Implementing "++" operator, stepping into parse.y

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i = 0
while i < 100
i++
puts "FizzBuzz" if i % 15 == 0
puts "Fizz" if i % 3 == 0
puts "Buzz" if i % 5 == 0
end
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# test.rb
i = 0
i++

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# test.rb
i = 0
i++
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puts "Hello"

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// An example of a grammar rule
operation : tIDENTIFIER
| tCONSTANT
| tFID
;
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| tCONSTANT
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fcall : operation
{
$$ = NEW_FCALL($1, 0, &@$);
nd_set_line($$, p->tokline);
}
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fcall : operation
{
// $1
// $$
}
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fcall : operation
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nd_set_line($$, p->tokline);
}
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command : fcall command_args
// ...
[email protected]
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i = 0
i++ # => Call Integer#succ and return 1
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i = 0
i.succ # => 1
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i = 0
i++ # Call Integer#succ internally
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
// ...
%token tIDENTIFIER "local variable or method"
%token tFID "method"
%token tGVAR "global variable"
%token tIVAR "instance variable"
%token tCONSTANT "constant"
%token tCVAR "class variable"
%token tLABEL "label"
%token tINTEGER "integer literal"
%token tFLOAT "float literal"
%token tRATIONAL "rational literal"
// ...
%F
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
// ...
%token tINCOP "increment operator"
%token tIDENTIFIER "local variable or method"
%token tFID "method"
%token tGVAR "global variable"
%token tIVAR "instance variable"
%token tCONSTANT "constant"
%token tCVAR "class variable"
%token tLABEL "label"
%token tINTEGER "integer literal"
%token tFLOAT "float literal"
%token tRATIONAL "rational literal"
// ...
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fi
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
static enum yytokentype
parser_yylex(struct parser_params *p)
{
// ...
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
switch (c = nextc(p)) {
// ...
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
// ...
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
if (IS_AFTER_OPERATOR()) // ...
if (c == '=') // ...
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
if (c == '+')
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
if (c == '+') {
return tINCOP;
}
// ...
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// ruby/parse.y
method_call : fcall paren_args
// ...
| primary_value call_op operation2 opt_paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation3
// ...
| primary_value call_op paren_args
// ...
%F
fi
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
method_call : fcall paren_args
// ...
| primary_value call_op operation2 opt_paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation3
// ...
| primary_value call_op paren_args
// ...
| ????
%F
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
method_call : // ...
| primary_value tINCOP
%F
fi
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
[email protected]
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# In a Ruby script
i++
%F
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
%F
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
{
SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_END);
%F
fi
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
{
???
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// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_qcall(struct parser_params* p,
ID atype,
NODE *recv,
ID mid,
NODE *args,
const YYLTYPE *op_loc,
const YYLTYPE *loc)
[email protected]

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// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_qcall(struct parser_params* p,
ID atype,
NODE *recv,
ID mid,
NODE *args,
const YYLTYPE *op_loc,
const YYLTYPE *loc)
[email protected]

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// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, ???, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
[email protected]
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[email protected]

[email protected]
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// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, ???, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
[email protected]
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// ruby/parse.y
[email protected]
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
$1;
[email protected]
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[email protected]

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fi
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
[email protected]
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[email protected]

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[email protected]
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[email protected]
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// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
/FYU [email protected]
JT
BNFUIPEJEPGUIFDBMMJOHNFUIPE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IFNFUIPEJE

View Slide

[email protected]
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
// ruby/parse.y
{
ID succ = rb_intern("succ");
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, ???, &@2, &@$);
(FUUIFNFUIPEJEPG*OUFHFSTVDDBOEQBTTJU
[email protected]

(FUUIFNFUIPEJEPG*OUFHFSTVDD
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTUIFNFUIPEJE

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, ???, &@2, &@$);
// ...
}
[email protected]
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
5IF
fi
GUIBSHVNFOUJTBO3/PEFXIJDIJT
UIFDBMMJOHNFUIPEBSHVNFOU
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IFBSHVNFOUTPGUIFDBMMJOHNFUIPE

