Implementing "++" operator, stepping into parse.y

*NQMFNFOUJOHPQFSBUPS
TUFQQJOHJOUPQBSTFZ
.JTBLJ4IJPJ !TIJPJNN!DPF@

.BZ
3VCZ,BJHJ

View Slide

"CPVUNF
(JU)VC!TIJPJNN
5XJUUFS!DPF@
8FCBQQMJDBUJPOEFWFMPQFSBU4.4$P -UE
.FNCFSPG"TBLVTBSC'VLVPLBSC
"NJOUFSFTUFEJOOFUXPSLJOHBOEQBSTJOH

View Slide

)BWFZPVFWFSXJTIFE
3VCZIBEJODSFNFOUEFDSFNFOUPQFSBUPST
i = 0
while i < 100
i++
puts "FizzBuzz" if i % 15 == 0
puts "Fizz" if i % 3 == 0
puts "Buzz" if i % 5 == 0
end
'PSFYBNQMF

View Slide

8IZEPFTOU3VCZIBWFBOJODSFNFOUPQFSBUPS
.PTUQFPQMFIBWFQSPCBCMZXPOEFSFEBCPVUUIJT
BUMFBTUPODF

View Slide

.BU[TUBUFTUIFSFBTPOGPSUIJT
:PVDBOUEF
fi
OFPCKFDUPSJFOUFETFNBOUJDT
GPSJODSFNFOUEFDSFNFOUPQFSBUJPOT
SFGIUUQTCVHTSVCZMBOHPSHJTTVFT

View Slide

4PXJUIUIFDVSSFOU.3*
JGXFUSZUPFYFDVUFBTDSJQUMJLFAJA

# test.rb
i = 0
i++

View Slide

ʜJUDBVTFTBTZOUBYFSSPSBUQBSTJOH
# test.rb
i = 0
i++
SVCZUFTUSC
J
J
UFTUSCTZOUBYFSSPS VOFYQFDUFEFOEPGJOQVU 4ZOUBY&SSPS

View Slide

8IZJTUIJTIBQQFOJOH
5IFQBSTJOHMPHTIPXTUIFSFBTPO

View Slide

SVCZZFJJ
5IFQBSTJOHMPHTIPXTXIZ
1BSTJOHMPHTDBOCFFBTJMZPCUBJOFECZSVOOJOH
UIFTDSJQUXJUIAZAPQUJPOUPUIFASVCZADPNNBOE
TPMFUTHJWFJUBUSZXJUIBTDSJQUAJJA
3VOUIFTDSJQU
JJ
XJUIASVCZZADPNNBOE
˞5IJTJTSVOOJOHPO3VCZ

View Slide

SVCZZFJJ
BEE@EFMBZFE@UPLFO cc

4UBSUJOHQBSTF
ʜ
&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX
3FEVDJOHTUBDLCZSVMF MJOF

OUFSNMIT /0%&@-"4(/

UPLFO

OUFSNMFY@DUYU

OUFSNBSH@SIT /0%&@-*5

OUFSNBSH /0%&@-"4(/

ʜ
"DDPSEJOHUPJU JUXPSLT
fi
OFVQUPAJA
AJATFFNTUPCFQBSTFEKVTU
fi
OF

View Slide

SVCZZFJJ
ʜ
&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX
/FYUUPLFOJTUPLFO

4IJGUJOHUPLFO

&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX

UPLFO

OUFSNUFSN

&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX

OUFSNUFSN

OUFSNUFSNT

5IFOUIF
fi
STUFYQSFTTJPOJTQSPQFSMZFOEFEXJUIAA
5IJTFYQSFTTJPOJTTVDDFTTGVMMZFOEFE
AABMTPTFFNTUPCFQBSTFEDPSSFDUMZ

View Slide

SVCZZFJJ
ʜ
&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX
3FBEJOHBUPLFO
QBSTFS@EJTQBUDI@TDBO@FWFOU cc

MFY@TUBUF#&($.%"3(BUMJOF
MFY@TUBUF$.%"3(&/%c-"#&-BUMJOF

/FYUUPLFOJTUPLFOMPDBMWBSJBCMFPSNFUIPE J

4IJGUJOHUPLFOMPDBMWBSJBCMFPSNFUIPE J

*OUIFMBUFSQBSU UIFWBSJBCMFAJAJT
fi
STUSFBE
5IFWBSJBCMFAJAJTSFBE

View Slide

SVCZZFJJ
ʜ
&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX
/FYUUPLFOJTUPLFO

4IJGUJOHUPLFO

&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX
3FBEJOHBUPLFO
MFY@TUBUF#&(#&(BUMJOF

/FYUUPLFOJTUPLFOVOBSZ

4IJGUJOHUPLFOVOBSZ

5XPAATBSFUIFOSFBE5IJT TFDPOEAAJT
EFUFSNJOFEBTUIFAAPGBVOBSZPQFSBUPS
'JSTUAA
4FDPOEAA
*UTEFUFSNJOFEUIBUBVOBSZPQFSBUPS

View Slide

SVCZZFJJ
ʜ
&OUFSJOHTUBUF
4UBDLOPX
3FBEJOHBUPLFO

/PXBUFOEPGJOQVU
FTZOUBYFSSPS VOFYQFDUFEFOEPGJOQVU
JJ
.3*FYQFDUTTPNFOVNFSJDUPCFSFBEBGUFS
BVOBSZPQFSBUPSJOUIJTDPOUFYU
)PXFWFS JOSFBMJUZ UIFMJOFFOETBCSVQUMZIFSF
5IJTJTBOVOFYQFDUFEFOEPGJOQVU
"TZOUBYFSSPSIBTPDDVSSFE
5IFMJOFFOEFEVOFYQFDUFEMZ

View Slide

5IJTJTXIZXFHFUBTZOUBYFSSPS
XIFOXFUSZUPVTFAAJOUIFDVSSFOU.3*

View Slide

#VUUIFO JGXFSFBMMZ SFBMMZXBOUPQFSBUPS
IPXEPXFEPʜ

View Slide

5BLFPOUIFDIBMMFOHFPGBEEJOH
OFXTZOUBYJO3VCZ

View Slide

4P JOUIJTUBML
*XPVMEMJLFUPTIBSFXJUIQSPHSBNNFSTMJLFNF
XIPJTOPUBQBSTFSFYQFSU
XIBUJUUBLFTUPBEEOFXTZOUBYUP.3*
CBTFEPONZEPDVNFOUBSZ

View Slide

*OBEEJUJPO
.3*TQBSTFSIBTCFFOBDUJWFMZEFWFMPQFEBOE
TFWFSBMUBMLTXJMMCFHJWFOBUUIJTZFBST3VCZ,BJHJ
5IJTUBMLXJMMCFCBTFEPOUIFTPVSDFDPEFPG
.3*XBTSFMFBTFEUIJT.BSDI

View Slide

5PVSJOH.3*`TQBSTFS

View Slide

/PX -FUTUBLFBRVJDLMPPL
BUIPX.3*QBSTFT3VCZTDSJQUT
CFGPSFXFUSZUPBEEBOFXTZOUBYUP3VCZ

View Slide

"3VCZTDSJQUDPOTJTUTPGBTFRVFODFPGUPLFOT
UIBUBSFWBMJEBT3VCZTZOUBY
5PLFOTDPOTUJUVUFB3VCZTDSJQU
5IJTTDSJQUDPOTJTUTPG QVUT )FMMP

puts "Hello"

View Slide

.3*SFBETUIFTFUPLFOTPOFCZPOF GSPNMFGUUPSJHIU
VTJOHBGVODUJPODBMMFETDBOOFS
)PXTDBOOFSXPSLT
SFBETUIFUPLFOJT
puts "Hello"
QVUT
4DBOOFS
/PUF4DBOOFSJTBMTPDBMMFEMFYJDBMBOBMZ[FSPSMFYFS
CVUKVTUDBMMJUTDBOOFSJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

5IFTDBOOFSUIFOEFUFSNJOFTUIFLJOEPGUPLFOJUSFBET
5IFLJOEPGUPLFOJTDBMMFEBTZNCPM
)PXTDBOOFSXPSLT
EFUFSNJOFTUIFUPLFOQVUTJT U*%&/5*'*&3
puts "Hello"
QVUT
5PLFO
4DBOOFS

