CMSとフレームワークの良いとこ取り！PHPerのためのDrupal入門 / Introduction to Drupal for PHPer

https://phperkaigi.jp/2021/
https://fortee.jp/phperkaigi-2021/proposal/3e507cbe-9d3f-4e01-937a-b208b98babb3

Transcript

1. CMSͱϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷྑ͍ͱ͜औΓʂ PHPerͷͨΊͷDrupalೖ໳ ΞΫΠΞδϟύϯ߹ಉձࣾ ؙࢁͻ͔Δ
2. ࠓ೔͓࿩͢͠Δ͜ͱ
3. • 2001೥ʹ஀ੜͨ͠PHP੡ͷΦʔϓϯιʔεCMS • σδλϧମݧΛఏڙ͢ΔͨΊͷϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ • ݸਓϒϩά͔Βେن໛ͳWebαʔϏε·Ͱ
 ෯޿͘ར༻͞ΕΔ 100ສ+ WebαΠτͰՔ ಇ 46,000ਓ+
 Drupal։ൃऀ 8,000ਓ+ ίϯτϦϏϡʔ λʔ 130ສਓ+ ίϛϡχςΟ 51%+
 ੒௕཰(લ೥ൺ)
4. DrupalͰͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ ʮϨγϐ౤ߘαΠτʯΛྫʹɾɾɾ 1. ϩʔΧϧ։ൃ؀ڥͷߏங 2. ։ൃɿαΠτߏங 3. ։ൃɿςʔϚ։ൃ 4. ։ൃɿϞδϡʔϧ։ൃ ϓϩηεʹԊͬͯDrupalΛղઆ
5. 1. ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥߏங 2. αΠτߏங 3. ςʔϚ։ൃ 4. Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃ DrupalͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ
6. ϩʔΧϧ։ൃ؀ڥͷߏங ※Drupal 9.1.x ͷ৔߹ γεςϜཁ݅ – Apache 2.4.7 Ҏ্ – Nginx 0.7.x Ҏ্ – PHP 7.3 Ҏ্
 ※ PHP 8.0 ʹؔͯ͠͸ Drupal 9.1 Ͱਖ਼ࣜʹαϙʔτ – MySQL 5.7.8 Ҏ্ – MariaDB 10.3.7 Ҏ্ – SQLite 3.26 Ҏ্ – (pg_trgm ϞδϡʔϧΛඋ͑ͨ)
 PostgreSQL 10 Ҏ্ ओͳαʔυύʔςΟʔͷґଘؔ܎ – Symfony 4.4 – Twig 2 – CKEditor 4 – PHPUnit 8
7. ϩʔΧϧ։ൃ؀ڥͷߏங ϝδϟʔͳπʔϧ – Lando – Φʔϓϯιʔε – Dockerϕʔεͷ։ൃπʔϧ – LagoonɺPantheonɺPlatform.sh
 ͷϗεςΟϯάϓϩόΠμʔͱͷ౷߹ – Drupal VM – Φʔϓϯιʔε੡ – DrupalʹಛԽͨ͠։ൃ؀ڥΛߏங
 Ծ૝Ϛγϯ΋͘͠͸
