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Rewriting
 12-Year-Old Code

Rewriting
 12-Year-Old Code

Did you ever have to maintain a 12-year-old application? Dead code and tables everywhere, static methods, database queries in between HTML tags and some pages still in PHP3. This presentation will lead you through a progressive rewrite from very old legacy to the latest shiny version of PHP. Learn how to automate legacy testing, how to seamlessly jump between the old and new parts, and how to overcome other challenges that arise from dealing with legacy.

Anna Filina

February 25, 2016
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  1. Feeling old yet? • Y2K bug • Google launched AdWords

    • There was no Twitter, no Facebook, no iTunes • Internet Explorer 5 • ICQ was starting to be cool • Rounded corners = status symbol 8
  2. Objectives • Reduce mistakes • Increase dev. speed • Reduce

    tech. debt • Avoid getting stuck • Increase confidence 9
  3. What happened at order 20117? if ($order_id > 20117) {

    // use this sql } else { // use that sql } // weakness = time to refactor 13
  4. Average legacy code file • 3000-6000 lines of code. •

    Half of it is commented "in case we need it later". • Method length of 800 lines. • Abuse of helper classes. • Sometimes no classes at all. 14
  5. Complex call graph $instance = Model::getInstanceByCode($code); class Model { public

    static function getInstanceByCode($code) { //... $instances = Cache::getCache($cacheIndex); } } class Cache { public static function getCache($cacheIndex) { //... $cache = File::getFileContent($filePath); } } 15
  6. Strategy • Make a strategy based on contraints • Full

    rewrite vs progressive ◦ By class ◦ By module ◦ By HTTP call • How to run code side-by-side ◦ Session sharing 17
  7. Data can be lost, stuff can break • Backup: test

    restore • Staging environment: app versions, configs • Simulate deployments/upgrades • Automate tests before code changes • Make a risk assessment ◦ Don't be too optimistic ◦ Account for side-effects 19
  8. PHP 3 to PHP 5.6 • HTML + PHP +

    SQL in same file • Includes all over the place • IFs that concatenate SQL • Previous rewrite attempt ◦ Failed, made things worse ◦ Folders of dead code ◦ Classes with static functions (no instances) 21
  9. Solution • Rewrite complex forms in Symfony ◦ mod_rewrite for

    concerned pages • Rewrite biggest module as OOP ◦ Design extraction ◦ Automated tests ◦ Flexible architecture 22
  10. Avoid code bias • Old code → design docs •

    Validate design docs ◦ Clarify business rules • Improve design ◦ Reduce tech. debt ◦ More flexible • Design docs → new code 24
  11. Infrastructure • Set up logging ◦ Monolog if PHP version

    allows ◦ file_put_contents if really old version • Set up testing ◦ Mocking static methods: Patchwork or equivalent ◦ Cache API call output 26
  12. Fix long methods • Extract broken part into its own

    method • Write unit tests for it • Fix it • Call it from the mega-method 28
  13. ASP Classic to PHP 5.6 • 15+ spaghetti and hacks

    • Language no longer supported • Huge ERP with lots of code 30
  14. Solution • Symfony to rewrite page by page • mod_rewrite

    for concerned pages • DB session adapter in both apps • Page in any language = HTTP request ◦ Guzzle tests FTW! 31
  15. PHP 5.3 to PHP 5.6 • 12+ spaghetti and hacks

    • Uses deprecated functions • Can't run on PHP 5.6 33
  16. Solution • Split servers into 5.3 and 5.6 for fresh

    start • REST and modern design patterns • AngularJS frontend 34
  17. Alias is your friend (5.3 server) Alias "/module-name" "/var/www/project/angular" <Directory

    "/var/www/project/angular"> RewriteBase /module-name/ </Directory> 36
  18. Try something new • Bounce ideas ◦ New people to

    avoid tunnel vision • Has this been done before? • Can I try another approach? 38
  19. Ask refactoring experts • Pick their brain • Read their

    blog • Hire one for a day ◦ Refactoring strategy ◦ Remove roadblocks ◦ Guidance (one day per week to steer in right direction) 39
  20. Takeaways • Plan before you act • Use known tools

    & methodologies • Get inspiration from others • Refactoring gets easier • Every problem has a solution 40
  21. Anna Filina • Development. • Fix bugs & performance issues.

    • Workshops on testing, Symfony & API. • Advisor on testing strategy, legacy code. 41