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Koji Wakamiya
August 05, 2021
Technology
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Flutter?
2021年7月16日に行った、社内LT大会(2021 1Q振り返り)資料です。
Koji Wakamiya
August 05, 2021
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Transcript
Flutter? 2021 1Q LTେձ @koji-1009, 2021-07-16
͓ॻ͖ • Flutterͷ֓ཁͱৄࡉ • Skia, Dart, WidgetTree • Material Design&Cupertino
• ͜Ε͔ΒͷFlutter • null-safety, static meta programming • Web, Desktop, Embedded
Flutterͷ֓ཁͱৄࡉ
Flutterͷ֓ཁͱৄࡉ (ཁ͢Δʹશ෦)
Flutter ~֓ཁฤ~ • 2015.04 Flutter First Announce • 2018.06 Flutter
Release Preview 1 • 2018.12 Flutter 1.0 • 2021.03 Flutter 2.0
Flutter ~֓ཁฤ~ • 2015.04 Flutter First Announce • 2018.06 Flutter
Release Preview 1 • 2018.12 Flutter 1.0 • 2019.09 Porto Release • 2021.03 Flutter 2.0
2015ͷ࠷ॳͷϦϦʔε https://medium.com/ fl uttersg/the-art-of- fl utter-hello-world-fd6c30309b5c
2018ͷ1.0ϦϦʔε https://developers.googleblog.com/2018/12/ fl utter-10-googles-portable-ui-toolkit.html
2021ͷ2.0ϦϦʔε https://developers.googleblog.com/2018/12/ fl utter-10-googles-portable-ui-toolkit.html
Flutterͱʁ • Google͕ఏڙ͢ΔUIπʔϧΩοτ • Webͷٕज़͕ϕʔε(Dart, Skia, DevTool…) • Android, iOS,
Web, Desktop(Win/Mac/Linux)͚ʹϏϧυՄೳ
https:// fl utter.dev Flutter SDK is Google's UI toolkit for
crafting beautiful, natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. 11
ͬ͘͟Γଊ͑ΔFlutter • ϚϧνϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ • ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ͝ͱʹݻ༗ͷίʔυΛॻ͔ͳ͍ • ϩδοΫͷڞ௨ԽͰͳ͘UIͷڞ௨Խ • 60fpsΛอͭ͜ͱΛڧ͘ҙࣝ •
ReactNativeͱ΄΅ಉཱͪ͡Ґஔ
͔͜͜Βৄࡉฤ
Flutterͷඳը • Skia • Φʔϓϯιʔεͷ2DάϥϑΟοΫεΤϯδϯ • Google ChromeFuchsiaɺAndroidͳͲͰ࠾༻ • Google͕ओಋͯ͠։ൃ
Flutterͷඳը • Skiaͷ࠾༻ʹΑΔϝϦοτ • C++Ͱॻ͔Ε͓ͯΓɺϚϧνϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͰಈ࡞͢Δ • Skia͕ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜؒͷඳըࠩҟΛٵऩͯ͘͠ΕΔ • Skiaͷ࠾༻ʹΑΔσϝϦοτ •
3Dͷඳըʹऑ͍
Flutterͷ࣮ߦڥ(Dart) • ͱͱJavaScriptΛஔ͖͑ΔతͰɺGoogle͕։ൃ • TypeScriptʹෛ͚ͯ͠·ͬͨͷͰํస(ͦͯ͠Dart 2) • async/awaittraitɺStreamͳͲͷϞμϯͳݴޠػߏ • PubGrabͱ͍͏ઌਐతͳґଘղܾΞϧΰϦζϜ
• SwiftPMgel-rbɺpoetryͰ࠾༻ʂ
Flutterͷ࣮ߦڥ(Dart VM) • GoogleͷV8։ൃऀ͕͍͍ͯΔͦΕͳΓҎ্ʹૣ͍VM • σόοάϞʔυ(JIT)ͱϦϦʔεϞʔυ(AOT) • σόοάϞʔυHotReloadΛར༻ͨ͠UIߏங༏ઌ • GCʹΑΔϝϞϦ֬อ
• Πϯελϯε͕ෆཁʹͳΔͱɺ͙͢ʹϝϞϦΛղ์
FlutterͷWidgetTree • FlutterPure DartͱWidgetͱݺΕΔཁૉͰߏங͞ΕΔ • TreeߏͷWidget͕ΞϓϦΛߏ͢Δ • AppWidgetɺRouteWidgetɺTextFieldWidget • ը໘ߋ৽ΛWidgetͷഁغ&ੜͰ࣮ݱͰ͖Δ