View Slide

5IFTDBOOFSTFUTUIFWBMVFPGUIFUPLFOUPBTZNCPM
5IJTWBMVFDBOCFBOJE BO3/PEF PSTPNFUIJOHFMTF
)PXTDBOOFSXPSLT
TFUTU*%&/5*'*&3UPBNFUIPEJE QVUT
puts "Hello"
U*%&/5*'*&3
QVUT
4ZNCPM
5PLFO
/PUF4PNFUPLFOTIBWFOPWBMVF

/PUF7BMVFJTDBMMFETFNBOUJDWBMVF CVUKVTUDBMMJUWBMVFJOUIJTTMJEF

4DBOOFS

View Slide

'JOBMMZ UIFTDBOOFSSFUVSOTUIJTTZNCPMXJUIUIFWBMVF
UPBGVODUJPODBMMFEBQBSTFS
)PXTDBOOFSXPSLT
puts "Hello"
SFUVSOTUIFTZNCPMXJUIUIFWBMVFUPBQBSTFS
U*%&/5*'*&3
QVUT
QVUT
7BMVF
4ZNCPM
5PLFO
4DBOOFS

View Slide

)PXQBSTFSXPSLT
5IFQBSTFSJTBGVODUJPOUIBUSFDFJWFTBTZNCPMGSPNUIF
TDBOOFS DIFDLTTZOUBY DSFBUFT3/PEFT BOETPPO
5IFSFBSFNBOZHSBNNBSSVMFTEF
fi
OFEJOUIFQBSTFS
QBSTFS
U*%&/5*'*&3
QVUT
7BMVF
4ZNCPM 3/PEF
7$"-- QVUT

SFDFJWF DSFBUF
.BOZHSBNNBSSVMFT

View Slide

)PXQBSTFSXPSLT
5IFTZOUBYSVMFTMPPLMJLFUIJT
)FSFUIFSJHIUBOEMFGUIBOETJEFTBSFEF
fi
OFE
// An example of a grammar rule
operation : tIDENTIFIER
| tCONSTANT
| tFID
;
5IFMFGUIBOETJEF 5IFSJHIUIBOETJEF
5IFMFGUIBOETJEFEF
fi
OFTTZNCPMTUIBUNBLFTZNCPMTNPSFBCTUSBDU
5IFSJHIUIBOETJEFEF
fi
OFTUIFPSJHJOBMTZNCPMT

View Slide

)PXQBSTFSXPSLT
4ZNCPMTBSFUVSOFEJOUPNPSFBCTUSBDUTZNCPM
XIFOUIFZNBUDIUIFSJHIUIBOETJEFPGUIFTZOUBYSVMFT
5IJTDIBOHFJTDBMMFESFEVDUJPO
| tCONSTANT
| tFID
;
.PSFBCTUSBDUTZNCPM
0SJHJOBMTZNCPMTBSFUVSOFEJOUP
NPSFBCTUSBDUTZNCPM

View Slide

)PXQBSTFSXPSLT
5IFWBMVFTFUGPSUIFTZNCPMCFGPSFSFEVDUJPOXJMMCF
DBSSJFEPWFSUPUIFTZNCPMBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
6OMFTTBOBDUJPOUIBUXJMMCFEJTDVTTFEMBUFSJTEF
fi
OFE

| tCONSTANT
| tFID
;
5IFNFUIPEJEQVUT UIFWBMVFPGU*%&/5*'*&3
JT
TFUUPPQFSBUJPOBGUFSSFEVDUJPO

View Slide

)PXQBSTFSXPSLT
"MUIPVHIPQUJPOBM XIBUUPCFQFSGPSNFEXIFOB
SFEVDUJPOIBTPDDVSSFEDBOCFEF
fi
OFEJOBHSBNNBSSVMF
5IJTJTDBMMFEBTFNBOUJDBDUJPO
/PUF4JNQMZDBMMJUBOBDUJPOJOUIJTTMJEF

fcall : operation
{
$$ = NEW_FCALL($1, 0, &@$);
nd_set_line($$, p->tokline);
}
5IJTBDUJPOJTFYFDVUFE
XIFOPQFSBUJPOJTSFEVDFEUPGDBMM

View Slide

)PXBQBSTFSXPSLT
8JUIJOUIFBDUJPO
FBDIWBMVFPGTZNCPMTDBOCFBDDFTTFE
"WBSJBCMF5IFOVNCFSPGUIFPSEFSPGUIFTZNCPMTCFGPSFSFEVDUJPO
TUPSFTFBDIWBMVF
"WBSJBCMFNFBOTUIFTZNCPMTWBMVFBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
fcall : operation
{
// $1
// $$
}
5IFWBMVFPGPQFSBUJPO5IFNFUIPEJEQVUT
5IFWBMVFPGGDBMM

View Slide

)PXQBSTFSXPSLT
*ONBOZDBTFT UIFBDUJPOEF
fi
OFTBQSPDFTTUPDSFBUFBO
3/PEFGSPNUIFWBMVFTFUJOUIFTZNCPMCFGPSFSFEVDUJPO
5IF3/PEFDSFBUFEJOUIJTXBZJTTFUUPUIFTZNCPMBGUFS
SFEVDUJPO
fcall : operation
{
$$ = NEW_FCALL($1, 0, &@$);
nd_set_line($$, p->tokline);
}
$SFBUFBO3/PEFGSPN
BOETFUJUUP

View Slide

)PXQBSTFSXPSLT
4PNFUJNFTUXPPSNPSFTZNCPMTBSFSFEVDFEBUPODF
*OTVDIDBTFT HSBNNBSSVMFTWFSJGZUIBUUIFTFRVFODFPG
TZNCPMTJTDPSSFDU
*GUIFTFRVFODFPGTZNCPMTJTJODPSSFDU UIFSFEVDUJPOXJMM
OPUCFFYFDVUFE BOEBTZOUBYFSSPSXJMMPDDVS
command : fcall command_args
// ...
7FSJGZJOHGDBMMBOEDPNNBOE@BSHTBSF
JOBSPXBOEPSEFSGSPNMFGUUPSJHIU

View Slide

"MMPGUIFTZNCPMT HSBNNBSSVMFT BOEUIFTDBOOFSBSF
EF
fi
OFEJOUIF
fi
MFQBSTFZJOUIF.3*TPVSDF
SVCZQBSTFZ

View Slide

/PX CBTFEPOUIJT
-FUT
fi
HVSFPVUIPXUPJNQMFNFOUAAJO.3*

View Slide

$BMMJOHBNFUIPEXJUIAA

View Slide

5IF
fi
STUJEFBJT3FQMBDFAAXJUI*OUFHFSTVDD
XIFOAAJTSFBEGSPNUIFTPVSDFDPEF
i = 0
i++ # => Call Integer#succ and return 1
*OUFHFSTVDDSFUVSOTUIFWBMVFPGUIFSFTVMU
XIJDIJTJODSFNFOUFECZUIFSFDFJWFS*OUFHFSPCKFDU
i = 0
i.succ # => 1
AABDUTMJLFBOBMJBTGPS*OUFHFSTVDDJOUIJTJEFB

View Slide

5IFSFBSFUXPOFDFTTBSZUIJOHTUPJNQMFNFOUUIJT

View Slide

"OFXTZNCPMGPS
4ZNCPM
i++

5PLFO
%F
fi
OFBOFXTZNCPMGPSUIFUPLFO BOENBLFUIF
TDBOOFSSFUVSOTUIFTZNCPMXIFOJUJTSFBEUPLFO

View Slide

"EEHSBNNBSSVMFTUPQBSTFBTDSJQUMJLFAJA
BOEDBMM*OUFHFSTVDDJOTJEFPGUIFBDUJPO
-FUTHFUUPJU
⬇︎
i = 0
i++ # Call Integer#succ internally
%F
fi
OFBOFXTZNCPMGPSUIFUPLFO BOENBLFUIF
TDBOOFSSFUVSOTUIFTZNCPMXIFOJUJTSFBEUPLFO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
// ...
%token tIDENTIFIER "local variable or method"
%token tFID "method"
%token tGVAR "global variable"
%token tIVAR "instance variable"
%token tCONSTANT "constant"
%token tCVAR "class variable"
%token tLABEL "label"
%token tINTEGER "integer literal"
%token tFLOAT "float literal"
%token tRATIONAL "rational literal"
// ...
%F
fi
OFBOFXTZNCPM
*OQBSTFZ TZNCPMTBSFEF
fi
OFEMJLFUIJT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
// ...
%token tINCOP "increment operator"
%token tIDENTIFIER "local variable or method"
%token tFID "method"
%token tGVAR "global variable"
%token tIVAR "instance variable"
%token tCONSTANT "constant"
%token tCVAR "class variable"
%token tLABEL "label"
%token tINTEGER "integer literal"
%token tFLOAT "float literal"
%token tRATIONAL "rational literal"
// ...
/PXMFU`TBEEBOFXTZNCPMU*/$01IFSF
GPSUIFUPLFO
%F
fi
OFBOFXTZNCPM
%F
fi
OFBOFXTZNCPM

