[OpenWest 2014] PHP 5.NEXT: The New Bits

PHP 5.5 is has been unleashed into the world; bringing some great new features including generators and coroutines, a finally construct, simple password hashing and other small changes.

Now PHP 5.6 on the horizon bringing even more changes, including variadic functions and the splat operator.

This talk is aimed at developers who use PHP every day and are looking to start new projects with the latest and greatest, or want to future-proof legacy code.

Transcript

1. PHP 5.NEXT
   The New Bits
   

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2. Proprietary and Confidential
   •Community Engineer at
   Engine Yard
   •Author of Zend PHP 5
   Certification Study Guide,
   Sitepoints PHP Anthology:
   101 Essential Tips, Tricks &
   Hacks & PHP Master: Write
   Cutting Edge Code
   •A contributor to Zend
   Framework 1 & 2, phpdoc,
   and PHP internals
   • Original creator of PHAR/
   PHP_Archive
   •@dshafik
   Davey Shafik
   

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3. The Small Stuff
   

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4. T_POW — The “exponent” operator
   

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5. Proprietary and Confidential
   • Double Asterisk (**) operator"
   • Raises the left operator to the right power"
   • Right Associative
   T_POW — The “exponent” operator
   echo 2 ** 3 ** 2; // 512 (not 64)
   2 ** (3 ** 2)
   echo -3 ** 2; // -9 (not 9)
   -(3 ** 2)
   echo 1 - 3 ** 2; // -8 (not 4)

   1 - (3 ** 2)
   echo ~3 ** 2; // -10 (not 16)
   ~(3 ** 2)
   

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6. Constant Scalar Expressions
   

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7. Proprietary and Confidential
   • Use expressions when defining:"
   • global constants with const keyword"
   • class constants with the const keyword"
   • class properties"
   • static variables"
   • function arguments
   Constant Scalar Expressions
   

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8. Proprietary and Confidential
   • " 123 - Integers"
   • " 123.456 - Floats"
   • " “foo” - Strings"
   • " __LINE__ - Line magic constant"
   • " __FILE__ - File magic constant"
   • " __DIR__ - Directory magic constant"
   • " __TRAIT__ - Trait magic constant"
   • " __METHOD__ - Method magic constant"
   • " __FUNCTION__ - Function magic constant"
   • " __NAMESPACE__ - Namespace magic constant"
   • " <<• " <<<'NOWDOC' - NOWDOC string syntax"
   • " SOME_RANDOM_CONSTANT - Constants"
   • " class_name::SOME_CONST - Class constants
   Expression Suppport
   

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9. Proprietary and Confidential
   Global constants with const keyword
   const FOO = 1 + 1;
   const BAR = 1 << 1;
   const GREETING = "HELLO";
   const BAZ = GREETING." WORLD!"
   

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10. Proprietary and Confidential
    Class constants with the const keyword
    class Foo {
    const FOO = 1 + 1;
    const BAR = 1 << 1;
    const GREETING = "HELLO";
    const BAZ = self::GREETING." WORLD!"
    }
    

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11. Proprietary and Confidential
    Class Properties
    class Foo {
    const BAZ = 10;
    }
    class Bar {
    public $foo = 1 + 1;
    public $bar = [
    1 + 1,
    1 << 2,
    Foo::BAZ => "foo "."bar"
    ];
    public $baseDir = __DIR__ . "/base";
    }
    

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12. Proprietary and Confidential
    Static Variables
    const BAR = 0x10;
    function foo() {
    static $a = 1 + 1;
    static $b = [1 << 2];
    static $c = 0x01 | BAR;
    }
    

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13. Proprietary and Confidential
    Function Arguments
    const  BAR  =  1;  
       
    function  f($a  =  1  +  1,  $b  =  2  <<  3,  $c  =  BAR?10:100)  {  
    }
    

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14. __debugInfo()
    

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15. Proprietary and Confidential
    • Magic method to control the output of var_dump()
    __debugInfo()
    class File {
    // "Resource(stream)" isn't all that useful
    private $fp;
    // But all the stream meta data is
    public function __debugInfo() {
    return $this->fp ? stream_get_meta_data($fp) : [];
    }
    public function open($filename, $mode = 'r'){
    $this->fp = fopen($filename, $mode);
    }
    }
    

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16. Proprietary and Confidential
    __debugInfo() (Cont.)
    $f = new File;
    var_dump($f); // object(File)#1 { }
    $f->open('http://php.net');
    var_dump($f);
    /*
    object(File)#1 {
    ["wrapper_type"]=>
    string(4) "http"
    ["stream_type"]=>
    string(10) "tcp_socket"
    etc...
    */
    

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17. GMP Improvements + Operator Overloading
    

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18. Proprietary and Confidential
    • GMP switches to use objects, instead of resources"
    • Serializable"
    • Castable"
    • var_dump()able"
    • Operator Overloading"
    • Internal Only :(!
    • Allows objects to define the behavior when used as operands with:"
    • Basic Math Operators: + - * / %
    • Bitshifting: << >>
    • Concat: ."
    • Boolean Operators: | & ^ XOR ~ !
    GMP Improvements + Operator Overloading
    

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19. Proprietary and Confidential
    GMP Improvements + Operator Overloading
    $result  =  gmp_mod(  
           gmp_add(  
                   gmp_mul($c0,  gmp_mul($ms0,  gmp_invert($ms0,  $n0))),  
                   gmp_add(  
                           gmp_mul($c1,  gmp_mul($ms1,  gmp_invert($ms1,  $n1))),  
                           gmp_mul($c2,  gmp_mul($ms2,  gmp_invert($ms2,  $n2)))  
                   )  
           ),  
           gmp_mul($n0,  gmp_mul($n1,  $n2))  
    );
    