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, Qnull, &@2, &@$);
// ...
}
[email protected]
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
)PXFWFS *OUFHFSTVDDOPBSHVNFOU
-FUTQBTTOJMIFSF
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTOJM

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, Qnull, &@2, &@$);
[email protected]
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
'JOBMMZ TFUUIF3/PEFPGUIFNFUIPEDBMM UIFSFUVSO
[email protected]
UPUIFTZNCPMBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
5IJTDPNQMFUFTUIFWJUBMQBSUPGUIFJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
"TTJHOUIFSFUVSOWBMVFUPUIFTZNCPMBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

*TJUXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO
3VOUIFDPNQJMFDPNNBOE
# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
8JUIUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO XSJUFBTDSJQUDPOUBJOJOH
AA UIFOSVOUIFDPNQJMFDPNNBOE

View Slide

*UMPPLTXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO
HFOFSBUJOHQBSTFD
DPNQJMJOHQBSTFD
MJOLJOHNJOJSVCZ
NJOJSVCZ*SVCZMJC*a
*FYUDPNNPOa
SBSNEBSXJOGBLF
SVCZUFTUSC

# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
*USFUVSOTBOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFXJUIPVUBOZ
TZOUBYFSSPS
5IFJNQMFNFOUBUJPOPGJTTVDDFTTGVM
*USFUVSOTJODSFNFOUFEWBMVF

View Slide

)PXFWFSʜ

View Slide

*GPVOEBQSPCMFNXJUIUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
i = 0
i++ # => It returns 1
i # => But i is still 0...
*UJTUIBU*OUFHFSTVDDEPFTOPUBTTJHOJUTSFUVSOWBMVF
UPUIFSFDFJWFSWBSJBCMF

View Slide

0, MFU`TUIJOLPGBOPUIFSXBZ

View Slide

$BMMJOHBNFUIPEXJUIAA SFWJTFE

View Slide

*OUIFQSFWJPVTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
UIFSFJTBQSPCMFNUIBU*OUFHFSTVDDEJEOPUBTTJHO
UIFSFUVSOWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
i = 0
i++ # => Call Integer#succ, then i is still 0
4P JOTUFBEPG*OUFHFSTVDD MFUTDBMMTPNFPUIFS
UIBUDBOBTTJHOUIFJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
i = 0
i++ # => Call some other method, then i becomes 1

NFUIPE

View Slide


View Slide

"EEBOFXNFUIPE*[email protected]@[email protected]@UPBTTJHO
BOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
i = 0
i.__plusplus__
p i # => 1

View Slide

"EEBOFXNFUIPE*[email protected]@[email protected]@UPBTTJHO
BOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS

$BMM*[email protected]@[email protected]@JOTUFBEPG*OUFHFSTVDD
JOUIFBDUJPO
-FUTHFUUPJU
⬇︎
i = 0
i++ # Call i.__plusplus__ internally

View Slide

# ruby/numeric.rb
class Integer
def __plusplus__(name, b)
b.local_variable_set(name, self.succ)
end
# ...
%F
fi
OF*[email protected]@[email protected]@
,[email protected]@TFUPSTPNFUIJOH
%FUFSNJOFUIFUZQFPGUIFWBSJBCMFGSPNUIFWBSJBCMFOBNF

1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUT
ɾWBSJBCMFOBNF
ɾB#JOEJOHPCKFDU
'JSTU MFU`TEF
fi
*UJODSFNFOUTTFMGBOETFUTJUTWBMVFUPBWBSJBCMF
JOJUTFOWJSPONFOUVTJOHUIFBSHVNFOUT

View Slide

# ruby/numeric.rb
class Integer
def __plusplus__(name, b)
b.local_variable_set(name, self.succ)
end
# ...
%F
fi
*[email protected]@[email protected]@DBOCFDBMMFEMJLFUIJT
JOB3VCZTDSJQU
*UBTTJHOTBOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
# In a Ruby script
i = 0
i.__plusplus__("i", binding)
i # => 1
1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUT
ɾWBSJBCMFOBNF
ɾ,FSOFMCJOEJOH

