Modern Android app library stack

The world of open source libraries and tools is vast for Android developers. Writing apps using solely Android SDK is impractical. Libraries can help you in many ways. They can speed up your development, save you creating boilerplate code and dealing with platform fragmentation, simplify your code and make it more readable and maintainable. In the talk I’m showing how several truly useful libraries can help a developer.
Presented at MobCon Europe 2017.

Transcript

1. Modern Android app library stack Tomáš Kypta #MobCon
2. Getting into Android
3. Q: “How do I get the data from the server?”
4. A: “Use AsyncTask!” The old school approach™
5. public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Button btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn); btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener { public void onClick(View view) { new DownloadTask().execute(inputString); } }); } private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> { @Override protected String doInBackground(String... params) { // download some data } @Override protected void onPostExecute(String result) { TextView txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text); txt.setText(result); } } }
6. Old school Android apps • business logic in activities • with all the bad stuff such as networking • and memory leaks • and crashes
7. Modern Android apps • use cleaner architectures • MVP, MVVM, MVI • use libraries heavily • use tests
8. Libraries • save time and work • simplify API • back-port new APIs to older Android version
9. Ideal Android Library • “perform one task and perform it well” • easy to use • open-source • easily available • through a remote Maven repository
10. Ideal Android Library • doesn’t eat too much resources • doesn’t require too many permissions • behave nicely when crashing
11. “I wan’t my app to work on Android from version 4.1.” 98% of Android devices!
12. Support libraries • available through Android SDK • backport newer Android APIs • helper classes • debugging, testing, utilities
13. Support libraries • AsyncTaskLoader • com.android.support:support-core-utils:25.3.0 • ViewPager • com.android.support:support-core-ui:25.3.0 • support fragments • com.android.support:support-fragment:25.3.0
14. Support libraries • AppCompatActivity, ActionBar • com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.0 • RecyclerView • com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:25.3.0 • CardView • com.android.support:cardview-v7:25.3.0
15. Support libraries • com.android.support:support-annotations:25.3.0 • useful annotations • StringRes, IntDef, Nullable, UiThread, WorkerThread, CallSuper, VisibleForTesting, … • com.android.support:design:25.3.0 • Material design
16. Support libraries • Having more than 64k methods? • And supporting Android prior 5.0? • com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
17. “This dependency injection thing sounds useful.”
18. Dagger 2 • dependency injection framework for Android and Java • avoids reflection • uses compile-time generated code
19. Dagger 2 public class SimpleGameProvider { private ApiProvider mApiProvider; private StorageProvider mStorageProvider; @Inject public SimpleProvider(ApiProvider apiProvider, StorageProvider storageProvider) { mApiProvider = apiProvider; mStorageProvider = storageProvider; } public void doSomething() { // … } }
20. Dagger 2 @Module public class AppModule { private Context mApplicationContext; public AppModule(Context applicationContext) { mApplicationContext = applicationContext; } @Singleton @Provides protected OtherProvider provideTheOther(Context context) { return new OtherProvider(context); } }
21. Dagger 2 @Singleton @Component(modules = {AppModule.class}) public interface AppComponent { void inject(MainActivity activity); }
22. Dagger 2 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Inject SimpleProvider mSimpleProvider; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ((MyApplication) getApplication()).getAppComponent().inject(this); // and now we can use mSimpleProvider } }
23. “My server has this REST API…”
24. Retrofit • simple REST client for Android and Java • annotation-based API • type-safe • Rx compatible
25. Retrofit public interface GitHubApi { @GET("/users/{username}") User getUser(@Path("username") String username); @GET("/users/{username}/repos") List<Repo> getUserRepos(@Path("username") String username); @POST("/orgs/{org}/repos") RepoCreationResponse createRepoInOrganization( @Path("org") String organization, @Body RepoCreationRequest request); }
26. Retrofit RestAdapter adapter = new RestAdapter.Builder() .setEndpoint(GITHUB_API_URL) .setRequestInterceptor(new RequestInterceptor() { @Override public void intercept(RequestFacade request) { request.addHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json"); } }) .setLogLevel(RestAdapter.LogLevel.BASIC) .build(); GitHubApi gitHubApi = adapter.create(GitHubApi.class);
