router
looks up source port for 10.0.0.1
NAT Request • request from 10.0.0.1 reaches router • router
looks up source port for 10.0.0.1 • router changes source IP to 74.125.26.228, adds source port 1000
NAT Request • request from 10.0.0.1 reaches router • router
looks up source port for 10.0.0.1 • router changes source IP to 74.125.26.228, adds source port 1000 • router sends modified request to destination
NAT Response • router receives response to 74.125.26.228 with source
port 1000
NAT Response • router receives response to 74.125.26.228 with source
port 1000 • router looks up IP address for source port 1000
NAT Response • router receives response to 74.125.26.228 with source
port 1000 • router looks up IP address for source port 1000 • router forwards response to original client
http://www.whatismyip.com/
DHCP
DHCP • Client broadcasts “I would like to join”
DHCP • Client broadcasts “I would like to join” •
Server responds “I can help”
DHCP • Client broadcasts “I would like to join” •
Server responds “I can help” • Client requests an IP address
DHCP • Client broadcasts “I would like to join” •
Server responds “I can help” • Client requests an IP address • Server offers client an IP address
DHCP • Client broadcasts “I would like to join” •
Server responds “I can help” • Client requests an IP address • Server offers client an IP address • Client confirms IP address
None
Connection Speeds
None
Wireless Networks
WEP, WPA, WPA2
3G, 4G
Firewall
None
VPN
Domains
DNS
HOSTS.TXT
DNS Server
Root DNS Server
root-servers.org
TLD DNS Server
Authoritative Name Server
Domain Resolution • hosts file?
Domain Resolution • hosts file? • cache DNS server?
Domain Resolution • hosts file? • cache DNS server? •
root DNS server
Domain Resolution • hosts file? • cache DNS server? •
root DNS server • TLD DNS server
Domain Resolution • hosts file? • cache DNS server? •
root DNS server • TLD DNS server • authoritative name server
http://www.simpledns.com/lookup- dg.aspx
None
Net Neutrality
None
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/ 2010-07/order-seven-cyber-guardians- around-world-now-hold-keys-internet
Configuring DNS
None
DNS Records • NS: name servers • MX: email •
A: IPv4 address • AAAA: IPv6 address • CNAME: domain alias
TLDs
TLD Usage .com Companies .edu Education .gov US Government .info
Information .mil US Military .net Networks .org Organizations
ccTLDs
ccTLDs • bit.ly: Libya • about.me: Montenegro • del.icio.us: US
• nic.tm: Turkmenistan
http://gtldresult.icann.org/
Registrars
URL
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome Scheme
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome Authentication
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome Domain
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome Port
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome Path
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome Query String
http://username:password@ foo.example.com:1234/cs/e1/is.html ?fun=yes&boring=no#awesome Fragment
Key-Value Pairs
query=cse1&page=3 • client • the query I want is cse1
• the page I want is 3 • server • what query and page should I look for?
q=e&1?
URL Encoding
q=e%261%3F
URI
urn:isbn:9780811822749
http://cse1.net/psets/pset3.pdf
API
http://developer.mbta.com/lib/rthr/ red.json
https://developers.facebook.com/ tools/explorer/
http://youtu.be/Ve7_4ot-Dzs
Summary
Networking • router • IP address • ISP • network
• WAN, LAN • IPv6 • private IP address • NAT • DHCP • 802.11n • 3G, 4G • mbps • firewall • VPN
Domain Name System • DNS • domains • hosts file
• root DNS server • TLD DNS server • authoritative name server • net neutrality • A record • CNAME record • TLD, ccTLD • registrar • URL • URI • API
Computer Science E-1 Lecture 3: Internet