 Dockerίϯςφ্ͰՔಇ https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2020/2020-drupal-local-development-survey-results ΈΜͳͷϩʔΧϧ։ൃ؀ڥࣄ৘
8. DrupalͷΫΠοΫελʔτ # DrupalϓϩδΣΫτͷ࡞੒ $ composer create-project drupal/recommended-project MY_PROJECT # ϓϩδΣΫτϧʔτʹҠಈ $ cd MY_PROJECT # ؆қ΢Σϒαʔόʔͷىಈ $ php ./web/core/scripts/drupal quick-start standard
9. 1. ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥߏங 2. αΠτߏங 3. ςʔϚ։ൃ 4. Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃ DrupalͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ
10. Ϩγϐ౤ߘαΠτʹඞཁͳػೳΛߟ͑Δ ΞΧ΢ϯτΛ࡞੒͢Ε͹୭Ͱ΋
 ϨγϐΛ౤ߘͯ͠ϨϏϡʔ͕Ͱ͖ΔαΠτ – Ϣʔβʔ͕ΞΧ΢ϯτΛ࡞੒ɾฤूͰ͖Δ – Ϣʔβʔ͕ϨγϐΛ౤ߘɾฤूͰ͖Δ – ౤ߘ͞ΕͨϨγϐΛҰཡͰݟΕΔ – ࡐྉ͝ͱʹϨγϐΛߜΓࠐΊΔ – ౤ߘ͞ΕͨϨγϐͷϫʔυݕࡧ͕Ͱ͖Δ – ౤ߘ͞ΕͨϨγϐΛਓؾॱʹιʔτͰ͖Δ – ...etc
11. – ίϯςϯπΤϯςΟςΟ – ߏ଄Խ͞Εͨ୯ҰͷΞΠςϜ – ڞ௨ͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͰσʔλ
 ͷ΍ΓͱΓ͕Ͱ͖Δ – ΤϯςΟςΟλΠϓ – ༻్ɺ໨తʹԠͯ͡άϧʔϓԽ – ඪ४Ͱ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔɿίϯςϯπΞΠςϜɺλΫιϊϛʔλʔϜɺ ϢʔβʔϓϩϑΝΠϧ...etc – ΤϯςΟςΟαϒλΠϓ – ΤϯςΟςΟλΠϓΛࡉ෼Խ – ϑΟʔϧυ – ςΩετɺը૾ɺ೔෇ͳͲܕͷܾ·ͬͨσʔλ – ࠶ར༻͕Մೳ – ΤϯςΟςΟαϒλΠϓʹϑΟʔϧυΛ௥ՃͰ͖Δ – Ͳ͏΍ͬͯఆٛ͢Δͷ͔ – Drupalͷ؅ཧը໘͔Β αΠτͷίϯςϯπߏ଄ ΤϯςΟςΟ λΠϓ ΤϯςΟςΟ αϒλΠϓ ϑΟʔϧυ ࢖༻ྫ ίϯςϯπΞΠς Ϝ جຊϖʔδ λΠτϧɺϖʔδຊจ τοϓϖʔδɺαΠ τ֓ཁϖʔδ ίϯςϯπΞΠς Ϝ Ϩγϐ Ϩγϐ໊ɺϖʔδຊจɺ ը૾ɺࡐྉλΫιϊϛʔ ʢࢀরʣ Ϩγϐͷϖʔδ λΫιϊϛʔλʔ Ϝ ࡐྉ ʢͳ͠ʣ ʹΜ͡ΜɺτϚτɺ ͡Ό͕͍΋... ϢʔβʔϓϩϑΝ Πϧ ʢͳ͠ʣ χοΫωʔϜɺϓϩ ϑΟʔϧࣸਅ Ϩγϐ౤ߘऀͷϓϩ ϑΟʔϧϖʔδ Ϩγϐ౤ߘαΠτͷίϯςϯπߏ଄ྫ
12. – Content – ίϯςϯπͷλΠτϧɺຊจ
 – Configuration – ίϯςϯπλΠϓ΍
 λΫιϊϛʔͷఆٛɺ
 ֤ػೳͷઃఆ಺༰ Drupalͷߏ੒؅ཧ σʔλϕʔεʹอ࣋͞ΕΔσʔλ͸...