ViewͱWidgetTree
FlutterͱMaterial Designͱ Cupertino
ͦͦMaterial Designͱ • Design Systemͷͻͱͭ • ࢴͷମݧΛϕʔεʹߏங • Z࣠ͷ1dpࢴ1ຕͷߴ͞(ް͞) •
Z࣠ͷҟͳΔཁૉͷॏͳΓ߹ΘͤΛshadowͰදݱ • MobileʹݶఆͤͣɺWebDesktopରʹ
ͦͦMaterial Designͱ • UIίϯϙʔωϯτΛComponentsͱͯ͠ఆٛ • αΠζͳͲͷSpecsΛࡉ͔͘ఆٛ • ར༻γʔϯͳͲΛࡉ͔͘ݴޠԽ • Dark
ThemeͳͲͷΧϥʔγεςϜఆٛ • ը໘ભҠλοϓͳͲͷಈ͖ఆٛ
FlutterͱMaterial Design • FlutterUIπʔϧΩοτ • Material DesignͷComponents΄΅Flutter͚ʹ࣮ࡁΈ • materialϥΠϒϥϦΛಋೖ͢Δ͚ͩͰMaterial Design
• AndroidΑΓFlutterͷ࣮ͷํ͕ૣ͘ɺਖ਼͍͜͠ͱͷํ͕ଟ͍ • Material DesignͷσβΠφʔ͕FlutterνʔϜʹ͍Δʁ
iOS/macOS͚ͷFlutter • iOS͚ͷΞϓϦΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹαϙʔτ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • SliderͷσβΠϯͳͲΛOSʹ߹Θͤͯม͑ΔΈ • CupertinoϥΠϒϥϦ • NavigationɺActionSheetͳͲͷ࣮ •
iOSඪ४ͷΑ͏ͳݟͨͷΞϓϦΛ࡞Δ͜ͱͰ͖Δ
Flutterʹ͓͚ΔUIߏங • Material DesignʹΔͱඇৗʹίετͰ։ൃ͕Մೳ • Material DesignͰߏங͞ΕͨσβΠϯͳΒ࠶ݱՄೳ • fi gmaSketchͷMaterial
Design pluginΛར༻͢ΔͱζϨͳ͍ • Βͳ͍ॴ͚ͩίετΛ͔͚ͯରԠ • ͨͩ͠iOSͬΆ͍σβΠϯ͚ͩɺ͋Δఔ࣮ݱՄೳ
͜Ε͔ΒͷFlutter
FlutterͱDart • FlutterDartͷόʔδϣϯʹ߹ΘͤͯػೳՃ͍ͯ͠Δ • Dart΄΅FlutterͷͨΊͷݴޠ • Node.jsͷΑ͏ͳར༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͖ͬͯͨ • Docker Image͕ެ։͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ
Dartͷ৽ػೳͱFlutter • null-safety • Flutter 2͔ΒDartͷnull-safetyʹରԠ • ඪ४Widgetશͯnullable͔Ͳ͏͔͕໌ه͞Εͨ • AOTͷίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹnullՄೳੑΛߟྀͨ͠ߴԽ͕͞Εͨ
Dartͷ৽ػೳͱFlutter • static meta programming • Data classͷΑ͏ͳimmutableͳσʔλߏΛѻ͏Έ • ݱ࣌ͰίʔυੜπʔϧΛ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δػೳ
• ਂ͍ΦϒδΣΫτͷൺֱJSON͔ΒͷύʔεͳͲ ϩδοΫߏஙʹΑΓαϙʔτ͕ೖΔ͜ͱʹͳΔ
࣍ͷϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ • Desktopڥ(Beta) • Windows/macOS/Linux͚ͷϏϧυ • ϞόΠϧΞϓϦ͕σεΫτοϓͰಈ͘ͷͰͳ͘ɺ σεΫτοϓΛλʔήοτʹΞϓϦΛϏϧυͰ͖Δ •
ΈࠐΈ(ൃදͷΈ) • Toyota͕ंࡌث͚ΞϓϦʹFlutterΛ࠾༻
࣍ͷϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ • Flutter Web • Flutter 2Ͱstable • DesktopͰCanvasKitɺMobileͰHTMLϨϯμϦϯά •
એݴతͳRouter࣮ (ͨͩ͠ղ)
·ͱΊ
Flutter? • Material DesignΛ࣮ݱͰ͖ΔUIπʔϧΩοτ • Webٕज़Λϕʔεʹͨ͠ϚϧνϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ • Mobile(Android/iOS) • Web(Mobile/Desktop)
• Desktop(Win/Mac/Linux)
Flutter? • Material DesignΛ࣮ݱͰ͖ΔUIπʔϧΩοτ • Webٕज़Λϕʔεʹͨ͠ϚϧνϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ • Mobile(Android/iOS) • Web(Mobile/Desktop)
• Desktop(Win/Mac/Linux) • ͜Ε͔Βͷ৳ͼ͠ΖDartͷؤுΓ࣍ୈ
͓ΘΓ