Effect of indirect facilitation through grazing on plant community structure in tropical alpine peatlands

I gave this talk at the 2017 BES joint Annual Meeting 2017.

https://alaindanet.github.io

Transcript

1. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Effects of indirect facilitation in tropical alpine communities Dominance and niche differentiation Alain Danet, Fabien Anthelme, Nicolas Gross & Sonia K´ efi 14th November, 2017 University of Montpellier Licence Creative Commons cbea 1
2. Introduction
3. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits 2
4. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Fundamental question in Ecology Why are there so many species ? Macarthur and Levins (1967); Tilman (1982); Chesson (2000) 3
5. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Species interaction ? ? ? Macarthur and Levins (1967); Tilman (1982); Chesson (2000) 4
6. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Negative interactions shape coexistence Predation : e.g. regulation of prey density Competition : e.g. by negative frequence dependance Macarthur and Levins (1967); Chesson (2000); Chesson and Kuang (2008) 5
7. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Indirect facilitation Callaway (2007); Brooker et al. (2008); Lortie et al. (2016) 6
8. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Indirect facilitation - Callaway (2007); Brooker et al. (2008); Lortie et al. (2016) 6
9. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Indirect facilitation - Callaway (2007); Brooker et al. (2008); Lortie et al. (2016) 6
10. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Indirect facilitation - - Callaway (2007); Brooker et al. (2008); Lortie et al. (2016) 6
11. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Indirect facilitation - - + Callaway (2007); Brooker et al. (2008); Lortie et al. (2016) 6
12. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Effects of the positive interactions What are the effects of indirect facilitation on the community assembly ? Sch¨ ob et al. (2012, 2013, 2017) 7
13. Methods
14. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Experiment in Tropical Alpine Peatland • PERU La Paz PACIFIC OCEAN Titicaca Lake CHILE BOLIVIA 0 100 1:4 800 000 200 km N • Codillera Real of Bolivia A peatland Loza Herrera et al. (2015); Raevel et al. (2017) 8
15. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits - - + 9
16. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits - - + Oxychloe andina 9
17. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits - - + Oxychloe andina - Distichia muscoides 9
18. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits - - + Oxychloe andina - Distichia muscoides 9
19. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Experimental design Cage Control Oxychloe andina Distichia muscoides Site 1 Site 2 1m 1m Quadrat 10
20. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Measured variables • Community composition : • Vegetation cover • Functional traits : • Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) • Leaf thickness • Height Violle et al. (2007); Garnier et al. (2016) 11
21. Dominance
22. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain dominance in beneficiary communities despite grazing ? Trait Frequency Kraft et al. (2008); Enquist et al. (2015); Le Bagousse-Pinguet et al. (2017) 12
23. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain dominance in beneficiary communities despite grazing ? Trait Frequency Kraft et al. (2008); Enquist et al. (2015); Le Bagousse-Pinguet et al. (2017) 12
24. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain dominance in beneficiary communities despite grazing ? Trait Frequency Kurtosis and skewness are increasing Kraft et al. (2008); Enquist et al. (2015); Le Bagousse-Pinguet et al. (2017) 12
25. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain dominance in beneficiary communities despite grazing ? Trait Frequency Kurtosis and skewness are decreasing Kraft et al. (2008); Enquist et al. (2015); Le Bagousse-Pinguet et al. (2017) 12
26. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits O.andina maintains dominance of trait values Cushion species Grazing No grazing a a 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 D. muscoides O. andina * ns Kurtosis Skewness LDMC Height 13
27. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits O.andina maintains dominance of trait values Cushion species Grazing No grazing 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 D. muscoides O. andina * ns a a 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 D. muscoides O. andina * ns Kurtosis Skewness LDMC Height 13
28. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits O.andina maintains dominance of trait values Cushion species Grazing No grazing 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 D. muscoides O. andina ns ns 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 D. muscoides O. andina * ns a a 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 D. muscoides O. andina * ns Kurtosis Skewness LDMC Height 13
29. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits O.andina maintains dominance of trait values Cushion species Grazing No grazing 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 D. muscoides O. andina ns ns 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 D. muscoides O. andina ns ns 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 D. muscoides O. andina * ns a a 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 D. muscoides O. andina * ns Kurtosis Skewness LDMC Height 13
30. Niche differentiation
31. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain niche difference between beneficiary species, despite grazing ? Trait Frequency HilleRisLambers et al. (2012); Violle et al. (2012); Bulleri et al. (2016) 14
32. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain niche difference between beneficiary species, despite grazing ? Trait Frequency Niche overlap is increasing HilleRisLambers et al. (2012); Violle et al. (2012); Bulleri et al. (2016) 14
33. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain niche difference between beneficiary species, despite grazing ? Trait Frequency Niche overlap is decreasing HilleRisLambers et al. (2012); Violle et al. (2012); Bulleri et al. (2016) 14
34. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Does indirect facilitation maintain niche difference between beneficiary species, despite grazing ? Trait Frequency Niche overlap is decreasing TIP IC = Average intrapopulation variance Intracommunity variance HilleRisLambers et al. (2012); Violle et al. (2012); Bulleri et al. (2016) 14
35. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits O.andina maintains niche difference between beneficiary species Cushion species Grazing No grazing Niche separation SES T IPIC − 9 − 6 − 3 0 D. muscoides O. andina Height ns * 15
36. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits O.andina maintains niche difference between beneficiary species Cushion species Grazing No grazing Niche separation SES T IPIC − 9 − 6 − 3 0 D. muscoides O. andina Height ns * − 9 − 6 − 3 0 D. muscoides O. andina LDMC ns * 15
37. Conclusion
38. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Take home message Indirect facilitation . . . Maintains coexistence of contrasted functional strategies Maintains niche difference between beneficiary species Enquist et al. (2015); Soliveres et al. (2015); Bulleri et al. (2016) 16
39. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Functional approaches in conservation Use of functional approaches in conservation ? 17
40. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Thank you for listening! Coauthors The Fabien Anthelme Sonia Kéfi Nicolas Gross & Rosa Isela Meneses Ariel Liully Arthur Sanguet Marine Segond Carolina Garcia Lino Support The Team BIOdiversity and people facing climate change in Tropical High Andean Wetlands 18
41. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits R´ ef´ erences Rob W. Brooker, Fernando T. Maestre, Ragan M. Callaway, Christopher L. Lortie, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, Georges Kunstler, Pierre Liancourt, Katja Tielb¨ orger, Justin M. J. Travis, Fabien Anthelme, Cristina Armas, Lluis Coll, Emmanuel Corcket, Sylvain Delzon, Estelle Forey, Zaal Kikvidze, Johan Olofsson, Francisco Pugnaire, Constanza L. Quiroz, Patrick Saccone, Katja Schiffers, Merav Seifan, Blaize Touzard, and Richard Michalet. Facilitation in plant communities : the past, the present, and the future. Journal of Ecology, 96(1) :18–34, 2008. ISSN 1365-2745. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01295.x. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01295.x. Fabio Bulleri, John F. Bruno, Brian R. Silliman, and John J. Stachowicz. Facilitation and the niche : implications for coexistence, range shifts and ecosystem functioning. Functional Ecology, 30(1) :70–78, January 2016. ISSN 02698463. doi : 10.1111/1365-2435.12528. URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2435.12528. Ragan M. Callaway. Positive interactions and interdependence in plant communities. Springer, Dordrecht, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4020-6223-0 978-1-4020-6224-7. OCLC : 255966693. Peter Chesson. Mechanisms of Maintenance of Species Diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31 (1) :343–366, 2000. doi : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343. URL https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343. Peter Chesson and Jessica J. Kuang. The interaction between predation and competition. Nature, 456(7219) : 235–238, November 2008. ISSN 0028-0836, 1476-4687. doi : 10.1038/nature07248. URL http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature07248. 19
42. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Brian J. Enquist, Jon Norberg, Stephen P. Bonser, Cyrille Violle, Colleen T. Webb, Amanda Henderson, Lindsey L. Sloat, and Van M. Savage. Scaling from Traits to Ecosystems. In Advances in Ecological Research, volume 52, pages 249–318. Elsevier, 2015. ISBN 978-0-12-802445-4. URL http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0065250415000070. E. Garnier, M.L. Navas, and K. Grigulis. Plant Functional Diversity : Organism Traits, Community Structure, and Ecosystem Properties. Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN 9780198757375. URL https://books.google.fr/books?id=tovpCgAAQBAJ. J. HilleRisLambers, P.B. Adler, W.S. Harpole, J.M. Levine, and M.M. Mayfield. Rethinking Community Assembly through the Lens of Coexistence Theory. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 43(1) : 227–248, December 2012. ISSN 1543-592X, 1545-2069. doi : 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160411. URL http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160411. N. J. B. Kraft, R. Valencia, and D. D. Ackerly. Functional Traits and Niche-Based Tree Community Assembly in an Amazonian Forest. Science, 322(5901) :580–582, October 2008. ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203. doi : 10.1126/science.1160662. URL http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1160662. Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Nicolas Gross, Fernando T. Maestre, Vincent Maire, Francesco de Bello, Carlos Roberto Fonseca, Jens Kattge, Enrique Valencia, Jan Leps, and Pierre Liancourt. Testing the environmental filtering concept in global drylands. Journal of Ecology, 105(4) :1058–1069, July 2017. ISSN 1365-2745. doi : 10.1111/1365-2745.12735. URL http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12735/abstract. Christopher J. Lortie, Alessandro Filazzola, and Diego A. Sotomayor. Functional assessment of animal interactions with shrub-facilitation complexes : a formal synthesis and conceptual framework. Functional Ecology, 30(1) : 41–51, January 2016. ISSN 02698463. doi : 10.1111/1365-2435.12530. URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2435.12530. 20
43. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Susi Loza Herrera, Rosa Meneses, Fabien Anthelme, and others. Comunidades vegetales de los bofedales de la Cordillera Real (Bolivia) bajo el calentamiento global. Ecolog´ ıa en Bolivia, 50(1) :39–56, 2015. URL http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?pid=S1605-25282015000100004&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en. Robert Macarthur and Richard Levins. The limiting similarity, convergence, and divergence of coexisting species. The American Naturalist, 101(921) :377–385, 1967. Val´ erie Raevel, Fabien Anthelme, Rosa Isela Meneses, and Fran¸ cois Munoz. Cushion-plant protection determines guild-dependent plant strategies in high-elevation peatlands of the Cordillera Real, Bolivian Andes. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, October 2017. ISSN 1433-8319. doi : 10.1016/j.ppees.2017.09.006. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831916301676. Christian Sch¨ ob, Bradley J. Butterfield, and Francisco I. Pugnaire. Foundation species influence trait-based community assembly. New Phytologist, 196(3) :824–834, November 2012. ISSN 0028646X. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04306.x. URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04306.x. Christian Sch¨ ob, Cristina Armas, Manuela Guler, Iv´ an Prieto, and Francisco I. Pugnaire. Variability in functional traits mediates plant interactions along stress gradients. Journal of Ecology, 101(3) :753–762, May 2013. ISSN 00220477. doi : 10.1111/1365-2745.12062. URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2745.12062. Christian Sch¨ ob, Petr Macek, Nuria Pist´ on, Zaal Kikvidze, and Francisco I. Pugnaire. A trait-based approach to understand the consequences of specific plant interactions for community structure. Journal of Vegetation Science, 28(4) :696–704, July 2017. ISSN 1654-1103. doi : 10.1111/jvs.12523. URL http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvs.12523/abstract. Santiago Soliveres, Fernando T. Maestre, Miguel Berdugo, and Eric Allan. A missing link between facilitation and plant species coexistence : nurses benefit generally rare species more than common ones. Journal of Ecology, 103(5) :1183–1189, September 2015. ISSN 1365-2745. doi : 10.1111/1365-2745.12447. URL http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12447/abstract. 21
44. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits D. Tilman. Resource Competition and Community Structure. Monographs in population biology. Princeton University Press, 1982. ISBN 978-0-691-08302-5. URL https://books.google.fr/books?id=-nx11-ExBd0C. Cyrille Violle, Marie-Laure Navas, Denis Vile, Elena Kazakou, Claire Fortunel, Ir` ene Hummel, and Eric Garnier. Let the concept of trait be functional ! Oikos, 116(5) :882–892, May 2007. ISSN 0030-1299, 1600-0706. doi : 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15559.x. URL http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15559.x. Cyrille Violle, Brian J. Enquist, Brian J. McGill, Lin Jiang, C´ ecile H. Albert, Catherine Hulshof, Vincent Jung, and Julie Messier. The return of the variance : intraspecific variability in community ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(4) :244–252, April 2012. ISSN 01695347. doi : 10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.014. URL http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534711003375. 22
45. Credits
46. Introduction Methods Dominance Niche differentiation Conclusion R´ ef´ erences Credits Flower, by Marek Polakovic Leaves, by Marek Polakovic Wheat, by Marek Polakovic Alpaca, by Chanut is Industries Business Competition, by BomSymbols 23