Serverless by Example: Building a Real-Time Chat System

Web Summit, Lisbon, November 9th, 2017

One of the great advantages of serverless development is the possibility to “chain” multiple functions and tools together. This session will show as an example how to build a scalable and highly available web chat for real-time communications.

Transcript

1. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Danilo Poccia, Technical Evangelist danilop@amazon.com Serverless by Example: Building A Real-Time Chat System @danilop danilop
2. “Where” is Serverless?
3. Client Back End AWS Lambda
4. CDN Client Back End Devices Sensors Actuators AWS Lambda Gateway
5. AWS Greengrass
6. Lambda Functions on a Raspberry Pi AWS Greengrass Lambda Function
7. AWS Snowball Edge 100TB + Greengrass Core (≃ EC2 m4.4xlarge instance)
8. Snowball Edge Use Cases “Snowball Edge enables us to extend the innovative capabilities of HealthSuite, our cloud- enabled connected health ecosystem of devices, applications and digital tools supported by AWS, even when there is no network support.” Embedded Applications —Dale Wiggins, Business Leader, HealthSuite digital platform, Philips
9. Snowball Edge Use Cases “With AWS Snowball Edge, we can now collect 100 TB of data with no intermediate steps, and we can also analyze the images immediately using the onboard compute capabilities.” Remote Locations for data collection and analysis — Bob Cowen, Director of Hatfield Marine Research Center, Oregon State University
10. AWS Lambda@Edge Customize content delivery while reducing load on the origin Events / Triggers Take serverless to your users
11. Lambda@Edge Use Cases Demo build of a CloudFront+S3 distribution, using Lambda@Edge to secure its HTTP headers
12. Lambda@Edge Use Cases These processes include applying transactional labels to purchases so Blockbuster can track customer activity, and providing personalized recommendations based on previous purchases. Blockbuster runs serverless compute processes across AWS Regions and Amazon CloudFront edge locations (using Lambda@Edge) without provisioning or managing servers.
13. Let’s build a Web Chat…
14. Web Browser
15. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket HTTPS Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS)
16. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket HTTPS Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS)
17. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket Amazon API Gateway Lambda Function(s) DynamoDB Table(s) HTTPS Dynamic Content Database Access Execute Functions Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS)
18. Let’s make it more interactive…
19. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket Amazon API Gateway Lambda Function(s) DynamoDB Table(s) AWS IoT Topic(s) HTTPS Dynamic Content Database Access MQTT over Secure WebSockets (Publish, Subscribe) Execute Functions Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS)
20. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket Amazon API Gateway Lambda Function(s) DynamoDB Table(s) AWS IoT Topic(s) AWS IoT Rule(s) HTTPS Dynamic Content Database Access MQTT over Secure WebSockets (Publish, Subscribe) Subscribe Republish Execute Functions Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS)
21. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket Amazon API Gateway Lambda Function(s) DynamoDB Table(s) AWS IoT Topic(s) AWS IoT Rule(s) HTTPS Dynamic Content Database Access MQTT over Secure WebSockets (Publish, Subscribe) Subscribe Republish Execute Functions Execute Functions Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS) Publish
22. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket Amazon API Gateway Lambda Function(s) DynamoDB Table(s) AWS IoT Topic(s) AWS IoT Rule(s) HTTPS Dynamic Content Database Access MQTT over Secure WebSockets (Publish, Subscribe) Subscribe Republish Execute Functions Write to DynamoDB Execute Functions Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS) Publish
23. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket Amazon API Gateway Lambda Function(s) DynamoDB Table(s) AWS IoT Topic(s) AWS IoT Rule(s) Kinesis Stream(s) HTTPS Dynamic Content Database Access MQTT over Secure WebSockets (Publish, Subscribe) Subscribe Republish Execute Functions Streaming Data Write to DynamoDB Execute Functions Execute Functions (Micro-Batches) Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS) Publish
24. Web Browser CloudFront Edge Location S3 Bucket Amazon API Gateway Lambda Function(s) DynamoDB Table(s) AWS IoT Topic(s) AWS IoT Rule(s) Kinesis Stream(s) HTTPS Dynamic Content Database Access MQTT over Secure WebSockets (Publish, Subscribe) Subscribe Republish Execute Functions Streaming Data Write to DynamoDB Execute Functions Execute Functions (Micro-Batches) Amazon Cognito Authentication (AWS Temporary Credentials) Static Content (HTML, CSS, JS) Publish
25. What about Topics & Rules?
26. Web Browser AWS IoT Topics chat/in/${iot:ClientId} chat/out chat/pub/${room} chat/stream $aws/events/# Each client has a secure “input” topic to receive content from the back end All client can publish on an “output” topic, they are recognizable by their clientId All client can subscribe and receive from “public” topics Another “output” topic optimized for high volumes AWS IoT Lifecycle Events