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
static enum yytokentype
parser_yylex(struct parser_params *p)
{
// ...
.BLFUIFTDBOOFSSFUVSOU*/$01
5IFO NPEJGZUIFTDBOOFSUPSFUVSOU*/$01
XIFOJTSFBE
*O.3* BGVODUJPOQBSTFS@ZZMFY
EPFTNBOZPGXIBU
BTDBOOFSEPFTGPSMFYJDBMBOBMZTJT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
switch (c = nextc(p)) {
// ...
5IFSFJTBIVHFTXJUDITUBUFNFOUJOJU
5IJTJTUPSFBEUIFDIBSBDUFSTJOUIFTDSJQUPOFBUB
UJNFBOEEPTPNFUIJOHEFQFOEJOH
POUIFDIBSBDUFSSFBE
%PTPNFUIJOHEFQFOEJOHPOUIFDIBSBDUFSTSFBE

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
// ...
*OUIJTTXJUDITUBUFNFOU JUJTBMSFBEZEF
fi
OFE
XIBUUPEPJGUIFDIBSBDUFSSFBEJT
*GUIFDIBSBDUFSSFBEJT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
if (IS_AFTER_OPERATOR()) // ...
if (c == '=') // ...
*OJU BOBQQSPQSJBUFTZNCPMJTSFUVSOFEEFQFOEJOHPO
UIFDIBSBDUFSCFGPSFBOEBGUFSUIF
3FBEUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSPGUIF
3FUVSOTPNFUPLFOJGUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSJT
3FUVSOTPNFUPLFOJGUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJT
"OEPUIFS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
if (c == '+')
-FUTBEEBOFXDPOEJUJPOIFSF
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSBGUFSJTBHBJO
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJTBHBJO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
if (c == '+') {
return tINCOP;
}
// ...
SFUVSOU*/$01 UIFOFXTZNCPMEF
fi
OFEFBSMJFS
5IFTDBOOFSNPEJ
fi
DBUJPOJTOPXDPNQMFUF
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJTBHBJO
3FUVSOU*/$01

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
method_call : fcall paren_args
// ...
| primary_value call_op operation2 opt_paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation3
// ...
| primary_value call_op paren_args
// ...
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
/FYU MFU`TEF
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMFUPUIFQBSTFS
GPSUIFTZOUBYMJLFAJA
QBSTFZEF
fi
OFTNBOZHSBNNBSSVMFTMJLFUIJTUP
TVQQPSUWBSJPVTQBUUFSOTPGNFUIPEDBMMT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
method_call : fcall paren_args
// ...
| primary_value call_op operation2 opt_paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 paren_args
// ...
| primary_value tCOLON2 operation3
// ...
| primary_value call_op paren_args
// ...
| ????
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
*UTFFNTBHPPEJEFBUPEF
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
IFSFGPSBNFUIPEDBMM
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
method_call : // ...
| primary_value tINCOP
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
)FSFJTUIFHSBNNBSSVMFUPCFBEEFE
5IFOFXHSBNNBSSVMFDIFDLTUIBUUIFTZNCPMT
QSJNBSZ@WBMVFBOEU*/$01BSFJOBSPX
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
QSJNBSZ@WBMVFJTUIFTZNCPMGPSUIFSFDFJWFSPGUIJT
FYQSFTTJPO BOEU*/$01JTGPSAA
5IJTNBLFTFYQSFTTJPOTMJLFAJAWBMJEBTBTZOUBY

5IFTFTZNCPMTNFBOTʜ J
# In a Ruby script
i++
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
%F
fi
OFBOFXBDUJPOUPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
/FYU EF
fi
OFBOBDUJPO XIJDIDBMMT*OUFHFSTVDD
XIFOSFEVDUJPOIBTPDDVSSFEGPSUIJTHSBNNBSSVMF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_END);
%F
fi
5IF
fi
STUXFOFFEUPEPJTUPUFMMUIFTDBOOFSUIBUUIJT
FYQSFTTJPOFOETXIFOJTSFBE
5IJTJTOFFEFEUPQSFWFOUUIFTDBOOFSSFBETUIFOFYU
UPLFOBGUFSBOEDBVTJOHBTZOUBYFSSPS5PEPTP
DBMMUIFNBDSP4&5@-&9@45"5&XJUI&913@&/%
5FSNJOBUFUIJTFYQSFTTJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
OJUJPOPGBDUJPOTJTTMJHIUMZTJNQMJ
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
???
%F
fi
/FYU MFUT
fi
OBMMZDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
)PXDBOXFEPUIBU
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_qcall(struct parser_params* p,
ID atype,
NODE *recv,
ID mid,
NODE *args,
const YYLTYPE *op_loc,
const YYLTYPE *loc)
OFX@RDBMM

.3*QSPWJEFTOFX@RDBMM
UPDSFBUFBO3/PEF
UPDBMMBNFUIPE
-FUTVTFUIJTGVODUJPOUPEPXIBUJTUIFTBNF
BTUIFNFUIPEDBMMJOUIFBDUJPO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_qcall(struct parser_params* p,
ID atype,
NODE *recv,
ID mid,
NODE *args,
const YYLTYPE *op_loc,
const YYLTYPE *loc)
OFX@RDBMM

4PNFBSHVNFOUTBSFSFRVJSFEUPDBMMUIJTGVODUJPO
"O3/PEFUIBUJTUIFSFDFJWFSPGUIFNFUIPE
5IFNFUIPEJE
"O3/PEFUIBUJTUIFBSHVNFOUTPGUIFNFUIPE

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, ???, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
4PMFUTQSFQBSFUIFBSHVNFOUTUPDBMMOFX@RDBMM

OFX@RDBMM
OFFETBSHVNFOUT
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, ???, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
'JSTU OFX@RDBMM
OFFETBO3/PEFUIBUJTUIFSFDFJWFS
BTUIFUIJSEBSHVNFOU
"O3/PEFUIBUJTUIFSFDFJWFS
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
"TNFOUJPOFEFBSMJFS QSJNBSZ@WBMVFJTUIFTZNCPM
UIBUJTUIFSFDFJWFSPGUIJTFYQSFTTJPO
5IJTTZNCPMIBTBO3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSBTJUTWBMVF
QSJNBSZ@WBMVF ʹUIFSFDFJWFS
IBT
BO3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSPCKFDUBTJUTWBMVF
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
$1;
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
3FNFNCFS XFDBOHFUUIFTZNCPMTWBMVFXJUI
BOVNCFSPGUIFPSEFSPGUIFTZNCPMT
JOBOBDUJPO
5IFWBMVFPGQSJNBSZ@WBMVF JF UIF3/PEFUIBUJT
UIFSFDFJWFSJTTUPSFEGPS
5IFWBMVFPGQSJNBSZ@WBMVF

/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
4PDBOCFQBTTFEBTJTBTUIFUIJSEBSHVNFOUPG
OFX@RDBMM

/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IF3/PEFUIBUJTUIFSFDFJWFS

View Slide

$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, ???, ???, &@2, &@$);
/FYU UIFGPVSUIBSHVNFOUPGOFX@RDBMM
JT
BNFUIPEJEPGUIFDBMMJOHNFUIPE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IFNFUIPEJE

View Slide

$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
// ruby/parse.y
{
ID succ = rb_intern("succ");
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, ???, &@2, &@$);
(FUUIFNFUIPEJEPG*OUFHFSTVDDBOEQBTTJU
UPOFX@RDBMM

(FUUIFNFUIPEJEPG*OUFHFSTVDD
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTUIFNFUIPEJE

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, ???, &@2, &@$);
// ...
}
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
5IF
fi
GUIBSHVNFOUJTBO3/PEFXIJDIJT
UIFDBMMJOHNFUIPEBSHVNFOU
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IFBSHVNFOUTPGUIFDBMMJOHNFUIPE