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, Qnull, &@2, &@$);
// ...
}
.PEJGZUIFBDUJPOUPDBMM*[email protected]@[email protected]@
/FYU MFU`TNPEJGZUIFBDUJPOUPDBMM
*[email protected]@[email protected]@JOTUFBEPG*OUFHFSTVDD
*OUFHFSTVDDJTDBMMFEJOUIFQSFWJPVTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, ???, ???, &@3, &@$);
'JSTU JOUIFTBNFXBZBTCFGPSF
DBMMUIF4&[email protected]&[email protected]"5&NBDSPBOEQBTT
[email protected]

/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTUIFWBMVFPGUIFSFDFJWFS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
ID plusplus = rb_intern("__plusplus__");
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, plusplus, ???, &@3, &@$);
1BTTUIFNFUIPEJEPG*[email protected]@[email protected]@
BTUIFGPVSUIBSHVNFOU
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTUIFNFUIPEJE
(FUUIFNFUIPEJEPG*[email protected]@[email protected]@

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
/PX *[email protected]@[email protected]@SFRVJSFTUXPBSHVNFOUT
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
# In a Ruby script
i = 0

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
5IF
fi
STUJTBTUSJOHMJUFSBMPGUIFWBSJBCMFOBNF
BOEUIFTFDPOEJTBNFUIPEDBMMPG,FSOFMCJOEJOH
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
# In a Ruby script
i = 0
1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUT
ɾWBSJBCMFOBNF
ɾ,FSOFMCJOEJOH

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
5IFTFBSHVNFOUTNVTUCFQSFQBSFEBTBO3/PEF
UIBUJTBOBSSBZBOEUIFOQBTTFEUPUIF
fi
GUIBSHVNFOU
[email protected]

1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUTIFSF
BTBO3/PEFUIBUJTBOBSSBZ
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

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// ruby/parse.y
{
// $1;
// $1->u1.id;
4P MFUTDSFBUFUIFTUSJOHMJUFSBMPGUIFSFDFJWFS`T
WBSJBCMFOBNF
8FDBOHFUUIF3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSGSPN
5IFWBSJBCMFJEJTTUPSFEJOBNFNCFSPGUIJT3/PEF
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
[email protected]
5IF3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSPCKFDU
5IFWBSJBCMFJEPGUIFSFDFJWFS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
VALUE v = QUOTE_ID($1->u1.id);
NODE *receiver = NEW_LIT(v, &NULL_LOC);
$SFBUFB7"-6&PG4USJOHGSPNUIFWBSJBCMFJE
BOEDSFBUFBO3/PEFPGBMJUFSBMGSPNUIJTWBMVF
*UDBOCFUIF
fi
STUBSHVNFOUPG*[email protected]@[email protected]@
"O3/PEFUIBUJTBTUSJOHMJUFSBMGSPNUIF7"-6&
7"-6&PGUIFTUSJOHGSPNUIFWBSJBCMFJE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
NODE *binding = NEW_VCALL(rb_intern("binding"), &@$);
/FYU DSFBUFBO3/PEFUIBUDBMMT,FSOFCJOEJOH
BTUIFTFDPOEBSHVNFOUPG*[email protected]@[email protected]@
"O3/PEFUIBUDBMMT,FSOFMCJOEJOH
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
NODE *args = NEW_LIST(receiver, &NULL_LOC);
args = list_append(p, args, binding);
$SFBUFBO3/PEFUIBUJTBOBSSBZGSPNBO3/PEF
PGUIFMJUFSBMBOEBO3/PEFPGUIFNFUIPEDBMM
"O3/PEFUIBUJTBOBSSBZPGUIFBSHVNFOUT
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
NODE *args = NEW_LIST(receiver, &NULL_LOC);
args = list_append(p, args, binding);
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, plusplus, args, &@2, &@$);
[email protected]
BTJUT
fi
GUIBSHVNFOU
5IJTDPNQMFUFTUIFWJUBMQBSUPGUIFJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