13. – Content – ίϯςϯπͷλΠτϧɺຊจ
 – Configuration – ίϯςϯπλΠϓ΍
 λΫιϊϛʔͷఆٛɺ
 ֤ػೳͷઃఆ಺༰ Drupalͷߏ੒؅ཧ σʔλϕʔεʹอ࣋͞ΕΔσʔλ͸... Configuration͸YAMLܗࣜͰ
 ΤΫεϙʔτɾΠϯϙʔτͰ͖Δ ͭ·Γ...αΠτͷઃఆΛίʔυϕʔεͰ؅ཧՄೳ ͭ·Γ...όʔδϣϯ؅ཧͱࠩ෼ൺֱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
14. Drupalͷ͙͢ʹ࢖͑Δඪ४ػೳ – ίϯςϯπͷ౤ߘɾදࣔ – ίϯςϯπλΠϓͷఆٛ – λΫιϊϛʔͱϘΩϟϒϥϦʔ – λά෇͚ػೳ – Ϣʔβʔͱϩʔϧ؅ཧ – ࡉ͔͍୯Ґͷݖݶɺϩʔϧ࡞੒ – ϝσΟΞ؅ཧ – ը૾΍ಈըϑΝΠϧͳͲΛҰݩ؅ཧ – ViewsʢΫΤϦϏϧμʔʣ – ϊʔίʔυͰSQLจΛ࡞੒ͯ͠ίϯςϯπͷநग़ – ίϯςϯπͷ౷ܭ؅ཧ – ϖʔδຖͷΞΫηε਺ͷूܭ – ݕࡧ – ඪ४Ͱ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔݕࡧػೳ – Ωϟογϯά – ಈతίϯςϯπͷΩϟογϡ
15. Drupalͷ͙͢ʹ࢖͑Δඪ४ػೳ – ίϯςϯπͷ౤ߘɾදࣔ – ίϯςϯπλΠϓͷఆٛ – λΫιϊϛʔͱϘΩϟϒϥϦʔ – λά෇͚ػೳ – Ϣʔβʔͱϩʔϧ؅ཧ – ࡉ͔͍୯Ґͷݖݶɺϩʔϧ࡞੒ – ϝσΟΞ؅ཧ – ը૾΍ಈըϑΝΠϧͳͲΛҰݩ؅ཧ – ViewsʢΫΤϦϏϧμʔʣ – ϊʔίʔυͰSQLจΛ࡞੒ͯ͠ίϯςϯπͷநग़ – ίϯςϯπͷ౷ܭ؅ཧ – ϖʔδຖͷΞΫηε਺ͷूܭ – ݕࡧ – ඪ४Ͱ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔݕࡧػೳ – Ωϟογϯά – ಈతίϯςϯπͷΩϟογϡ Ϣʔβʔ͕ΞΧ΢ϯτΛ࡞੒ɾฤूͰ͖Δ Ϣʔβʔ͕ϨγϐΛ౤ߘɾฤूͰ͖Δ ౤ߘ͞ΕͨϨγϐΛҰཡͰݟΕΔ ࡐྉ͝ͱʹϨγϐΛߜΓࠐΊΔ ౤ߘ͞ΕͨϨγϐͷϫʔυݕࡧ͕Ͱ͖Δ ౤ߘ͞ΕͨϨγϐΛਓؾॱʹιʔτͰ͖Δ
16. Drupalͷ͙͢ʹ࢖͑Δඪ४ػೳ ᶄ – ଟݴޠػೳ – αΠτͷଟݴޠల։ – ঝೝϫʔΫϑϩʔ – ίϯςϯπͷঝೝϫʔΫϑϩʔΛࣗ༝ʹఆٛ – REST API – Drupal ಺ͷίϯςϯπΛ Web API ͱͯ͠ѻ͏ – εϚϗΞϓϦɺσδλϧαΠωʔδͳͲ
 Ϛϧννϟωϧ΁ͷ഑৴
17. DrupalͷίϚϯυϥΠϯπʔϧ Drush – ΩϟογϡΫϦΞɺߏ੒ઃఆͷΠϯϙʔ – τɺ৽͍͠Ϣʔβʔͷ࡞੒ɺϞδϡʔϧͷ༗ޮ ԽͳͲΛߦ͏ – Drush͸ Drupal Shell ͷུশ Drupal Console – Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃʹ໾ཱͭɺϘΠϥʔϓϨʔ τίʔυͷੜ੒΍σόοάػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ – Symfony Console ͱͦͷଞͷαʔυύʔ ςΟίϯϙʔωϯτͰߏ੒
18. 1. ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥߏங 2. αΠτߏங 3. ςʔϚ։ൃ 4. Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃ DrupalͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ
19. DrupalͷςʔϚ։ൃ ςʔϚͱ͸ɿ αΠτͷݟͨ໨Λఆٛ͢Δ ϑΝΠϧͷू߹ମ https://www.drupal.org/docs/theming-drupal
20. DrupalͷςʔϚ – ίΞςʔϚ – DrupalͷίΞʹؚ·Ε͍ͯΔςʔϚ – ex) ClassyɺBartikɺSevenɺStableɺStark – ίϯτϦϏϡʔτςʔϚ – Drupal.orgͰެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔςʔϚ – ΧελϜςʔϚ – θϩ͔Βɺ͋Δ͍͸αϒςʔϚ
 ͳͲΛϕʔεʹ࡞Δ DrupalͷσϑΥϧτςʔϚʮBartikʯ