27. “And my server has this fancy new features…”
28. OkHttp • an efficient HTTP client for Android and Java • requests can be easily customized • support for HTTP/2 • connection pooling • transparent GZIP • response caching
29. OkHttp OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); return response.body().string();
30. OkHttp • Works out of the box with the latest Retrofit!
31. “The server returns 400. What’s wrong?”
32. Stetho • A debug bridge • hooks into Chrome Developer Tools
33. Stetho • network inspection • database inspection • view hierarchy • dumpapp system allowing custom plugins • command-line interface for communication with the plugins
35. Stetho public class MyApplication extends Application { @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Stetho.initializeWithDefaults(this); } }
37. Stetho OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .addNetworkInterceptor(new StethoInterceptor()) .build();
38. “Why I’m getting this OutOfMemoryError?”
39. LeakCanary • memory leak detection library • notifies about memory leaks during app development
40. LeakCanary dependencies { debugCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.5' releaseCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.5' testCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.5' }
41. “How to display this remote product image?”
42. Image loaders • tons of libs • Universal Image Loader • Picasso • Glide
43. Picasso Picasso.with(context) .load(url) .resize(50, 50) .centerCrop() .placeholder(R.drawable.placeholder) .error(R.drawable.error) .into(vImageView);
44. “How can I notify that class?“ “There has to be some way without refactoring the whole thing!”
45. Event bus • for communication between decoupled parts of an app • EventBus
46. EventBus • events • subscribers • register and unregister • post events public static class MessageEvent { /* fields if needed */ } @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN) public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {/* handle event */}; EventBus.getDefault().register(this); EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this); EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent());
47. “How do I get the data from the server?” “And I have to combine couple of sources.”
48. RxJava • general Java library • reactive programming • push concept • composable data flow
49. RxJava • useful for simple async processing • async composition • offers simple chaining of operations on data • eliminates callback hell
50. RxJava • works well with Retrofit • can completely replace event bus libraries • hard to learn • RxJava 1 vs. RxJava 2 • they will coexist for some time
51. RxJava data flow Observable .from(new String[]{"Hello", "Droidcon!"}) creation
52. RxJava data flow Observable .from(new String[]{"Hello", "Droidcon!"}) .map(new Func1<String, String>() { @Override public String call(String s) { return s.toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault()); } }) creation
53. RxJava data flow Observable .from(new String[]{"Hello", "Droidcon!"}) .map(new Func1<String, String>() { @Override public String call(String s) { return s.toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault()); } }) .reduce(new Func2<String, String, String>() { @Override public String call(String s, String s2) { return s + ' ' + s2; } }) creation transformation
54. RxJava data flow Observable .from(new String[]{"Hello", "Droidcon!"}) .map(new Func1<String, String>() { @Override public String call(String s) { return s.toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault()); } }) .reduce(new Func2<String, String, String>() { @Override public String call(String s, String s2) { return s + ' ' + s2; } }) .subscribe(new Action1<String>() { @Override public void call(String s) { Timber.i(s); } }); creation transformation subscription
55. RxJava data flow with Java 8 creation transformation subscription Observable .from(new String[]{"Hello", "Droidcon!"}) .map(s -> s.toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault())) .reduce((s,s2) -> s + ' ' + s2) .subscribe(s -> Timber.i(s));
56. Other Rx libraries RxAndroid RxBinding RxLifecycle RxNavi SQLBrite RxRelay
57. “This new feature is great! I bet users will love it!”
58. Analytics & crash reporting • Google Analytics • Crashlytics • Firebase
59. “I don’t like this Java language.”
60. Kotlin • not a library • a JVM programming language • “Swift for Android devs"
61. Q: “So all I have to do is to Google for a library to do the thing?”
62. A: “think wisely before adding a new library.”
63. Final thoughts • many potential problems • transitive dependencies • permissions • app size • slow app start • threads • logs
64. Questions?