Tillamook Studio | Urban Metabolism | Research & Development - 2021

Transcript

1. War Time Defensive Development Inputing Weaponized Aviation With World War II well under way, the United States was looking for an e icient anti-submarine patrol to protect its coastlines. It was decided that the K-class airships, blimps were perfect for the job. The blimps were the ideal choice for patrolling coastline as they could stay in the air for days rather than only for a few hours that the airplanes could. To accommodate the blimps, 17 hangers were constructed along the country’s coastline, 2 being placed in Tillamook. They would go onto build the blimps in the hangers Naval Air Station Tillamook’s Hanger B was completed in August of 1943. Hanger A was finished shortly after, built in just 27 days! The hangars were made entirely of wood, to conserve metal during wartimes. They measured over 1,000 feet in length, and almost 300 feet in width. Together, the hangars covered a total of just over 7 acres! K-class airships (blimps) worked out of the air station, run and operated by the ZP-33 Squadron. The blimps patrolled the coastline looking out for submarines from the opposing side. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the blimps were no longer necessary, and the Air base and sta was reduced. Just three short years later, the Tillamook Air Station was decommissioned. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Aviation Development
2. 1996 - Present 1943 - 1948 Commercial Development RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Transitional Development After the decommissioning of the Air Station, the site still continued to serve Tillamook. The hangers would be used in various functions. These functions would consist of lumber companies using the hangers for operations and storage, construction of small airplanes. Hanger A would be prioritized for storing bales of straw which would eventually lead to the burning down of the hanger in 1992. Three lumber companies in the Tillamook area—Rosenberg, Angel Lumber, and Diamond Lumber—had their operations in the hangars from 1949 to 1982. In 1984, Wren Aircraft leased Hangar A to build Cessna 182 Skylanes. In 1992, the Port of Tillamook Bay established a small blimp museum and by 1996 had acquired one of the finest collections of operational vintage World War I, II aircraft and modern aircraft. Outside of the hangers, there are a variation of business that exist on the site. Because a large piece of land was built up for the air station, it left a lot of opportunity for growth that created such a diversely programmed site. Today, their is an open potential to expand the activities that could promote the Port of Tillamook Bay. War Development Outputting Living Aviation 1949 - 1992 Industrial Development
3. DRONE DEVELOPMENT NETWORK TUTR -Tillamook UAS Test Range NSC - Near Space Corporation RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Aviation Development
4. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Drone Development Agricultural Drones Through UAS Training .
5. Incubator Farms Incubator farms are small parcels of land and/or infrastructure temporarily given to people as a means to either hone farming skills or to launch a farming business. While there already is an abundance of land dedicated to agriculture, almost all of it is for cattle, limiting the variety of crops grown in Tillamook county. Incubator farms may be the solution to expanding this variety. Backyard Farms There are small patches of developed areas in this county, like Tillamook, Bay City, and Garibaldi. These cities are also possible areas for increasing crop variety as one can start their own backyard farm. Through these, residents will be exposed to more fresh and local produce, encouraging a healthier diet while allowing them to reduce costs on imported products. Agricultural Diversity: Incubator Farms Research and Development
6. Growable Crops The area of Tillamook County falls between hardiness zones 8a-9a, meaning that this region has mild winters and temperate summers, allowing for a long growing season. There is a large variety of growable crops in this type of climate. Hardiness Zones 8a 8b 9a Carrots Peas Broccoli Celery Collards Spinach Artichoke Asparagus Cucumber Rhubarb Strawberries Apples Pear Apricot Fig Cherries Beets Bell Peppers Chives Thyme Rosemary Agricultural Diversity: Growable Crops Research and Development
