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15 Docker Tips in 5 Minutes

15 Docker Tips in 5 Minutes

An lightning talk I gave at a Twitter HQ meetup about Docker (http://www.docker.io/). The content was extracted from Hands on with Docker, a 3-hour intro-level Docker training class I will be teaching on Monday, Nov 11, 2013. Go to http://handsonwith.com/ to sign up.

Brian Morearty

November 05, 2013
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  1. ì   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   Brian

     Morearty                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nov  5,  2013  
  2. 1.  Getting  the  id  of  the  last-­‐run   container  

      15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   2  
  3. •  You  could  do  this:       •  But

     you  have  to  keep  assigning  IDs.   •  Try  this  instead:   ! $ ID=$(docker run ubuntu echo hello world)! hello world! $ docker commit $ID helloworld! fd08a884dc79! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   3  
  4. ! $ alias dl='docker ps -l -q'! $ docker run

    ubuntu echo hello world! hello world! $ dl! 1904cf045887! $ docker commit `dl` helloworld! fd08a884dc79! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   4  
  5. 2.  Why  you  always  want  a  Dockerfile,  even   if

     you  install  everything  in  the  shell   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   5  
  6. $ docker run -i -t ubuntu bash! root@db0c3978abf8:/# apt-get install

    postgresql! Reading package lists... Done! Building dependency tree... Done! etc., etc., etc.! root@db0c3978abf8:/# exit! $ docker commit \! -run='{"Cmd":["postgres", 
 "-too -many -opts"]}' \! `dl` postgres! 5061b88e4cf0! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   6  
  7.   •  Instead,  make  a  wee  liEle   Dockerfile  that

     is  FROM  the  image   you  made  interacGvely.   •  There  you  can  set  CMD,   ENTRYPOINT,  VOLUME,  etc.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   7  
  8. # Add the docker group.! $ sudo groupadd docker! !

    # Add self to the docker group. ! $ sudo gpasswd -a myusername docker! ! # Restart the docker daemon! $ sudo service docker restart! ! # logout and in again.! $ exit! ! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   10  
  9. ! ! $ docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)!  

    •  Deletes  all  stopped  containers.   •  (Tries,  but  conveniently  fails,  to  delete  sGll-­‐ running  containers.)   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   12  
  10. 5.  jq  -­‐  the  gangsta  way  to  parse    

    docker inspect’s  output ! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   13  
  11. ! $ docker inspect `dl` | \! grep IPAddress |

    cut -d '"' -f 4! 172.17.0.52! ! $ docker inspect `dl` | \! jq -r '.[0].NetworkSettings.IPAddress'! 172.17.0.52! !     •  JSON  is  for  JavaScript.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   14  
  12. 6.  What  environment  variables  does   an  image  have?  

      15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   15  
  13. ! $ docker run ubuntu env! HOME=/! PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/ usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin! container=lxc!

    HOSTNAME=5e1560b7f757!     •  This  is  nice  when  using  docker run
 -link  to  connect  containers.  (Later  slide.)   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   16  
  14. ! FROM thelanddownunder! MAINTAINER crocdundee! ! # docker build will

    execute these:! RUN apt-get update! RUN apt-get install softwares! ! # docker run runs this cmd by default:! CMD ["softwares"]!     •  A  Dockerfile.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   18  
  15. ! $ cat Dockerfile! FROM ubuntu! CMD ["echo"]! ! $

    docker run \
 imagename \
 echo hello! hello! ! 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   20   ! $ cat Dockerfile! FROM ubuntu! ENTRYPOINT ["echo"]! ! $ docker run \
 imagename \
 echo hello! echo hello! !     •  Overrideable.       •  Not  overrideable.  
  16. 9.  Does  a  Docker  container  have  its   own  IP

     address?     15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   21  
  17. ! $ ip -4 -o addr show eth0! 2: eth0

    inet 162.243.139.222/24! ! $ docker run ubuntu \! ip -4 -o addr show eth0! 149: eth0 inet 172.17.0.43/16!   •  Yep.  It’s  like  a  process  with  an  IP  address.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   22  
  18. 10.  Docker’s  architecture:  thin  CLI  client,   REST  server  daemon

     over  UNIX  socket   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   23  
  19. ! # Connect to the UNIX socket and make! #

    like an HTTP client.! $ nc -U //var/run/docker.sock! GET /images/json HTTP/1.1! ! HTTP/1.1 200 OK! Content-Type: application/json! Date: Tue, 05 Nov 2013 23:18:09 GMT! Transfer-Encoding: chunked! ! 16aa! [{"Repository":"postgres","Tag":”.........!     •  Orange  is  what  I  typed.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   24  
  20. 11.  Graph  the  dependencies  among   your  images    

    15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   25  
  21. ! # Generate an image dependency diagram! $ docker images

    -viz | \! dot -Tpng -o docker.png! ! # To see it, run this on the host:! $ python -m SimpleHTTPServer! ! # then browse to:! # http://machinename:8000/docker.png!     15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   26  
  22. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   27   • 

    And  hope  yours  doesn’t  look  like  this.  
  23. ! $ sudo su! # cd /var/lib/docker! # ls -F!

    containers/ graph/ repositories volumes/!     •  Explore!   •  “graph”  means  images.   •  Filesystem  layers  are  in  graph/imageid/layer.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   30  
  24. 13.  Docker  source  code:  Go,  Go,  Go,   Grabote.  

    15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   31  
  25. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   33   commands.go

      The  CLI.     api.go   The  REST  API  router.     server.go   ImplementaGon  of  much  of  the  the  REST  API.   buildfile.go   The  Dockerfile  parser.  
  26. 14.  RUN  some  daemons,  exit  the   container.  What  happens?

      15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   34  
  27. $ cat Dockerfile! FROM ubuntu:12.04! MAINTAINER Brian Morearty! ...! RUN

    pg_ctl start ...! ! $ docker run -i -t postgresimage bash! root@08d363f57161:/# ps aux! # Doesn’t show postgres daemon!         •  Don’t  run  a  daemon  in  your  Dockerfile.   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   35  
  28. 15.  Letting  containers  talk  to  each   other   15

     Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   36  
  29. 15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   37   • I

     saved  the  best  for   last.  
  30. # Run a container. Give it a name.! $ docker

    run -d -name loldb loldbimage! ! # Run another. Link it to the first,! # using an alias.! $ docker run -link /loldb:cheez \! otherimage env! CHEEZ_PORT=tcp://172.17.0.8:6379! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP=tcp://172.17.0.8:6379! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP_ADDR=172.17.0.12! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP_PORT=6379! CHEEZ_PORT_1337_TCP_PROTO=tcp! !         •  This  sets  up  a  bridge.  2nd  container  needs  to   know  aliased  name  (CHEEZ)  and  port  (1337).   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   38  
  31. Extracted  from  my   intro-­‐level   Hands  on  with  

    Docker  class.     (In  partnership   with  Docker,  Inc.)     Beta  class  this   Monday,  6-­‐9pm.   handsonwith.com   15  Docker  Tips  in  5  Minutes   39