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, Qnull, &@2, &@$);
// ...
}
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
)PXFWFS *OUFHFSTVDDOPBSHVNFOU
-FUTQBTTOJMIFSF
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTOJM

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, Qnull, &@2, &@$);
$BMMOFX@RDBMM
UPDBMM*OUFHFSTVDD
'JOBMMZ TFUUIF3/PEFPGUIFNFUIPEDBMM UIFSFUVSO
WBMVFPGOFX@RDBMM
UPUIFTZNCPMBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
5IJTDPNQMFUFTUIFWJUBMQBSUPGUIFJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
"TTJHOUIFSFUVSOWBMVFUPUIFTZNCPMBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

*TJUXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO
3VOUIFDPNQJMFDPNNBOE
# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
8JUIUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO XSJUFBTDSJQUDPOUBJOJOH
AA UIFOSVOUIFDPNQJMFDPNNBOE

View Slide

*UMPPLTXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO
HFOFSBUJOHQBSTFD
DPNQJMJOHQBSTFD
MJOLJOHNJOJSVCZ
NJOJSVCZ*SVCZMJC*a
*FYUDPNNPOa
SBSNEBSXJOGBLF
SVCZUFTUSC

# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
*USFUVSOTBOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFXJUIPVUBOZ
TZOUBYFSSPS
5IFJNQMFNFOUBUJPOPGJTTVDDFTTGVM
*USFUVSOTJODSFNFOUFEWBMVF

View Slide

)PXFWFSʜ

View Slide

*GPVOEBQSPCMFNXJUIUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
i = 0
i++ # => It returns 1
i # => But i is still 0...
*UJTUIBU*OUFHFSTVDDEPFTOPUBTTJHOJUTSFUVSOWBMVF
UPUIFSFDFJWFSWBSJBCMF

View Slide

0, MFU`TUIJOLPGBOPUIFSXBZ

View Slide

$BMMJOHBNFUIPEXJUIAA SFWJTFE

View Slide

*OUIFQSFWJPVTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
UIFSFJTBQSPCMFNUIBU*OUFHFSTVDDEJEOPUBTTJHO
UIFSFUVSOWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
i = 0
i++ # => Call Integer#succ, then i is still 0
4P JOTUFBEPG*OUFHFSTVDD MFUTDBMMTPNFPUIFS
UIBUDBOBTTJHOUIFJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
i = 0
i++ # => Call some other method, then i becomes 1

NFUIPE

View Slide


View Slide

"EEBOFXNFUIPE*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@UPBTTJHO
BOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
i = 0
i.__plusplus__
p i # => 1

View Slide

"EEBOFXNFUIPE*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@UPBTTJHO
BOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS

$BMM*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@JOTUFBEPG*OUFHFSTVDD
JOUIFBDUJPO
-FUTHFUUPJU
⬇︎
i = 0
i++ # Call i.__plusplus__ internally

View Slide

# ruby/numeric.rb
class Integer
def __plusplus__(name, b)
b.local_variable_set(name, self.succ)
end
# ...
%F
fi
OF*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@
,FSOFMMPDBM@WBSJBCMF@TFUPSTPNFUIJOH
%FUFSNJOFUIFUZQFPGUIFWBSJBCMFGSPNUIFWBSJBCMFOBNF

1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUT
ɾWBSJBCMFOBNF
ɾB#JOEJOHPCKFDU
'JSTU MFU`TEF
fi
*UJODSFNFOUTTFMGBOETFUTJUTWBMVFUPBWBSJBCMF
JOJUTFOWJSPONFOUVTJOHUIFBSHVNFOUT

View Slide

# ruby/numeric.rb
class Integer
def __plusplus__(name, b)
b.local_variable_set(name, self.succ)
end
# ...
%F
fi
*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@DBOCFDBMMFEMJLFUIJT
JOB3VCZTDSJQU
*UBTTJHOTBOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVFUPUIFSFDFJWFS
# In a Ruby script
i = 0
i.__plusplus__("i", binding)
i # => 1
1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUT
ɾWBSJBCMFOBNF
ɾ,FSOFMCJOEJOH

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, succ, Qnull, &@2, &@$);
// ...
}
.PEJGZUIFBDUJPOUPDBMM*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@
/FYU MFU`TNPEJGZUIFBDUJPOUPDBMM
*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@JOTUFBEPG*OUFHFSTVDD
*OUFHFSTVDDJTDBMMFEJOUIFQSFWJPVTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, ???, ???, &@3, &@$);
'JSTU JOUIFTBNFXBZBTCFGPSF
DBMMUIF4&5@-&9@45"5&NBDSPBOEQBTT
BTUIFUIJSEBSHVNFOUUPOFX@RDBMM

/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTUIFWBMVFPGUIFSFDFJWFS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
ID plusplus = rb_intern("__plusplus__");
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, plusplus, ???, &@3, &@$);
1BTTUIFNFUIPEJEPG*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@
BTUIFGPVSUIBSHVNFOU
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
1BTTUIFNFUIPEJE
(FUUIFNFUIPEJEPG*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
/PX *OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@SFRVJSFTUXPBSHVNFOUT
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
# In a Ruby script
i = 0

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
5IF
fi
STUJTBTUSJOHMJUFSBMPGUIFWBSJBCMFOBNF
BOEUIFTFDPOEJTBNFUIPEDBMMPG,FSOFMCJOEJOH
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
# In a Ruby script
i = 0
1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUT
ɾWBSJBCMFOBNF
ɾ,FSOFMCJOEJOH

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
5IFTFBSHVNFOUTNVTUCFQSFQBSFEBTBO3/PEF
UIBUJTBOBSSBZBOEUIFOQBTTFEUPUIF
fi
GUIBSHVNFOU
PGOFX@RDBMM

1BTTUIFBSHVNFOUTIFSF
BTBO3/PEFUIBUJTBOBSSBZ
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// $1;
// $1->u1.id;
4P MFUTDSFBUFUIFTUSJOHMJUFSBMPGUIFSFDFJWFS`T
WBSJBCMFOBNF
8FDBOHFUUIF3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSGSPN
5IFWBSJBCMFJEJTTUPSFEJOBNFNCFSPGUIJT3/PEF
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IF3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSPCKFDU
5IFWBSJBCMFJEPGUIFSFDFJWFS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
VALUE v = QUOTE_ID($1->u1.id);
NODE *receiver = NEW_LIT(v, &NULL_LOC);
$SFBUFB7"-6&PG4USJOHGSPNUIFWBSJBCMFJE
BOEDSFBUFBO3/PEFPGBMJUFSBMGSPNUIJTWBMVF
*UDBOCFUIF
fi
STUBSHVNFOUPG*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@
"O3/PEFUIBUJTBTUSJOHMJUFSBMGSPNUIF7"-6&
7"-6&PGUIFTUSJOHGSPNUIFWBSJBCMFJE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
NODE *binding = NEW_VCALL(rb_intern("binding"), &@$);
/FYU DSFBUFBO3/PEFUIBUDBMMT,FSOFCJOEJOH
BTUIFTFDPOEBSHVNFOUPG*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@
"O3/PEFUIBUDBMMT,FSOFMCJOEJOH
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
NODE *args = NEW_LIST(receiver, &NULL_LOC);
args = list_append(p, args, binding);
$SFBUFBO3/PEFUIBUJTBOBSSBZGSPNBO3/PEF
PGUIFMJUFSBMBOEBO3/PEFPGUIFNFUIPEDBMM
"O3/PEFUIBUJTBOBSSBZPGUIFBSHVNFOUT
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
NODE *args = NEW_LIST(receiver, &NULL_LOC);
args = list_append(p, args, binding);
$$ = new_qcall(p, $2, $1, plusplus, args, &@2, &@$);
5IFOQBTTJUUPOFX@RDBMM
BTJUT
fi
GUIBSHVNFOU
5IJTDPNQMFUFTUIFWJUBMQBSUPGUIFJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

*TJUXPSLJOH
AABOEDIFDLJOHUIFWBMVFPGUIFSFDFJWFS
UIFOFYFDVUFTUIFDPNQJMFDPNNBOE
NBLFSVO
# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i