7. CONSERVATION + RESTORATION TIDAL WETLANDS Habitat Enhancement and Restoration: to develop, prioritize, and implement on-the-ground projects that address the critical problems of habitat loss, water quality degradation, sedimentation, and impaired floodplain function. Prioritization of tidal wetlands for protection and restoration was established as a goal in the Tillamook Bay National Estuary Program’s Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (TBNEP 1998). A tidal wetland is a wetland that is periodically inundated by tidal waters, generally daily at high tide or monthly during spring tides, but at least annually. Tidal wetlands serve many vital functions in the watershed. Many of these functions are evaluated in the hydrogeomorphic functional assessment method for tidal wetlands of the Oregon coast (Adamus 2006). These functions include water quality protection (sediment detention and stabilization, nutrient and contaminant stabilization and processing), ecological support (food chain support, native vegetation support), and wildlife habitat (for fish, birds, invertebrates, and mammals) (Adamus 2006). Oregon’s tidal wetlands include mud flats, aquatic bed habitats, emergent marsh, scrub shrub wetlands, and forested wetlands. The Tillamook Bay estuary contains all of these tidal wetland habitat types. As in other estuaries, the low marsh is located near the ocean on the fringes of the bay. High marsh is located slightly upslope from low marsh. Tidal swamps are located further from the bay where ocean salinities are diluted by fresh river flows, allowing woody species to survive. (Brophy 2007) Marine Resources: Estuarine Restoration RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
8. Reforestation Drones Through UAS Training RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Drone Development
9. POTENTIAL RESTORATION ALTERNATIVES ALTERATION TYPE Remove tide gate; replace tide gate/restrictive culvert with bridge; install self-regulating tide gate for controlled tidal exchange; install fish-friendly tide gate Tide gates or restrictive culverts Dike removal; dike breach; setback dike Dikes Channel meander reconnection; ditch filling; meander restoration Ditches Pasture management; riparian fencing and plantings; o -channel watering; removal of livestock Grazing Remove spoils to historic wetland grade, based on nearby reference area Dredged material disposal Upgrade culvert; install bridge; raise road on viaduct to allow non channelized flow underneath; realign road/railroad and remove fill Road/railroad crossings No restoration action needed, but protect existing wetland; establish bu ers; plant trees/shrubs where appropriate in former swamp areas or on natural levees; apply other active wetland management techniques where needed None RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS fisheries.noaa.gov Marine Resources: Estuarine/Riverine Restoration RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
10. KILCHIS RIVER CURRENT Conditions at present Projected conditions on current trajectory Projected conditions if proposed processes are implemented disconnected from tributary streams widened channels reconnected to existing and former tributaries PROJECTED A PROJECTED B WILSON RIVER TRASK RIVER under-utilized floodplains straightened channels, faster flows slower flows, lower temperatures recharged floodplains KILCHIS RIVER WILSON RIVER under-utilized floodplains straightened channels, faster flows slower flows, lower temperatures straightened channels, faster flows under-utilized floodplains KILCHIS RIVER CURRENT Conditions at present Projected conditions on current trajectory Projected conditions if proposed processes are implemented PROJECTED A PROJECTED B Conditions at present Projected conditions on current trajectory Projected conditions if proposed processes are implemented KILCHIS RIVER CURRENT Conditions at present Projected conditions on current trajectory Projected conditions if proposed processes are implemented disconnected from tributary streams widened channels reconnected to existing and former tributaries PROJECTED A PROJECTED B WILSON RIVER TRASK RIVER under-utilized floodplains straightened channels, faster flows slower flows, lower temperatures recharged floodplains Marine Resources: Riverine Restoration RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
11. Site Higher Wildfires and Extreme Heat Flooding and Tsunamis Earthquakes and Landslides Emergency Management Research Buildings can only prepare for potential emergencies. Structures can have increased defenses against disasters through position, material composition, and conformation to updated buliding codes. Tillamook Evacuation The primary evacuation route for the area is towards U.S. 101, then either North or South depending on where the disaster is taking place. Moving away from the coast is top priority during a tsunami or flood. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Emergency Management
