practices including… a. perceived skill level understanding, speaking/signing, reading, and writing b. situations in which they use/used language/dialect (e.g., home/with family, school religious institution, work, friends, online, in public, travelling, etc.) 2. Language portrait 3. Interview transcript about the portrait a. Discourse-based interview (DBI) uses an anchor text (like the language portrait) to elicit tacit beliefs, values, assumptions, knowledge by asking participants about alternative choices they might be willing to make and why or why not. 4. Official institutional texts focused on language (e.g., master and strategic plans, program and course outcomes, college-wise assessment rubrics, etc.)