15 Docker Tips in 5 Minutes

An lightning talk I gave at a Twitter HQ meetup about Docker (http://www.docker.io/). The content was extracted from Hands on with Docker, a 3-hour intro-level Docker training class I will be teaching on Monday, Nov 11, 2013. Go to http://handsonwith.com/ to sign up.

Transcript

1. ì   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   Brian  Morearty                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nov  5,  2013  
2. 1.  Getting  the  id  of  the  last-­‐run   container     15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   2  
3. •  You  could  do  this:       •  But  you  have  to  keep  assigning  IDs.   •  Try  this  instead:   ! $ ID=$(docker run ubuntu echo hello world)! hello world! $ docker commit $ID helloworld! fd08a884dc79! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   3  
4. ! $ alias dl='docker ps -l -q'! $ docker run ubuntu echo hello world! hello world! $ dl! 1904cf045887! $ docker commit `dl` helloworld! fd08a884dc79! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   4  
5. 2.  Why  you  always  want  a  Dockerfile,  even   if  you  install  everything  in  the  shell   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   5  
6. $ docker run -i -t ubuntu bash! root@db0c3978abf8:/# apt-get install postgresql! Reading package lists... Done! Building dependency tree... Done! etc., etc., etc.! root@db0c3978abf8:/# exit! $ docker commit \! -run='{"Cmd":["postgres", 
 "-too -many -opts"]}' \! `dl` postgres! 5061b88e4cf0! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   6  
7.   •  Instead,  make  a  wee  liEle   Dockerfile  that  is  FROM  the  image   you  made  interacGvely.   •  There  you  can  set  CMD,   ENTRYPOINT,  VOLUME,  etc.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   7  
8. 3.  Su-­‐su-­‐sudo   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   8  
9. TOMATO       TOMAHTO   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   9  
10. # Add the docker group.! $ sudo groupadd docker! ! # Add self to the docker group. ! $ sudo gpasswd -a myusername docker! ! # Restart the docker daemon! $ sudo service docker restart! ! # logout and in again.! $ exit! ! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   10  
11. 4.  Take  out  the  garbage   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   11  
12. ! ! $ docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)!   •  Deletes  all  stopped  containers.   •  (Tries,  but  conveniently  fails,  to  delete  sGll-­‐ running  containers.)   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   12  
13. 5.  jq  -­‐  the  gangsta  way  to  parse     docker inspect’s  output ! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   13  
14. ! $ docker inspect `dl` | \! grep IPAddress | cut -d '"' -f 4! 172.17.0.52! ! $ docker inspect `dl` | \! jq -r '.[0].NetworkSettings.IPAddress'! 172.17.0.52! !     •  JSON  is  for  JavaScript.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   14  
15. 6.  What  environment  variables  does   an  image  have?     15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   15  
16. ! $ docker run ubuntu env! HOME=/! PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/ usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin! container=lxc! HOSTNAME=5e1560b7f757!     •  This  is  nice  when  using  docker run
 -link  to  connect  containers.  (Later  slide.)   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   16  
17. 7.  RUN  vs.  CMD  instruction   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   17  
18. ! FROM thelanddownunder! MAINTAINER crocdundee! ! # docker build will execute these:! RUN apt-get update! RUN apt-get install softwares! ! # docker run runs this cmd by default:! CMD ["softwares"]!     •  A  Dockerfile.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   18  
19. 8.  CMD  vs.  ENTRYPOINT  instruction   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   19  
20. ! $ cat Dockerfile! FROM ubuntu! CMD ["echo"]! ! $ docker run \
 imagename \
 echo hello! hello! ! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   20   ! $ cat Dockerfile! FROM ubuntu! ENTRYPOINT ["echo"]! ! $ docker run \
 imagename \
 echo hello! echo hello! !     •  Overrideable.       •  Not  overrideable.  
21. 9.  Does  a  Docker  container  have  its   own  IP  address?     15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   21  
22. ! $ ip -4 -o addr show eth0! 2: eth0 inet 162.243.139.222/24! ! $ docker run ubuntu \! ip -4 -o addr show eth0! 149: eth0 inet 172.17.0.43/16!   •  Yep.  It’s  like  a  process  with  an  IP  address.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   22  
23. 10.  Docker’s  architecture:  thin  CLI  client,   REST  server  daemon  over  UNIX  socket   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   23  
24. ! # Connect to the UNIX socket and make! # like an HTTP client.! $ nc -U //var/run/docker.sock! GET /images/json HTTP/1.1! ! HTTP/1.1 200 OK! Content-Type: application/json! Date: Tue, 05 Nov 2013 23:18:09 GMT! Transfer-Encoding: chunked! ! 16aa! [{"Repository":"postgres","Tag":”.........!     •  Orange  is  what  I  typed.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   24  
25. 11.  Graph  the  dependencies  among   your  images     15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   25  
26. ! # Generate an image dependency diagram! $ docker images -viz | \! dot -Tpng -o docker.png! ! # To see it, run this on the host:! $ python -m SimpleHTTPServer! ! # then browse to:! # http://machinename:8000/docker.png!     15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   26  
27. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   27   •  And  hope  yours  doesn’t  look  like  this.  
28. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   28  
29. 12.  Where  does  Docker  store   everything?   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   29  
30. ! $ sudo su! # cd /var/lib/docker! # ls -F! containers/ graph/ repositories volumes/!     •  Explore!   •  “graph”  means  images.   •  Filesystem  layers  are  in  graph/imageid/layer.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   30  
31. 13.  Docker  source  code:  Go,  Go,  Go,   Grabote.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   31  
32. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   32  
33. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   33   commands.go   The  CLI.     api.go   The  REST  API  router.     server.go   ImplementaGon  of  much  of  the  the  REST  API.   buildfile.go   The  Dockerfile  parser.  
34. 14.  RUN  some  daemons,  exit  the   container.  What  happens?   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   34  
35. $ cat Dockerfile! FROM ubuntu:12.04! MAINTAINER Brian Morearty! ...! RUN pg_ctl start ...! ! $ docker run -i -t postgresimage bash! root@08d363f57161:/# ps aux! # Doesn’t show postgres daemon!         •  Don’t  run  a  daemon  in  your  Dockerfile.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   35  
36. 15.  Letting  containers  talk  to  each   other   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   36  
37. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   37   • I  saved  the  best  for   last.  
38. # Run a container. Give it a name.! $ docker run -d -name loldb loldbimage! ! # Run another. Link it to the first,! # using an alias.! $ docker run -link /loldb:cheez \! otherimage env! CHEEZ_PORT=tcp://172.17.0.8:6379! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP=tcp://172.17.0.8:6379! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP_ADDR=172.17.0.12! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP_PORT=6379! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP_PROTO=tcp! !         •  This  sets  up  a  bridge.  2nd  container  needs  to   know  aliased  name  (CHEEZ)  and  port  (1337).   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   38  
39. Extracted  from  my   intro-­‐level   Hands  on  with   Docker  class.     (In  partnership   with  Docker,  Inc.)     Beta  class  this   Monday,  6-­‐9pm.   handsonwith.com   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   39