21. 1. ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥߏங 2. αΠτߏங 3. ςʔϚ։ൃ 4. Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃ DrupalͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ
22. Ϟδϡʔϧͱ͸ʁ – খ͞ͳػೳͷ୯Ґ – ඪ४ػೳ΋ෳ਺ͷϞδϡʔϧͰߏ੒ – ྫʣϒϩοΫɺviews(ΫΤϦϏϧμʔ)
 ϑΟʔϧυɺݕࡧɺϢʔβʔ؅ཧ...etc – 4ສݸҎ্ͷެ։Ϟδϡʔϧ ϨΰϒϩοΫͷΑ͏ʹػೳΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ DrupalͷΤίγεςϜΛ׆༻ͯ͠ ։ൃ޻਺ΛݮΒ͢
23. Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃ – ϓϩδΣΫτݻ༗ͷϞδϡʔϧ
 = ΧελϜϞδϡʔϧ – Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃͰొ৔͢Δ֓೦ɾ஌ࣝ – OOPʢΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ϓϩάϥϛϯάʣ – ໊લۭؒ – DIʢDependency Injectionʣ – Symfony – Ξϊςʔγϣϯ – ϓϥάΠϯ – αʔϏε modules/custom/loremipsum/ ᵓ── config │ ᵓ── install │ │ └── loremipsum.settings.yml │ └── schema │ └── loremipsum.schema.yml ᵓ── loremipsum.info.yml ᵓ── loremipsum.install ᵓ── loremipsum.links.menu.yml ᵓ── loremipsum.module ᵓ── loremipsum.permissions.yml ᵓ── loremipsum.routing.yml ᵓ── src │ ᵓ── Controller │ │ └── LoremIpsumController.php │ ᵓ── Form │ │ ᵓ── LoremIpsumBlockForm.php │ │ └── LoremIpsumForm.php │ └── Plugin │ └── Block │ └── LoremIpsumBlock.php ᵓ── templates │ └── loremipsum.html.twig └── tests └── src └── Functional └── LoremIpsumTest.php ΧελϜϞδϡʔϧͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ྫ
24. 1. ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥߏங 2. αΠτߏங 3. ςʔϚ։ൃ 4. Ϟδϡʔϧ։ൃ DrupalͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃ
25. ࠓ೔͓࿩ͨ͜͠͠ͱ
26. DrupalΛ͜Ε͔Β࢝ΊΔํ΁ – ಈը – Drupalͷॳ৺ऀ޲͚νϡʔτϦΞϧ
 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVkpj3GMKNm04iyK8K8T8aQ-e86YVvCQE – ΞΫΠΞͷ։ൃऀ޲͚΢ΣϏφʔʮͰͿͪΌΜͶΔʯ
 https://www.acquia.com/jp/resources/webinars/acquia-devchannel-series – ϝσΟΞ – CodeZine ʮDrupal 9Ͱ࢝ΊΔWebαΠτ։ൃೖ໳ʯ
 https://codezine.jp/article/corner/819 – ॻ੶ – Drupal 9 Web։ൃΛ͸͡ΊΔͨΊͷബ͍ຊ
 https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B08R8MNP65