View Slide

*UMPPLTXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO
HFOFSBUJOHQBSTFD
DPNQJMJOHQBSTFD
MJOLJOHNJOJSVCZ
NJOJSVCZ*SVCZMJC*a
*FYUDPNNPOa
SBSNEBSXJOGBLF
SVCZUFTUSC

# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i
JJTOPXJODSFNFOUFE
5IFOUIFDPNQJMBUJPOTVDDFFEFE BOEUIFWBSJBCMFXBT
BTTJHOFEBOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVF

View Slide

)PXFWFSʜ

View Slide

*GPVOEBQSPCMFNJOUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOBHBJO
1++ # => ???
*OUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO
AABDUTMJLFBOBMJBTGPS*OUFHFS@@QMVTQMVT@@
*UNBLFTVTXBOUUPDBMMAAFWFOJGUIFSFDFJWFSJTOPU
BWBSJBCMFCVUBO*OUFHFSMJUFSBM
)PXFWFS EPJOHTPXPVME

View Slide

DBVTFBTFHNFOUBUJPOGBVMU

View Slide

5IFSFDFJWFSJTOPUBMXBZTBWBSJBCMF
// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
5IFSFBTPOJTUIBUUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOOFFET
UIFWBSJBCMFJEPGUIFSFDFJWFS
8FUSZUPHFUUIFWBSJBCMFJEVOEFSUIFBTTVNQUJPO
UIBUUIF3/PEFPGUIFSFDFJWFSPCKFDUIBTJU
&YQFDUJOHJTBO3/PEF
UIBUIBTUIFWBSJBCMFJE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
)PXFWFS JGUIFSFDFJWFSJTBMJUFSBM UIJT3/PEFEPFTOU
IBWFUIFWBSJBCMFJE
*OUIBUDBTF BOVOJOUFOEFENFNPSZBSFBJTBDDFTTFE
BOEBTFHNFOUBUJPOGBVMUPDDVST
6OMFTTUIFSFDFJWFSJTBWBSJBCMF
XFDBO`UBDDFTTWBSJBCMFJE
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
5IFSFDFJWFSJTOPUBMXBZTBWBSJBCMF

View Slide

3VCZIBTOPWBSJBCMFPCKFDU
*UNFBOTUIBUXFJNQMJDJUMZFYQFDUUIFSFDFJWFSUPCFBWBSJBCMF
XIFOXFXPVMEMJLFUPVTFAA
"OEUIJTTFFNTUPCFXIBU.BU[TBZTUIBUDBO`UEFGJOFPCKFDU
PSJFOUFETFNBOUJDTGPSJODSFNFOUEFDSFNFOUPQFSBUPST
8IJMFAAJTGPSNBOJQVMBUJOHWBSJBCMFT UIFSFBSFOPWBSJBCMF
PCKFDUTJO3VCZUIBUDBOCFNBOJQVMBUFECZNFUIPET

View Slide

4P MFUTTUPQDBMMJOHTPNFNFUIPEXJUIAA
BOEUIJOLPGBOPUIFSXBZ

View Slide

5VSOAAJOUPAA

View Slide

4PGBS XFIBWFUSJFEUPDPOTJEFSAABTBOBMJBTPG
NFUIPEDBMM
i++
)PXFWFS JOUIBUXBZ XFIBWFUPDPOTJEFSXIFUIFSUIF
SFDFJWFSJTBWBSJBCMFPSBMJUFSBM BOEJUJTEJ
ff
i
DVMUUPCF
DPOTJTUFOUXJUIJO3VCZTTFNBOUJDT
5VSOAAJOUPAA
"NFUIPEDBMM

View Slide

-FU`TGPSHFUBCPVUQSFWJPVTJEFBTBOE
UIJOLNPSFTJNQMZ
8IBUXFXBOUUPEPJTAA
5VSOAAJOUPAA

View Slide

4P XIZOPUKVTUDSFBUFUIFTBNF"45XJUIAA
$ ruby -e "pp RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree.parse('i+= 1')"
(SCOPE@1:0-1:5
tbl: [:i]
args: nil
body: (LASGN@1:0-1:5 :i
(CALL@1:0-1:5
(LVAR@1:0-1:1 :i)
:+
(LIST@1:4-1:5
(LIT@1:4-1:5 1)
nil))))
5VSOAAJOUPAA
5IF"45PGAJA

View Slide

*OQBSTFZ BHSBNNBSSVMFJTEF
fi
OFEUPQBSTFTDSJQUT
TVDIBTAJA
i++
i += 1
4PJGXFDBOEPFYBDUMZUIFTBNFUIJOHBTAJA
XIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBEBTDSJQUMJLFAJA
XF`MMCFBCMFUPQBSTFJUBTAJA MJLFBTZOUBYTVHBS

5VSOAAJOUPAA
⬇︎

View Slide

8IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBETAA JUSFUVSOTUIFTZNCPM
U01@"4(/GPSAABOEU*/5&(&3GPSAA
i += 1 i++
3FUVSOUIFTBNFTZNCPMTBTAA
U01@"4(/

U01@"4(/

U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

4ZNCPM
7BMVF
U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

4PJUXPVMECFOJDFJGUIFTDBOOFSDPVMESFUVSOCPUIU01@"4(/
BOEU*/5&(&3BUPODFXIFOJUSFBETAA
CVUVOGPSUVOBUFMZ UIFTDBOOFSPOMZSFUVSOTPOFTZNCPMQFSSFBE

View Slide

4PIPXBCPVUNPEJGZJOHUIFTDBOOFSMJLFUIJT
i += 1 i++
3FUVSOUIFTBNFTZNCPMTBTAA
U01@"4(/

U01@"4(/

U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

4ZNCPM
7BMVF
U*/5&(&3
3/PEF

'PSUIF
fi
STUAA SFUVSOUIFTZNCPMBOEWBMVFPGAA
'PSUIFTFDPOEAA SFUVSOUIFTZNCPMBOEWBMVFPGJOUFHFS

View Slide

5IBOLGVMMZ .3*TDBOOFSIBTMPDBUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPOJOUIF
SFBEJOHMJOF5IFZDPVMECFIFMQGVMJOUIJTUJNF
// ruby/parse.y
/*
Structure of Lexer Buffer:
lex.pbeg lex.ptok lex.pcur lex.pend
| | | |
|------------+------------+------------|
|<---------->|
token
*/
5PQQPTJUJPOPGUIFMJOFSFBE &OEQPTJUJPOPGUIFMJOFSFBE
$VSSFOUQPTJUJPOPGDVSTPS
5IFTDBOOFSIBTMPDBUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPO

View Slide

)FSFJTIPXUIFTDBOOFSTIPVMEXPSLXJUIUIJTJEFB
i++
8IFOUIFSFJTBTDSJQUMJLFAJA
UIFTDBOOFS
fi
STUSFBETJBTBWBSJBCMFAJABOE
SFUVSOTUIFTZNCPMPGJU
5IFDVSTPSPGUIFTDBOOFSJTIFSF
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT
3FBEBOESFUVSOUIFTZNCPMPGUIFWBSJBCMFJ

View Slide

i++
5IFOUIFDVSTPSNPWFTPOFDIBSBDUFSBOEUIFTDBOOFS
UIFOSFBETUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFS
4PGBS UIJTJTUIFDPOWFOUJPOBMCFIBWJPS
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
5IFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJTUIF
fi
STU
8IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBET EPOPUSFUVSOUIFTZNCPM
JNNFEJBUFMZ CVUQFFLOFYUDIBSBDUFS LFFQJOHUIFDVSTPS
QPTJUJPO

8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
5IJTJT

View Slide

i++
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJTBMTP
UIFTDBOOFSDBOTFFUIBUUIJTJTQBSUPGAA
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF 5IJTJTBMTP
5IJTJT
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
5IFTDBOOFSTIPVMEOPXSFUVSOU01@"4(/
UIFTZNCPMGPSUIFUPLFOAA
3FUVSOTU01@"4(/
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
5IFDVSTPSNPWFTPOFDIBSBDUFS UIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBET
UIFMBTUDIBSBDUFS
5IFMBTUDIBSBDUFSJTUIFTFDPOE
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
5IJTJTBHBJO
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
8IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBETUIFTFDPOE
QFFLBUUIFDIBSBDUFSJOUIFPOFQPTJUJPOCFGPSFJU
LFFQJOHUIFDVSTPSQPTJUJPO
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF

