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Functional Web Architecture
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weavejester
July 04, 2012
Programming
12
1.6k
Functional Web Architecture
Designing web applications with Ring and Compojure
weavejester
July 04, 2012
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Transcript
Functional Web Architecture Designing web applications with Ring and Compojure
twitter: @weavejester code: github.com/weavejester
Ring. What is it?
An abstraction over HTTP
What's HTTP?
A request / response protocol
HTTP Request Server Response
Ring user=> (server request) response
Ring user=> (handler request) response
HTTP Request GET /resource HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.com
HTTP Request GET /resource HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.com method URI headers
Request Map {:request-method :get :uri "/resource" :headers {"host" "www.example.com"}}
HTTP Response HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain Hello World
HTTP Response HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain Hello World status
body headers
Response Map {:status 200 :headers {"Content-Type" "text/plain"} :body "Hello World"}
Ring Map Function Map
No other abstractions
HTTP Request Server Response Ring Map Function Map
HTTP Request Server Response Ring Map Function Map Adapter
Example (defn handler [request] {:status 200 :headers {"Content-Type" "text/plain"} :body
"Hello World"})
Example (use 'ring.util.response) (defn handler [request] (-> (response "Hello World")
(content-type "text/plain")))
Example (use 'ring.util.response 'ring.adapter.jetty) (defn handler [request] (-> (response "Hello
World") (content-type "text/plain"))) (run-jetty handler {:port 3000})
Why abstract at all?
Power
Power to leverage Clojure
Middleware
Not a new abstraction Just higher order functions
Handler Middleware Handler Map Handler Map
Handler Request Response
Middleware Handler Request Response
Middleware Handler Request Response
Identity (defn wrap-identity [handler] (fn [request] (handler request)))
Caching (defn wrap-cache [handler] (fn [request] (or (get-cache request) (let
[response (handler request)] (put-cache! request response) response))))
Content Types (defn wrap-content-type [handler] (fn [request] (let [ext (get-ext
(:uri request)) type (ext-types ext)] (-> (handler request) (content-type type)))))
Parameters (defn wrap-params [handler] (fn [request] (let [query (:query-string request)
params (parse-params query)] (handler (assoc request :params params)))))
Ring core middleware • Query and form parameters • Multipart
file uploads • Cookies • Sessions • Content-types • Static resources
Routing Multiple resources from the same handler
Basic Routing (use 'ring.util.response) (defn handler [request] (case (:uri request)
"/hello" (response "Hello") "/world" (response "World") :else (not-found "Page not found")))
Compojure
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (def hello-route (GET "/hello" request "hello"))
Compojure ; (GET "/hello" request "hello") (def hello-route (fn [request]
(if (and (= (:request-method request) :get) (= (:uri request) "/hello")) "hello" nil))))
Compojure ; (GET "/hello" request "hello") (def hello-route (fn [request]
(if (and (= (:request-method request) :get) (= (:uri request) "/hello")) "hello" nil))))
Compojure ; (GET "/hello" request "hello") (def hello-route (fn [request]
(if (and (= (:request-method request) :get) (= (:uri request) "/hello")) "hello" nil))))
Compojure ; (GET "/hello" request "hello") (def hello-route (fn [request]
(if (and (= (:request-method request) :get) (= (:uri request) "/hello")) "hello" nil))))
Compojure ; (GET "/hello" request "hello") (def hello-route (fn [request]
(if (and (= (:request-method request) :get) (= (:uri request) "/hello")) "hello" nil))))
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (def handler (routes (GET "/hello" _ "hello")
(GET "/world" _ "world")))
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (defroutes handler (GET "/hello" _ "hello") (GET
"/world" _ "world"))
GET /hello GET /world Routes Request Response
GET /hello GET /world Routes nil Request Response
GET /hello GET /world Routes nil Request nil
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (require '[compojure.route :as route]) (defroutes handler (GET
"/hello" _ "hello") (GET "/world" _ "world") (route/not-found "Page Not Found"))
GET /hello route/not-found GET /world Routes nil Request Response nil
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (require '[compojure.route :as route]) (defroutes handler (GET
"/hello" _ "hello") (GET "/world" _ "world") (route/not-found "Page Not Found"))
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (require '[compojure.route :as route]) (defroutes handler (GET
"/:word" request (-> request :params :word)) (route/not-found "Page Not Found"))
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (require '[compojure.route :as route]) (defroutes handler (GET
"/:word" {{word :word} :params} word) (route/not-found "Page Not Found"))
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (require '[compojure.route :as route]) (defroutes handler (GET
"/:word" [word] word) (route/not-found "Page Not Found"))
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (require '[compojure.route :as route] '[clojure.string :as str])
(defroutes handler (GET "/:word" [word] word) (GET "/:word/shout" [word] (str/upper-case word)) (route/not-found "Page Not Found"))
Compojure (use 'compojure.core) (require '[compojure.route :as route] '[clojure.string :as str])
(defroutes handler (context "/:word" [word] (GET "/" word) (GET "/shout" (str/upper-case word))) (route/not-found "Page Not Found"))
Compojure • Create handlers (GET, POST...) • Cascade handlers (routes)
• Nest handlers (context)
Compojure (wrap-authorize (context "/user/:uid" [uid] (let [user (get-user uid)] (routes
(GET "/" [] @user) (PUT "/" [& data] (put! user data)) (DELETE "/" [] (delete! user))))))
Compojure (defn rest-routes [model] (routes (GET "/" [] @model) (PUT
"/" [& data] (put! model data)) (DELETE "/" [] (delete! user))) (wrap-authorize (context "/user/:uid" [uid] (rest-routes (get-user uid))
What's the big idea?
Complex handlers can be a composition of smaller handlers
Function Orientated Architecture
What next? Content negotiation Finite State Machines REST abstractions Clojurescript
integration
Fin. Questions?