*TJUXPSLJOH
AABOEDIFDLJOHUIFWBMVFPGUIFSFDFJWFS
UIFOFYFDVUFTUIFDPNQJMFDPNNBOE
NBLFSVO
# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i

View Slide

*UMPPLTXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO
HFOFSBUJOHQBSTFD
DPNQJMJOHQBSTFD
MJOLJOHNJOJSVCZ
NJOJSVCZ*SVCZMJC*a
*FYUDPNNPOa
SBSNEBSXJOGBLF
SVCZUFTUSC

# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i
JJTOPXJODSFNFOUFE
5IFOUIFDPNQJMBUJPOTVDDFFEFE BOEUIFWBSJBCMFXBT
BTTJHOFEBOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVF

View Slide

)PXFWFSʜ

View Slide

*GPVOEBQSPCMFNJOUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOBHBJO
1++ # => ???
*OUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
AABDUTMJLFBOBMJBTGPS*[email protected]@[email protected]@
*UNBLFTVTXBOUUPDBMMAAFWFOJGUIFSFDFJWFSJTOPU
BWBSJBCMFCVUBO*OUFHFSMJUFSBM
)PXFWFS EPJOHTPXPVME

View Slide

DBVTFBTFHNFOUBUJPOGBVMU

View Slide

5IFSFDFJWFSJTOPUBMXBZTBWBSJBCMF
// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
5IFSFBTPOJTUIBUUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOOFFET
UIFWBSJBCMFJEPGUIFSFDFJWFS
8FUSZUPHFUUIFWBSJBCMFJEVOEFSUIFBTTVNQUJPO
UIBUUIF3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSPCKFDUIBTJU
&YQFDUJOHJTBO3/PEF
UIBUIBTUIFWBSJBCMFJE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
)PXFWFS JGUIFSFDFJWFSJTBMJUFSBM UIJT3/PEFEPFTOU
IBWFUIFWBSJBCMFJE
*OUIBUDBTF BOVOJOUFOEFENFNPSZBSFBJTBDDFTTFE
BOEBTFHNFOUBUJPOGBVMUPDDVST
6OMFTTUIFSFDFJWFSJTBWBSJBCMF
XFDBO`UBDDFTTWBSJBCMFJE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IFSFDFJWFSJTOPUBMXBZTBWBSJBCMF

View Slide

3VCZIBTOPWBSJBCMFPCKFDU
*UNFBOTUIBUXFJNQMJDJUMZFYQFDUUIFSFDFJWFSUPCFBWBSJBCMF
XIFOXFXPVMEMJLFUPVTFAA
"OEUIJTTFFNTUPCFXIBU.BU[TBZTUIBUDBO`UEFGJOFPCKFDU
PSJFOUFETFNBOUJDTGPSJODSFNFOUEFDSFNFOUPQFSBUPST
8IJMFAAJTGPSNBOJQVMBUJOHWBSJBCMFT UIFSFBSFOPWBSJBCMF
PCKFDUTJO3VCZUIBUDBOCFNBOJQVMBUFECZNFUIPET

View Slide

4P MFUTTUPQDBMMJOHTPNFNFUIPEXJUIAA
BOEUIJOLPGBOPUIFSXBZ

View Slide

5VSOAAJOUPAA

View Slide

4PGBS XFIBWFUSJFEUPDPOTJEFSAABTBOBMJBTPG
NFUIPEDBMM
i++
)PXFWFS JOUIBUXBZ XFIBWFUPDPOTJEFSXIFUIFSUIF
SFDFJWFSJTBWBSJBCMFPSBMJUFSBM BOEJUJTEJ
ff
i
DVMUUPCF
DPOTJTUFOUXJUIJO3VCZTTFNBOUJDT
5VSOAAJOUPAA
"NFUIPEDBMM