12. IMPACT OF FISH HATCHERIES fish abundance is an indicator of how well we steward a healthy ecosystem WILD FISHING > AQUAPONICS > FISH HATCHERIES Nutrient and Effluent Build-up happens when there is a high density of fish within an area. Fish produce waste, and their waste has the potential to build up in the surrounding area. This can deplete the water of oxygen, creating algal blooms and dead zones. Improvements in aquaculture have created safer, more sustainable practices, but the closed-loop nature of aquaponics removes the need to moderate volume and reduce waste. By using the fish waste as fertilizer for the connected crops, the potential for pollution and build-up ceases to be an issue. Healthy ecosystems depend on wild fish. Wild fish complete their life cycles naturally, benefiting entire ecosystems. Rather than confront environmental problems that cause fish decline, decision-makers try to manufacture new fish. Wild salmon and steelhead in the Pacific Northwest rely on a flourishing, stable system of river basins and estuaries. Aquaponics serves as a self-contained compromise to the argument of wild fishing versus fish hatcheries. Marine Resources: Hatcheries RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
13. AQUAPONICS AND WATERSHEDS Environmental and hydrological benefits Water Conservation: Aquaponics uses 90% less water than traditional farming. Water and nutrients are recycled in a closed-loop fashion which conserves water. Aquaponics Protects Waterways: No harmful fertilizer run off into the water shed. In efforts to maintain nutrient rich soil, farms have to use a lot of fertilizers, those excess fertilizers eventually make it the rivers and estuaries, where there are countless harmful side effects. Overcoming Soil Challenges: Getting soil just right usually requires a lot of human (or animal) involvement - composting, tilling, adding organic material or fertilizer, applying just the right amount of water, in adequate frequency. Aquaponics removes soil from the equation completely. This also allows for former croplands adjacent to rivers and streams to be rehabilitated into riparian corridors. Natural and Replenishing Fertilizer: Aquaponics gets its nutrients from the water source, the byproducts of the fish system, and possibly from the media materials as well. No manufactured fertilizers are necessary. Producing No Waste: Since aquaponic mimics nature, there really isn’t any form of waste. Any solids collected from the fish system can be added to compost. Any unharvested plant material from the system can be fed to animals or composted, and very little if any water needs to be discharged. Reducing Food Miles: Aquaponics allows for the freedom of decentralizing food production, providing the community with nutritious alternatives to sourcing food in a way that consumes immense amounts of oil and gas to store and transport. Marine Resources: Aquaponics RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
14. Source: brackish water water filtration brewing beer wastewater collection Brews beer with salt water Implements a closed loop system sourced by a local aquifer living machine water treatment recharged groundwater PROPOSAL: CLOSED LOOP BREWING SYSTEM Precedents: Drawing on the model of aquaponics, a closed-loop brewing system sourced by the brackish waters of the estuarine ecosystem would decentralized the brewing process. With no connection to the municipal water supply or sewer system, this sequence would help maintain the groundwater table and prevent sanitation inundation. Through using the briney waters of the bay to brew, this system would make more fresh water available in the area, shoring up the city’s defense against climate-change induced water shortages. Food & Beverage RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
15. Ammonia Rich Water Clean Water Biofilters Fish Hatchery Incubator Farm Advantages -Allows for sustainable and intensive food production systems -Extremely more water e icient, estimating to require over 90% less water than conventional farms -Does not require fertilizers or chemical pesticides -Creates little to no waste Aquaponic Applications on Site Aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponics into one production system. Aquaponics relies on the food introduced for fish, which works as the system’s input. As fish eat this food and process it, they transform it into urine and fecal matter, both rich in ammonia, which in su icient quantities can be toxic to plants and fish. This integration between fish and plants can be applied on our site on a larger scale. There are currently three fish hatcheries within the Tillamook County, and the possibility of many more. The fish excrement from these is discarded as waste and often ends up back in the ocean. Not only can this waste be diverted away from the ocean, it can be put to use. The implementation of incubator farms adjacent to fish hatcheries can allow for the creation of an aquaponics. Disadvantages -High upfront costs -Requires extensive knowledge in farming, fish, and bacteria -Di iculty finding the perfect matchup between fish and plants, in respect to pH levels and temperatures -High energy Consumption -High labor costs Water Access Aquaponics Research and Development