5IJTJTBHBJO
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
*GUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSJTBMTP
UIFTDBOOFSDBOTFFUIBUUIJTJTQBSUPGAABHBJO
5IJTJTBHBJO
5IFDVSTPSJTIFSF
5IJTJTBMTP
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

i++
5IFOUIFTDBOOFSSFUVSOTU*/5&(&3
UIFTZNCPMPGBOJOUFHFS XJUIUIFWBMVFJOUFHFSTFU
)PXDBOXFEP
3FUVSOUIFJOUFHFS
8IBUUIFNPEJ
fi
FETDBOOFSEPFT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
static eunm yytokentype
set_integer_literal(struct parser_params *p,
VALUE v,
int suffix)
TFU@JOUFHFS@MJUFSBM

.3*QSPWJEFTTFU@JOUFHFS@MJUFSBM

*UDSFBUFTBO3/PEFUIBUJTBOJOUFHFSMJUFSBMBOE
SFUVSOTUIFTZNCPMU*/5&(&3TFUXJUIJU

View Slide

i++
$BMMJOHUIJTGVODUJPOXIFOUIFTFDPOEJTSFBEXJMM
SFUVSOBTZNCPMXJUIBWBMVFPGJOUFHFS
5IJTXJMMDBVTFUIFTDBOOFSUPCFIBWFUIFTBNF
BTXIFOJUSFBETAA-FUTHFUUPJU
$BMMTFU@JOUFHFS@MJUFSBM

$BMMTFU@JOUFHFS@MJUFSBM
UPSFUVSOU*/5&(&3

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
// ...
.BLFUIFTDBOOFSSFUVSOU01@"4(/GPSUIF
fi
STU
"TXFTBXFBSMJFS QBSTFS@ZZMFY
UIBUFYFDVUFTMFYJDBM
BOBMZTJTIBTBTXJUDITUBUFNFOUUPCFEF
fi
OFEBT
XIBUUPEPJGUIFSFBEDIBSBDUFSJT
-FUTNPEJGZJU
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
peekc(p);
fi
STU
'JSTU XIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBET LFFQUIFDVSTPS
QPTJUJPOBOEQFFLUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSBGUFSJU
5IFSFJTBGVODUJPOQFFLD
GPSJUJO.3*
1FFLUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSPG
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
SET_LEX_STATE(EXPR_BEG);
return tOP_ASGN;
}
fi
STU
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJT SFUVSOUIFTZNCPM
U01@"4(/XIJDINFBOTAA
3FUVSOU01@"4(/
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJT
i++
U01@"4(/

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
return tOP_ASGN;
}
fi
STU
5IFOUIFDVSTPSNPWFTBIFBEUPPOFDIBSBDUFSBOE
QBSTFS@ZZMFY
BUUFNQUTUPSFBEUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFS
5IFDVSTPSNPWFTBIFBE
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
// ...
}
peekc_n(p, -2)
.BLFUIFTDBOOFSSFUVSOU*/5&(&3GPSUIFTFDPOE
/FYU XIFOUIFTDBOOFSSFBETUIFTFDPOE LFFQUIF
DVSTPSQPTJUJPOBOEDIFDLUIFDIBSBDUFSPOFCFGPSFJU
QFFLD@O
QSPWJEFECZ.3*DBOCFVTFEGPSUIJT
1FFLUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSPG
i++

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
// ...
}
if (peekc_n(p, -2) == '+') {
VALUE i = rb_cstr_to_inum("1", 16, FALSE);
*GUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSXBTBMTPB
UIFODSFBUFB7"-6&UIBUJTBOJOUFHFS
$SFBUFB7"-6&UIBUJTBJOUFHFS
*GUIFQSFWJPVTDIBSBDUFSJT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
return tOP_ASGN;
}
if (peekc_n(p, -2) == '+') {
return set_integer_literal(p, i, 0);
}
// ...
3FUVSOUIFSFTVMUPGTFU@JOUFHFS@MJUFSBM

i++
U*/5&(&3
1BTTJUBTBOBSHVNFOUUPDBMMTFU@JOUFHFS@MJUFSBM

BOESFUVSOUIFSFTVMUGSPNUIFTDBOOFS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
if (peekc(p) == '+') {
set_yylval_id('+');
return tOP_ASGN;
}
if (peekc_n(p, -2) == '+') {
return set_integer_literal(p, i, 0);
}
// ...
5IJTTIPVMESFUVSOUIFTBNFSFTVMUBTJGAA
IBECFFOSFBE"OEUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOJTDPNQMFUF
U01@"4(/ U*/5&(&3
i++

View Slide

*TJUXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO # ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i
AABOEDIFDLJOHUIFWBMVFPGUIFSFDFJWFS
UIFOFYFDVUFTUIFDPNQJMFDPNNBOE

View Slide

*UMPPLTXPSLJOH
NBLFSVO
HFOFSBUJOHQBSTFD
DPNQJMJOHQBSTFD
MJOLJOHNJOJSVCZ
NJOJSVCZ*SVCZMJC*a
*FYUDPNNPOa
SBSNEBSXJOGBLF
SVCZUFTUSC

# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i++
p i
JJTOPXJODSFNFOUFE
5IFOUIFDPNQJMBUJPOTVDDFFEFE BOEUIFWBSJBCMFXBT
BTTJHOFEBOJODSFNFOUFEWBMVF

View Slide

NBLFSVO
NJOJSVCZ*SVCZMJC*a
*FYUDPNNPOa
SBSNEBSXJOGBLF
SVCZUFTUSCSVCZUFTUSC
TZOUBYFSSPS
VOFYQFDUFEPQFSBUPSBTTJHONFOU
FYQFDUJOHFOEPGJOQVU 4ZOUBY&SSPS

NBLF&SSPS
*UMPPLTXPSLJOH
# ruby/test.rb
1++
"OTZOUBYFSSPSIBTPDDVSSFE
$BMMJOHAAXJUIBOJOUFHFSMJUFSBMEPFTOPUDBVTF
BTFHNFOUBUJPOGBVMU CVUBTZOUBYFSSPSBTTBNFBT
AA5IJTJTUIFJOUFOEFECFIBWJPS

View Slide

)PXFWFSʜ

View Slide

*GPVOEBQSPCMFNJOUIJTJNQMFNFOUBUJPOBHBJO
i = 0
i++ * 2 # => 2
p i # => ?
8IFOFYFDVUJOHBTDSJQUMJLFUIJT
XIBUXPVMECFBOBQQSPQSJBUFWBMVFGPSUIFWBSJBCMFAJA

View Slide

5IJTJTBLJOEPGMBOHVBHFEFTJHONBUUFS BOEUIFSFBSF
NBOZXBZTUPUIJOLBCPVUJU1FSTPOBMMZ *UIJOLJUJT
BQQSPQSJBUFGPSUIFWBSJBCMFAJAUPCFBTTJHOFE
i = 0
i++ * 2 # => Expect: (i += 1) * 2
p i # => Expect: 1
*FYQFDUUIFWBSJBCMFAJAUPCFBTTJHOFE
fi
STUBOE
NVMUJQMJFECZOFYU

View Slide

)PXFWFS UIJTAAJTFRVJWBMFOUUPAA5IFSFGPSF
UIFSFTVMUJTBTTJHOFEUPUIFWBSJBCMFAJABGUFSUIF
NVMUJQMJDBUJPOPGJTDPNQVUFE
fi
STUCZQSFDFEFODF
i = 0
i++ * 2 # => Actual: i += (1 * 2)
p i # => Actual: 2
5IFOUIFWBSJBCMFAJAJTBTTJHOFE
*GFFMUIJTJTBOBUVSBMCFIBWJPSGPSAA CVUBCJU
TUSBOHFGPSAA

View Slide

4JODFUIFQSFDFEFODFPGPQFSBUPSTJTEF
fi
OFEJOQBSTFZ
JUJTQPTTJCMFUPBWPJEUIJTQSPCMFNCZNBLJOHUIF
QSFDFEFODFPGAAIJHIFSUIBOAA
// ruby/parse.y
// ...
%right '=' tOP_ASGN
%left modifier_rescue
%right '?' ':'
// ...
%left '&'
%left tLSHFT tRSHFT
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/' ‘%'
// ...
5IFQSFDFEFODF
)JHIFS
-PXFS