View Slide

-FU`TGPSHFUBCPVUQSFWJPVTJEFBTBOE
UIJOLNPSFTJNQMZ
8IBUXFXBOUUPEPJTAA
5VSOAAJOUPAA

View Slide

4P XIZOPUKVTUDSFBUFUIFTBNF"45XJUIAA
$ ruby -e "pp RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse('i+= 1')"
([email protected]:0-1:5
tbl: [:i]
args: nil
body: ([email protected]:0-1:5 :i
([email protected]:0-1:1 :i)
:+
([email protected]:4-1:5 1)
nil))))
5VSOAAJOUPAA
5IF"45PGAJA

View Slide

*OQBSTFZ BHSBNNBSSVMFJTEF
fi
OFEUPQBSTFTDSJQUT
TVDIBTAJA
i++
i += 1
4PJGXFDBOEPFYBDUMZUIFTBNFUIJOHBTAJA
XIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBEBTDSJQUMJLFAJA
XF`MMCFBCMFUPQBSTFJUBTAJA MJLFBTZOUBYTVHBS

5VSOAAJOUPAA
⬇︎

View Slide

8IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBETAA JUSFUVSOTUIFTZNCPM
[email protected]"4(/GPSAABOEU*/5&(&3GPSAA
i += 1 i++
3FUVSOUIFTBNFTZNCPMTBTAA
[email protected]"4(/


U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

4ZNCPM
7BMVF
U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

BOEU*/5&(&3BUPODFXIFOJUSFBETAA
CVUVOGPSUVOBUFMZ UIFTDBOOFSPOMZSFUVSOTPOFTZNCPMQFSSFBE

View Slide

4PIPXBCPVUNPEJGZJOHUIFTDBOOFSMJLFUIJT
i += 1 i++
3FUVSOUIFTBNFTZNCPMTBTAA


U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

4ZNCPM
7BMVF
U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

'PSUIF
fi
STUAA SFUVSOUIFTZNCPMBOEWBMVFPGAA
'PSUIFTFDPOEAA SFUVSOUIFTZNCPMBOEWBMVFPGJOUFHFS

View Slide

5IBOLGVMMZ .3*TDBOOFSIBTMPDBUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPOJOUIF
SFBEJOHMJOF5IFZDPVMECFIFMQGVMJOUIJTUJNF
// ruby/parse.y
/*
Structure of Lexer Buffer:
lex.pbeg lex.ptok lex.pcur lex.pend
| | | |
|------------+------------+------------|
|<---------->|
token
*/
5PQQPTJUJPOPGUIFMJOFSFBE &OEQPTJUJPOPGUIFMJOFSFBE
$VSSFOUQPTJUJPOPGDVSTPS
5IFTDBOOFSIBTMPDBUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPO

View Slide

)FSFJTIPXUIFTDBOOFSTIPVMEXPSLXJUIUIJTJEFB
i++
8IFOUIFSFJTBTDSJQUMJLFAJA
UIFTDBOOFS
fi
STUSFBETJBTBWBSJBCMFAJABOE
SFUVSOTUIFTZNCPMPGJU
5IFDVSTPSPGUIFTDBOOFSJTIFSF
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT
3FBEBOESFUVSOUIFTZNCPMPGUIFWBSJBCMFJ

View Slide

i++
5IFOUIFDVSTPSNPWFTPOFDIBSBDUFSBOEUIFTDBOOFS
UIFOSFBETUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFS
4PGBS UIJTJTUIFDPOWFOUJPOBMCFIBWJPS
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
5IFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJTUIF
fi
STU
8IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBET EPOPUSFUVSOUIFTZNCPM
JNNFEJBUFMZ CVUQFFLOFYUDIBSBDUFS LFFQJOHUIFDVSTPS
QPTJUJPO

8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
5IJTJT

View Slide

i++
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJTBMTP
UIFTDBOOFSDBOTFFUIBUUIJTJTQBSUPGAA
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF 5IJTJTBMTP
5IJTJT
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
UIFTZNCPMGPSUIFUPLFOAA
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
5IFDVSTPSNPWFTPOFDIBSBDUFS UIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBET
UIFMBTUDIBSBDUFS
5IFMBTUDIBSBDUFSJTUIFTFDPOE
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
5IJTJTBHBJO
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
8IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBETUIFTFDPOE
QFFLBUUIFDIBSBDUFSJOUIFPOFQPTJUJPOCFGPSFJU
LFFQJOHUIFDVSTPSQPTJUJPO
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF

5IJTJTBHBJO
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
*GUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSJTBMTP
UIFTDBOOFSDBOTFFUIBUUIJTJTQBSUPGAABHBJO
5IJTJTBHBJO
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
5IJTJTBMTP
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
5IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFUVSOTU*/5&(&3
UIFTZNCPMPGBOJOUFHFS XJUIUIFWBMVFJOUFHFSTFU
)PXDBOXFEP
3FUVSOUIFJOUFHFS
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
static eunm yytokentype
set_integer_literal(struct parser_params *p,
VALUE v,
int suffix)
[email protected]@MJUFSBM

.3*[email protected]@MJUFSBM

*UDSFBUFTBO3/PEFUIBUJTBOJOUFHFSMJUFSBMBOE
SFUVSOTUIFTZNCPMU*/5&(&3TFUXJUIJU

View Slide

i++
$BMMJOHUIJTGVODUJPOXIFOUIFTFDPOEJTSFBEXJMM
SFUVSOBTZNCPMXJUIBWBMVFPGJOUFHFS
5IJTXJMMDBVTFUIFTDBOOFSUPCFIBWFUIFTBNF
BTXIFOJUSFBETAA-FUTHFUUPJU

UPSFUVSOU*/5&(&3

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
// ...
[email protected]"4(/GPSUIF
fi
STU
"TXFTBXFBSMJFS [email protected]
UIBUFYFDVUFTMFYJDBM
BOBMZTJTIBTBTXJUDITUBUFNFOUUPCFEF
fi
OFEBT
XIBUUPEPJGUIFSFBEDIBSBDUFSJT
-FUTNPEJGZJU
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
peekc(p);
fi
STU
'JSTU XIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBET LFFQUIFDVSTPS
QPTJUJPOBOEQFFLUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSBGUFSJU
5IFSFJTBGVODUJPOQFFLD
GPSJUJO.3*
1FFLUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSPG
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_BEG);
return tOP_ASGN;
}
fi
STU
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJT SFUVSOUIFTZNCPM
[email protected]"4(/XIJDINFBOTAA
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJT
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
return tOP_ASGN;
}
fi
STU
5IFOUIFDVSTPSNPWFTBIFBEUPPOFDIBSBDUFSBOE
[email protected]
BUUFNQUTUPSFBEUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFS
5IFDVSTPSNPWFTBIFBE
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
// ...
}
peekc_n(p, -2)
.BLFUIFTDBOOFSSFUVSOU*/5&(&3GPSUIFTFDPOE
/FYU XIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBETUIFTFDPOE LFFQUIF
DVSTPSQPTJUJPOBOEDIFDLUIFDIBSBDUFSPOFCFGPSFJU
[email protected]
QSPWJEFECZ.3*DBOCFVTFEGPSUIJT
1FFLUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSPG
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
// ...
}
if (peekc_n(p, -2) == '+') {
VALUE i = rb_cstr_to_inum("1", 16, FALSE);
*GUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSXBTBMTPB
UIFODSFBUFB7"-6&UIBUJTBOJOUFHFS
$SFBUFB7"-6&UIBUJTBJOUFHFS
*GUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSJT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
return tOP_ASGN;
}
if (peekc_n(p, -2) == '+') {
return set_integer_literal(p, i, 0);
}
// ...

i++
U*/5&(&3

BOESFUVSOUIFSFTVMUGSPNUIFTDBOOFS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
return tOP_ASGN;
}
if (peekc_n(p, -2) == '+') {
return set_integer_literal(p, i, 0);
}
// ...
5IJTTIPVMESFUVSOUIFTBNFSFTVMUBTJGAA
IBECFFOSFBE"OEUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOJTDPNQMFUF
[email protected]"4(/ U*/5&(&3
i++