27. Web Browser AWS IoT Topics AWS IoT Rules chat/in/${iot:ClientId} chat/out chat/pub/${room} chat/stream $aws/events/# Each client has a secure “input” topic to receive content from the back end All client can publish on an “output” topic, they are recognizable by their clientId All client can subscribe and receive from “public” topics Another “output” topic optimized for high volumes AWS IoT Lifecycle Events Lambda function to process important messages, such as a new client connection Republish rule to send messages to the corresponding room public topic Lambda function to process high volume dreaming data Kinesis Stream to manage high volume streaming data Lambda function to process AWS IoT Lifecycle Events Store all messages in a database, to be sent to the client on connection
28. Web Browser AWS IoT Topics AWS IoT Rules chat/in/${iot:ClientId} chat/out chat/pub/${room} chat/stream $aws/events/# Each client has a secure “input” topic to receive content from the back end All client can publish on an “output” topic, they are recognizable by their clientId All client can subscribe and receive from “public” topics Another “output” topic optimized for high volumes AWS IoT Lifecycle Events Lambda function to process important messages, such as a new client connection Republish rule to send messages to the corresponding room public topic Lambda function to process high volume dreaming data Kinesis Stream to manage high volume streaming data Lambda function to process AWS IoT Lifecycle Events Store all messages in a database, to be sent to the client on connection You can use this topic to inject JavaScript code in the browser
29. So how does the flow look like?
37. Demo https://chat.danilop.net/websummit
38. Code https://github.com/danilop/serverless-chat More Info http://docs.aws.amazon.com/iot/latest/developerguide/protocols.html http://docs.aws.amazon.com/iot/latest/developerguide/life-cycle-events.html http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/DynamoDB/DocumentClient.html
39. From Event-Driven Architectures…
40. …To Functional Programming?
41. Functional Programming Transforming Data Using Expressions (Functions) Without Side Effects Immutable Data Pure Functions Higher-Order Functions From “Research Topics in Functional Programming” ed. D. Turner, Addison-Wesley, 1990, pp 17–42. 1 Why Functional Programming Matters John Hughes The University, Glasgow Abstract As software becomes more and more complex, it is more and more important to structure it well. Well-structured software is easy to write and to debug, and provides a collection of modules that can be reused to reduce future programming costs. In this paper we show that two fea- tures of functional languages in particular, higher-order functions and lazy evaluation, can contribute significantly to modularity. As examples, we manipulate lists and trees, program several numerical algorithms, and im- plement the alpha-beta heuristic (an algorithm from Artificial Intelligence used in game-playing programs). We conclude that since modularity is the key to successful programming, functional programming o↵ers important advantages for software development. 1 Introduction This paper is an attempt to demonstrate to the larger community of (non- functional) programmers the significance of functional programming, and also to help functional programmers exploit its advantages to the full by making it clear what those advantages are. Functional programming is so called because its fundamental operation is the application of functions to arguments. A main program itself is written as a function that receives the program’s input as its argument and delivers the program’s output as its result. Typically the main function is defined in terms of other functions, which in turn are defined in terms of still more functions, until at the bottom level the functions are language primitives. All of these functions are much like ordinary mathematical functions, and in this paper they will be 1 An earlier version of this paper appeared in the The Computer Journal, 32(2):98–107, April 1989. Copyright belongs to The British Computer Society, who grant permission to copy for educational purposes only without fee provided the copies are not made for direct commercial advantage and this BCS copyright notice appears. https://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/whyfp90.pdf
42. Let’s build a “Tag Cloud” from Your Pictures images
43. getLabels groupBy + renderHtml images Amazon Rekognition browser Event-Driven Architecture Let’s build a “Tag Cloud” from Your Pictures
44. renderHtml(groupBy(getLabels([images])), htmlParams) Functional View Let’s build a “Tag Cloud” from Your Pictures
45. renderHtml(groupBy(getLabels([images])), htmlParams) Functional View Let’s build a “Tag Cloud” from Your Pictures
46. renderHtml(groupBy(getLabels([images])), htmlParams) Functional View Let’s build a “Tag Cloud” from Your Pictures
47. renderHtml(groupBy(getLabels([images])), htmlParams) Functional View Let’s build a “Tag Cloud” from Your Pictures
48. map(f, [x1, x2, …, xn]) = [f(x1), f(x2), …, f(xn)] Higher-Order Functions filter(f, [x1, x2, …, xn]) = [xi if f(xi) is true] count([a, b, a, c, a, b]) = {a: 3, b: 2, c: 1}
49. renderHtml(groupBy(getLabels([images])), htmlParams) ⇩ renderHtml(count(map(getLabel, [images]))), htmlParams) Reusable More reusable
50. Lambda Functions + Step Functions Lambda Function Input State Machine Output translate create execute Tasks State passing (Immutable Data) Tasks are performed only if required (Lazy Evaluation) A Lambda Function dynamically creating a State Machine executing the logic
51. Event-Driven Architectures + Functional Programming + Standard Serverless Library Happy to get your feedback on this!
52. What is Serverless? “Build and run applications without thinking about servers”
53. https://bit.ly/devworkshops
54. © 2017, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Danilo Poccia, Technical Evangelist danilop@amazon.com Serverless by Example: Building A Real-Time Chat System @danilop danilop