View Slide

)PXFWFS UIFQSPCMFNUIJTUJNFJTPOMZGPSUIFDBTFPG
SFBEJOHAA*EPOUXBOUUPDIBOHFUIFQSFDFEFODFGPS
UIFDBTFPGSFBEJOHAAVTVBMMZ
x = 0
x += 1 ** 2
p x # => Intend: 2 (Keeping current behavior)
y = 0
y++ ** 2
p y # => Intend: 1 (Changing current behavior)

View Slide

"MUFSOBUJWFMZ JUNJHIUCFQPTTJCMFUPDSFBUFBTZOUBYUSFF
UIBUXSBQTUIFMFGUIBOETJEFBOEAAJOA
AUPDPOUSPM
UIFQSFDFEFODFPGFYQSFTTJPOT
i = 0
i++ * 2 # => i += (1 * 2)
)PXFWFS UIJTXPVMENBLFUIFCFIBWJPSPGUIFTDBOOFS
UPPDPNQMJDBUFE

View Slide

0, MFU`TUIJOLPGBOPUIFSXBZ

View Slide

5VSOAAJOUPAA 3FWJTFE

View Slide

*OUIFQSFWJPVTJNQMFNFOUBUJPO XFUSJFEUPNBLFUIF
TBNF"45XJUIAACZUIFTDBOOFS
i = 0
i++ * 2 # => i += (1 * 2)
p i # => 2
#VUXFGPVOEUIBUJGAAJTGPMMPXFECZBOFYQSFTTJPO
XFDBOOPUIBOEMFJU

View Slide

5PBWPJEUIJT IPXBCPVUDPOTJEFSJOHUIFTFRVFODFPG
UIFMFGUIBOETJEFPGUIFFYQSFTTJPOBOEBTBTJOHMF
TZOUBYBOEEPJOHUIFTBNFUIJOHUPAACZUIFQBSTFS
i++
1BSTFBOENBLFBTBNF"45BT

View Slide


View Slide

"EETZNCPMTBOEHSBNNBSSVMFTUPBMMPX
TZOUBYMJLFAJA

View Slide

"EETZNCPMTBOEHSBNNBSSVMFTUPBMMPX
TZOUBYMJLFAJA
%F
fi
OFBOBDUJPOUIBUEPFTUIFTBNFUIJOH
XIFOBTZOUBYMJLFAJAJTQBSTFE
BTXIFOBTZOUBYMJLFAJAJTEPOF

-FUTHFUUPJU
i = 0
i++ # Do the same thing as `i+=1` internally

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
%token tCOLON2 RUBY_TOKEN(COLON2) "::"
%token tCOLON3 ":: at EXPR_BEG"
%token tOP_ASGN "operator-assignment" /* +=, -= etc. */
%token tINCOP "increment-operator"
%token tASSOC "=>"
%token tLPAREN "("
%token tLPAREN_ARG "( arg"
%token tRPAREN ")"
%token tLBRACK "["
%token tLBRACE “{"
%token tSTAR "*"
%token tDSTAR "**arg"
%token tAMPER "&"
// ...
%F
fi
OFTZNCPMU*/$01
'JSTU EF
fi
OFU*/$01BTUIFTZNCPM
GPSUIFUPLFO
%F
fi
OFBOFXTZNCPMGPS

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
// ...
if (c == '+')
5IFONPEJGZQBSTFS@ZZMFY

*GJTSFBEUXJDFJOBSPX
*GUIFOFYUDIBSBDUFSJTBMTP
3FBEOFYUDIBSBDUFSPGUIF
8IFOUIFDIBSBDUFSSFBEJT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
{
// ...
// ...
case '+':
c = nextc(p);
// ...
if (c == '+') {
return tINCOP;
}
// ...
SFUVSOU*/$01
5IFTDBOOFSNPEJ
fi
DBUJPOJTOPXDPNQMFUF
3FUVSOU*/$01

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : lhs '=' lex_ctxt arg_rhs
// ...
| var_lhs tOP_ASGN lex_ctxt arg_rhs
// ...
| ????
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
/FYU EF
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMFGPSAA
4JODFBHSBNNBSSVMFGPSBTDSJQUTVDIBTAJAJT
EF
fi
OFEJOQBSTFZ MFUTEF
fi
OFUIFOFXPOFOFBSIFSF
%F
fi
OFUIFOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
"HSBNNBSSVMFGPS
3VCZTDSJQUTMJLFAJA

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
| var_lhs lex_ctxt tINCOP
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
)FSFJTUIFHSBNNBSSVMFUPCFBEEFE
5IFOFXHSBNNBSSVMFDIFDLTUIBUUIFTZNCPMT
WBS@MIT MFY@DUYU BOEU*/$01BSFJOBSPX
%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
5IFNJEEMFPOF MFY@DUYU JTOPUTPSFMFWBOUUIJTUJNF TPTLJQJU

WBS@MITJTUIFMFGUTJEFPGAA BOEU*/$01JTAA
MFY@DUYUJTOPUTPSFMFWBOU TPXFTLJQJU

5IJTNBLFTFYQSFTTJPOTMJLFAJAWBMJEBTBTZOUBY

5IFTFTZNCPMTNFBOTʜ J
# In a Ruby script
i++
OPOF

%F
fi
OFBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
%F
fi
OFBOFXBDUJPOUPEPUIFTBNFUIJOHAAEPFT
-FUTOPXEF
fi
OFUIFBDUJPOUPCFFYFDVUFEVQPO
SFEVDJOHUIJTHSBNNBSSVMF

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
'JSTU DBMM4&5@-&9@45"5&XJUI&913@&/%UPUFMM
UIFTDBOOFSUPFOEUIJTFYQSFTTJPO
/PUF5IFEF
fi
OJUJPOTPGBDUJPOTGPS3JQQFSBSFTLJQQFEJOUIJTTMJEF
%F
fi

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
???
/FYU MFUTEPUIFTBNFUIJOHBTAA
)PXDBOXFEPUIBU
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
%F
fi

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_op_assign(struct parser_params *p,
NODE *lhs,
ID op,
NODE *rhs,
struct lex_context ctxt,
const YYLTYPE *loc);
OFX@PQ@BTTJHO

.3*QSPWJEFTOFX@PQ@BTTJHO
UPDSFBUFBO3/PEF
UIBUJTBOFYQSFTTJPOXJUIAAPSAA
-FUTVTFUIJTGVODUJPOUPEPXIBUJTUIFTBNF
BTAA

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
static NODE *
new_op_assign(struct parser_params *p,
NODE *lhs,
ID op,
NODE *rhs,
struct lex_context ctxt,
const YYLTYPE *loc);
OFX@PQ@BTTJHO

4PNFBSHVNFOUTBSFSFRVJSFEUPDBMMUIJTGVODUJPO
"O3/PEFUIBUJTUIFWBMVFPOUIFMFGUTJEFPGUIFFYQSFTTJPO
"OPQFSBUPS AAPSAA
"O3/PEFUIBUJTUIFWBMVFPOUIFSJHIUTJEFPGUIFFYQSFTTJPO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, ???, ???, ???, $2, &@$);
}
$BMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
4PMFUTQSFQBSFUIFBSHVNFOUT
UPDBMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

OFX@PQ@BTTJHO
SFRVJSFTBSHVNFOUT

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', ???, $2, &@$);
}
1BTTUIFMFGUIBOETJEFPGAABTUIFTFDPOE
BSHVNFOUBOEAABTUIFUIJSEBSHVNFOU
-FGUIBOETJEF
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
$BMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', ???, $2, &@$);
}
5IFGPVSUIBSHVNFOUJTUIFWBMVFPGUIFSJHIUTJEFPG
AA*OUIFDBTFPGAA UIFSJHIUTJEFJTBMXBZTBO
JOUFHFS TPXFOFFEUPDSFBUFBWBMVFPGUIJT
3FRVJSFTBOJOUFHFSWBMVFAA
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
$BMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
// ...
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', ???, $2, &@$);
}
TFU@JOUFHFS@MJUFSBM
VTFEJOPOFQSFWJPVT
JNQMFNFOUBUJPODBOOPUCFVTFEIFSF
BTJUJTBGVODUJPOUPTFUBWBMVFUPBTZNCPM
8FOFFEUPDSFBUFBO3/PEFUIBUJTBOJOUFHFS
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
$BMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
VALUE v = rb_cstr_to_inum("1", 16, FALSE);
NODE *one = NEW_LIT(v, &NULL_LOC);
5PEPUIJT DSFBUFB7"-6&PGJOUFHFS BOEUIFO
DSFBUFBO3/PEFUIBUJTMJUFSBMGSPNUIJT7"-6&
"7"-6&PGBOJOUFHFS
"O3/PFPGBMJUFSBM
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
$BMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(p->ast, Qnil, x);
new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', one, $2, &@$);
}
5IFOQBTTJUUPUIFGPVSUIBSHVNFOUPG
OFX@PQ@BTTJHO