View Slide

*TJUXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO # ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i
AABOEDIFDLJOHUIFWBMVFPGUIFSFDFJWFS
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# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i
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# ruby/test.rb
1++
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i = 0
i++ * 2 # => 2
p i # => ?
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i = 0
i++ * 2 # => Expect: (i += 1) * 2
p i # => Expect: 1
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fi
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fi
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i = 0
i++ * 2 # => Actual: i += (1 * 2)
p i # => Actual: 2
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
// ...
%right '=' tOP_ASGN
%left modifier_rescue
%right '?' ':'
// ...
%left '&'
%left tLSHFT tRSHFT
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/' ‘%'
// ...
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-PXFS

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x = 0
x += 1 ** 2
p x # => Intend: 2 (Keeping current behavior)
y = 0
y++ ** 2
p y # => Intend: 1 (Changing current behavior)

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i = 0
i++ * 2 # => i += (1 * 2)
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i = 0
i++ * 2 # => i += (1 * 2)
p i # => 2
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i++
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TZOUBYMJLFAJA

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%F
fi
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-FUTHFUUPJU
i = 0
i++ # Do the same thing as `i+=1` internally

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// ruby/parse.y
%token tCOLON2 RUBY_TOKEN(COLON2) "::"
%token tCOLON3 ":: at EXPR_BEG"
%token tOP_ASGN "operator-assignment" /* +=, -= etc. */
%token tINCOP "increment-operator"
%token tASSOC "=>"
%token tLPAREN "("
%token tLPAREN_ARG "( arg"
%token tRPAREN ")"
%token tLBRACK "["
%token tLBRACE “{"
%token tSTAR "*"
%token tDSTAR "**arg"
%token tAMPER "&"
// ...
%F
fi
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fi
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%F
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
// ...
if (c == '+')
[email protected]

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// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
// ...
if (c == '+') {
return tINCOP;
}
// ...
SFUVSOU*/$01
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fi
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3FUVSOU*/$01

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// ruby/parse.y
arg : lhs '=' lex_ctxt arg_rhs
// ...
| var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt arg_rhs
// ...
| ????
%F
fi
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fi
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fi
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fi
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
| var_lhs lex_ctxt tINCOP
%F
fi
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%F
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
5IFNJEEMFPOF [email protected] JTOPUTPSFMFWBOUUIJTUJNF TPTLJQJU

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[email protected] TPXFTLJQJU

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# In a Ruby script
i++
OPOF

%F
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
%F
fi
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fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
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UIFTDBOOFSUPFOEUIJTFYQSFTTJPO
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fi
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%F
fi

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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
???
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fi
fi
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%F
fi

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// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_op_assign(struct parser_params *p,
NODE *lhs,
ID op,
NODE *rhs,
struct lex_context ctxt,
const YYLTYPE *loc);
[email protected]@BTTJHO

.3*[email protected]@BTTJHO
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// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_op_assign(struct parser_params *p,
NODE *lhs,
ID op,
NODE *rhs,
struct lex_context ctxt,
const YYLTYPE *loc);

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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, ???, ???, ???, $2, &@$);
}

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fi
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', ???, $2, &@$);
}
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fi
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', ???, $2, &@$);
}
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fi
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', ???, $2, &@$);
}
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fi
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
VALUE v = rb_cstr_to_inum("1", 16, FALSE);
NODE *one = NEW_LIT(v, &NULL_LOC);
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fi
fi
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// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(p->ast, Qnil, x);
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', one, $2, &@$);
}
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fi
fi
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View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(p->ast, Qnil, x);
$$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', one, $2, &@$);
}
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fi
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# Normal Ruby
i = 0
i + 1 # => 1
i ++ 1 # => 1
i +++ 1 # => 1
i ++++ 1 # => 1
i +++++ 1 # => 1
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# Ruby with "++" operator
# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i + 1 # => 1
i ++ 1 # => SyntaxError
i = 0
i + (+1) # => 1
i ++ +1 # => 3
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[email protected]

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Implementing "++" operator, stepping into parse.y

Implementing "++" operator, stepping into parse.y

Misaki Shioi(塩井美咲/しおい)

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