APRIL AWESOMENESS ADHD PRESENTATION

FOR YKYZ

Transcript

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder The Neuropsychological Perspective By Noah Khan
2. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Defined ▪ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ▪ Mental Disorder of the Neurodevelopmental Type [1] ▪ Colloquially has other names: ADD/Hyperactivity Disorder/ Etc. ▪ Remember 3 Common Symptoms: ▪ Abnormal levels of hyperactivity ▪ Impulsivity ▪ Trouble focusing attention [1]
3. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Types ▪ Occurs in Children and Adults [2] ▪ Girls Vs Boys May Present Differently [3] ▪ More common in Boys ▪ Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive type [1] ▪ Most common type of ADHD. Inattentive and hyperactive symptoms. ▪ Predominantly hyperactive and Impulsive Type [1] ▪ Predominantly Inattentive Type [1] ▪ Difficulty finishing/focusing on tasks 3 Types:
4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – Causes ▪ Unknown yet genetic and neurological origins are highly suspected. ▪ Dopamine plays a key role [4] ▪ Environmental causes may contribute risk factors [4] ▪ Smoking during pregnancy under investigation ▪ Neurotoxins ▪ Lead ▪ Pesticides ▪ Organophosphate ▪ Neuroanatomical differences are present in people with ADHD [5] ▪ Decreased gray matter volume
5. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – Diagnosis ▪ It takes a detailed history as there is no single test ▪ Over the past 6 months usually from parent and child together ▪ Symptoms appear before 12 years old. ▪ ADHD Rating Scales are useful ▪ New developments in screening (A Self-Report Screening Scale) ▪ High Sensitivity and Specificity ▪ Most Doctors agree one single test is not sufficient
6. Treatment: “Bio-Psycho-Social” Modalities [6] Biological • Medication • Supplements Psychological • Counselling • Behavioral therapies • Psychoeducation • Neurofeedback Social • Support Groups • Occupational Therapy • Join Activities
7. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – Future ▪ Cases do progress to adulthood (30%-50%) [3] ▪ Must acknowledge comorbidities such as depression, anxiety disorders etc ▪ Perhaps the brain is being under-stimulated and the result is hyperactivity. ▪ Neuropsychology explores the interesting aspects of this disease that is multifactorial.
8. References 1. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). 2. Pubmed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2518387/ 3. Center for Disease Control: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adhd.htm 4. Pubmed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19738093 5. Pubmed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26748338 6. Wigal SB (2009). "Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults“ https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004