1BTTUIF3/PEFUIBUJTBJOUFHFSMJUFSBM
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
$BMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

View Slide

// ruby/parse.y
arg : // ...
{
RB_OBJ_WRITTEN(p->ast, Qnil, x);
$$ = new_op_assign(p, $1, '+', one, $2, &@$);
}
'JOBMMZ TFUUIF3/PEF UIFSFUVSOWBMVFPG
OFX@PQ@BTTJHO
UPUIFTZNCPMBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
/PUFUIFEF
fi
fi
FEJOUIJTTMJEF
"TTJHOUIFSFUVSOWBMVFUPUIFTZNCPMBGUFSSFEVDUJPO
$BMMOFX@PQ@BTTJHO

View Slide

5IFJNQMFNFOUBUJPOPGAAJT
OPXDPNQMFUF

View Slide

%FNP

View Slide

3VOUIFEFNP

View Slide

"MMTXFMMUIBUFOETXFMMʜ

View Slide

6OGPSUVOBUFMZ UIFBOTXFSJTOP
5IFBEEJUJPOPGUIFAAPQFSBUPSJTCSFBLJOH
POFFYJTUJOHTZOUBY

View Slide

*OPSEJOBSZ3VCZ XFDBOVTFBOZOVNCFSPGJO
TVDDFTTJPOXJUIPVUDBVTJOHTZOUBYFSSPST
# Normal Ruby
i = 0
i + 1 # => 1
i ++ 1 # => 1
i +++ 1 # => 1
i ++++ 1 # => 1
i +++++ 1 # => 1
5IJTJTCFDBVTFJGUIFSFBSFUXPPSNPSFT
UIFTFDPOEBOETVCTFRVFOUTBSFDPOTJEFSFE
VOBSZPQFSBUPST
"MM`T/05XFMMUIBUFOETXFMM
"MMTZOUBY0,

View Slide

#VUJO3VCZXJUIPQFSBUPS
XFHFUBTZOUBYFSSPSXJUIVOFYQFDUFEJOUFHFSMJUFSBM
JGXFUSZUPQVUBOJOUFHFSBGUFSAA
# Ruby with "++" operator
# ruby/test.rb
i = 0
i + 1 # => 1
i ++ 1 # => SyntaxError
i = 0
i + (+1) # => 1
i ++ +1 # => 3
"MM`T/05XFMMUIBUFOETXFMM
SVCZSVCZUFTUSC
SVCZUFTUSCSVCZUFTUSC
TZOUBYFSSPS VOFYQFDUFEJOUFHFSMJUFSBM
FYQFDUJOHFOEPGJOQVU 4ZOUBY&SSPS

J
J?
5IFZBSFTZOUBY0,
ɾ5PVTFBVOBSZPQFSBUPSXJUIQBSFOUIFTFT
ɾ5PVTFAABOEBVOBSZPQFSBUPSBUUIFTBNFUJNF

View Slide

*TUIJTBWBMJETQFDJ
fi
DBUJPO
)PXTIPVMEUIFPQFSBUPSBOEVOBSZPQFSBUPST
DPPQFSBUFXJUIFBDIPUIFS
5IFTFBSFRVFTUJPOTUIBUTIPVMECFDPOTJEFSFEJO3VCZ
UIBUBEEFEUIFOFXTZOUBYXJUIUIFPQFSBUPS
5IJTJTBOJTTVFPGMBOHVBHFEFTJHO
'PSUIFNPNFOU UIJTJTUIFTQFDJ
fi
DBUJPOPGUIF
JNQMFNFOUBUJPOTPGBS
5IFMBOHVBHFEFTJHOBGUFSBEEJOHBOFXTZOUBY

View Slide

8FDBOOPMPOHFSDBMMUIJT3VCZ
CFDBVTF*IBWFDIBOHFEUIFFYJTUJOHTZOUBY
5IJTOFXMBOHVBHFOFFETBOFXOBNF
TPNFUIJOHBQQSPQSJBUFGPSJU

View Slide

3VCZ3VCZ

View Slide

3VCZ3VCZ
IUUQTHJUIVCDPNTIJPJNNSVCZQMVTQMVT

View Slide

&QJMPHVF

View Slide

!TQJLFPMBGUPMENFʜ
SFGIUUQTUXJUUFSDPNTQJLFPMBG

View Slide

5IFSFBSFUXPUZQFTPGQFPQMF
0OFJTXIPOFFETBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
UPBEEBOFXTZOUBYJOUP.3*
BOEPUIFSTXIPEPO`U

View Slide

5IFSFBSFUXPUZQFTPGQFPQMF
0OFJTXIPOFFETBOFXHSBNNBSSVMF
UPBEEBOFXTZOUBYJOUP.3*
BOEPUIFSTXIPEPO`U
"EEJOHOFXTZOUBYPOMZCZMFYJDBMBOBMZTJT

View Slide

8IBUUIJTNFBOTJTUIBUBMUIPVHI*FWFOUVBMMZBEEFE
BOFXTZOUBYSVMFGPSPQFSBUPSUIJTUJNF
UIFSFBSFQSPCBCMZPUIFSXBZTUPEPJUUIBU*IBWFOPU
EJTDPWFSFEJOQSBDUJDF

View Slide

"OEOPUKVTUPQFSBUPS
UIFSFXJMMCFBTNBOZXBZTUPBEEOFXTZOUBYUP
.3*BTJNQMFNFOUPSTDBODPNFVQXJUI

View Slide

"OEBT*IBWFTIPXO .3*IBTNBOZVTFGVMUPPMLJUTGPS
SFBMJ[JOHUIFTFJEFBT
7BSJPVTUPPMLJUTUPTVQQPSUZPVSJEFB
'PSFYBNQMF
)PXUPNPEJGZUIFTDBOOFS QBSTFS@ZZMFY

)PXUPEF
fi
OFOFXTZOUBYSVMFTBOEBDUJPOTXJUITFNBOUJDWBMVFT
8IBUJTUIFPCKFDUPSJFOUFETFNBOUJDT
"NBDSPUPDIBOHFUIFTUBUFPGUIFTDBOOFS 4&5@-&9@45"5&

4PNFVTFGVMGVODUJPOTUPDSFBUF3/PEFT FHOFX@RDBMM
OFX@PQ@BTHO

4PNFVTFGVMNBDSPTUPDSFBUF3/PEFT FH/&8@-*5 /&8@7$"-- /&8@-*45

5IFMPDBUJPOBMJOGPSNBUJPOPGUIFTDBOOFSBOETPNFVTFGVMGVODUJPOT
UPQFFLBUUIFDIBSBDUFSPOBTPVSDFDPEF FHQFFLD
QFFLD@O

View Slide

#ZNBLJOHGVMMVTFPGUIFN XIPBEET
BOFXTZOUBYUP.3*OFYUJOPUIFSXBZT
ʜJUNBZCFZPV

View Slide

5IBOLZPVGPSZPVSBUUFOUJPO
4QFDJBMUIBOLTUP
!TQJLFPMBG
!NJOFSPBPLJ
!PLVSBNBTBGVNJ
3FGFSFODFUP
3VCZ)BDLJOH(VJEF
1BSU4ZOUBYBOBMZTJT
IUUQTSVCZIBDLJOHHVJEFHJUIVCJP

3VCZ6OEFSB.JDSPTDPQF"O*MMVTUSBUFE(VJEFUP3VCZ*OUFSOBMT
$IBQUFS5PLFOJ[BUJPOBOE1BSTJOH
IUUQTQBUTIBVHIOFTTZOFUSVCZVOEFSBNJDSPTDPQF

View Slide

'PSXIFOUIFEFNPEPFTOUXPSL

View Slide

3VOXJUIDPNQJMFE3VCZ

View Slide

Implementing "++" operator, stepping into parse.y

Implementing "++" operator, stepping into parse.y

Misaki Shioi(塩井美咲/しおい)

More Decks by Misaki Shioi(塩井美咲/しおい)

Other Decks in Programming

Featured

Transcript