16. Advantages -More e icient use of land -O ers a solution to future food demands -Uses significantly less water -Protects from disease, pests, and weather -Allows for easier growth of organic crops -Allows for year-round growing seasons Vertical Farming Vertical farming is the practice of producing food on vertically inclined surfaces. Instead of farming vegetables and other foods on a single level, such as in a field or a greenhouse, this method produces foods in vertically stacked layers commonly integrated into other structures like a skyscraper, shipping container or repurposed warehouse. Using Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) technology, this modern idea uses indoor farming techniques. The artificial control of temperature, light, humidity, and gases makes producing foods and medicine indoor possible. In many ways, vertical farming is similar to greenhouses where metal reflectors and artificial lighting augment natural sunlight. The primary goal of vertical farming is maximizing crops output in a limited space. Disadvantages -High upfront costs -High energy consumption -High labor costs -Makes pollination di icult -Very vulnerable to power outages -Requires expert to set up Conventional Vertical - - Vertical Farming Research and Development
17. Vertical Farming Crop Cycling Compost & Organic Fertilizer Reduced Tilling Education for New Agricultural Practices Aquaponics Training Tillamook Bay Community College The community college is the main higher education institution in Tillamook. Average annual enrollment is 2,060, which is equal to 8% of the county’s total population. The Associate of Applied Science in Agricultural Technology is a popular program that prepares future members of the agriculture industry for conventional farming. OSU Extension Services Oregon State University has an extension in Tillamook. It o ers programs and seminars, but not necessarily degree programs. Development Proposal Expand existing educational institutions to o er certification programs relavent to the job types in the area. Note that a four year education is not desired by all. Only 21.8% of Tillamook County residents over 25 have a Bachelor’s degree. By o ering more a ordable, short term programs, these educational institutions can help people enter the workforce. This is also a way to introduce new farming methods, like vertical farming. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Agricultural Education Site
18. Non-Seasonal Seasonal 39% 61% 71 % Owner - Occupied 29% Rented 70% of Rental Homes are Single Family Houses or Mobile Homes Only 5.3% of Homes are rent-able non-seasonal units in multi-family buildings. Tillamook County Housing Density: 17.2 OR Housing Density: 18.4 U.S. Housing Density: 38.9 Non-seasonal Housing Housing Development Development Proposal The permanent residences in Tillamook County are needed to support all local industries, including agriculture, tourism, and recreation. Many homes in the area do not support the local economy year-round. Construct multi-family housing to increase urban density and house more low income households. Due to the lower average earnings, people in Tillamook could benefit from a lower cost of living. This includes both families and young adults looking to enter the local workforce. Average Individual Annual Income: $25,539 ($5,171 below OR avg) Average Household Income: $49,895 ($12,923 below OR avg) Poverty rate: 13% RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Support Housing Site Note: Housing statistics are from 2014, published in 2017 by czb, LLC.
20. Bethel Baptist Church Kilchi’s House Tillamook County Fairgrounds Tillamook Serenity Club Latimer Quilt & Textile Center Existing Conference Facilities Development Proposal Events and meetings are held in many nearby community buildings. This includes sites like the Tillamook County Fairgrounds and Kilchi’s House. The majority of the available conference spaces are to the Northwest of our site. As it stands, there are meeting places in Tillamook County. There is even one on our site, Bethel Baptist Church. However, if the population continues to increase in Tillamook county, the existing spaces will become insu icient. In the past decade, the population increased by just over two thousand. So it may take some time to gather enough residents to necessitate more meeting places. The eventual solution will be to establish event/conference spaces in existing metropolitan centers. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Conference Facilities