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20. Proprietary and Confidential
    GMP Improvements + Operator Overloading
    $result  =  (  
           $c0  *  $ms0  *  gmp_invert($ms0,  $n0)  
       +  $c1  *  $ms1  *  gmp_invert($ms1,  $n1)  
       +  $c2  *  $ms2  *  gmp_invert($ms2,  $n2)  
    )  %  ($n0  *  $n1  *  $n2);
    

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21. phpdbg SAPI
    

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22. Proprietary and Confidential
    • GDB-like debugger for PHP"
    • Stand-alone SAPI, like CLI, CGI, or php-fpm"
    • Not an extension like xdebug/Zend Debugger!
    • Full featured"
    • Break on file, function, method, opline address, current file line #,
    expressions, conditions, and opcodes"
    • Full disassembly"
    • Remote debugging
    phpdbg SAPI
    

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23. Proprietary and Confidential
    

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24. Import Namespaced Functions & Constants
    

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25. Proprietary and Confidential
    • Prior to PHP 5.6:"
    • Outside of the namespace, function names/constants had to be fully
    qualified"
    • You could alias the namespace to shorten it (ugh!)"
    "
    • Add two new keyword sequences:"
    • use function \foo\bar\function"
    • use const \foo\bar\BAZ"
    • Use commas to import multiples
    Import Namespaced Functions & Constants
    

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26. Proprietary and Confidential
    Import Namespaced Functions & Constants
    namespace foo\bar {
    const HELLO_WORLD = "Hello World";
    function strlen($str) {
    return \strlen($str);
    }
    }
    namespace {
    use function foo\bar\strlen;
    use function foo\bar\non_existent; // Doesn't exist!
    use const foo\bar\HELLO_WORLD;
    var_dump(strlen(HELLO_WORLD)); // not ambiguous
    var_dump(non_existent()); // Does not fall-through
    // to global scope: fatal error
    }
    

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27. Proprietary and Confidential
    • Great for DSLs!
    Import Namespaced Functions & Constants
    use function html\div, html\p, html\em;
    $html = div(p('Some', em('Text')));
    

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28. Variadic Functions
    

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29. Variadic Syntax
    … $variable
    

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30. Proprietary and Confidential
    • Variadic means to accept a variable number of arguments"
    • Previously you needed to use func_num_args()/func_get_args()"
    • Which includes defined arguments also!"
    • New syntax: "… $variable" (triple dot)"
    • Array with just the variable arguments"
    • Self-documenting code"
    • Supports by-reference"
    • Allows type hints"
    • Must be the last argument!
    Variadic Functions
    

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31. Variadic Functions
    function fn($reqParam, $optParam = null, ...$params) {
    var_dump($reqParam, $optParam, $params);
    }
    fn(1); // 1, null, []
    fn(1, 2); // 1, 2, []
    fn(1, 2, 3); // 1, 2, [3]
    fn(1, 2, 3, 4); // 1, 2, [3, 4]
    fn(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); // 1, 2, [3, 4, 5]
    

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32. Variadic Functions — References
    class MySQL implements DB {
    public function prepare($query, &...$params) {
    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
    foreach ($params as $i => &$param) {
    $stmt->bindParam($i + 1, $param);
    }
    return $stmt;
    }
    // ...
    }
    $stmt = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO users 

    (name, email, age) VALUES (?, ?, ?)',
    $name, $email, $age);

    foreach ($usersToInsert as list($name, $email, $age)) {
    $stmt->execute();
    }
    

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33. Variadic Functions — Type hints
    function hooks($name, Callable ... $callbacks) {
    foreach ($callbacks as $callback) {
    $callback();
    }
    }
    

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34. Argument Unpack (AKA: SPLAT)
    

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35. Splat Syntax
    … $variable
    

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36. Splat Syntax
    function fn(… $variable)
    

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37. Proprietary and Confidential
    • The opposite of variadics, unpack an array (or similar) as arguments"
    • No more call_user_func_array() (which is “slow”)"
    • Valid for any argument list (including new foo(… $var))"
    • Must be at the end of the argument list"
    • Use it multiple times!
    Splat
    

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38. Splat
    function test(...$args) { var_dump($args); }
    test(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]
    test(...[1, 2, 3]); // [1, 2, 3]
    test(...new ArrayIterator([1, 2, 3])); // [1, 2, 3]
    

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39. Splat
    $args1 = [1, 2, 3];
    $args2 = [4, 5, 6];
    test(...$args1, ...$args2); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    test(1, 2, 3, ...$args2); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    test(...$args1, 4, 5, 6); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    

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40. What Next?
    

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41. HHVM
    

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42. Proprietary and Confidential
    • Alternative PHP runtime from Facebook"
    • Super Fast"
    • Close to feature parity"
    • Mostly just missing some key extensions"
    • Crazy Fast (no really)
    HHVM
    

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43. Proprietary and Confidential
    • The most un-googleable name for a thing, ever"
    • A “new” language based on PHP that supports strong type hinting"
    • Mostly a dev-tool: instant static analysis can detect bugs and other issues
    during development"
    • Ignored during runtime"
    • Uses • Can co-exist with • Supports native X(HT)ML (XHP)"
    • Easy Parallelization with async functions
    HHVM: Hack
    

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44. HHVM: Hack — Type hints
    function echo_upper(string $s) {
    echo (strtoupper($s));
    }
    function sum(array $a) {
    return array_reduce($a, ($sum, $i) ==> $sum + $i);
    }
    

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45. Proprietary and Confidential
    • Enhanced/Specialized Arrays"
    • OO interface for arrays"
    • Frozen* and Mutable* variants
    HHVM: Hack — Vectors, Sets, Maps
    $v = Vector {"d", "c", "b"};
    $v->add("a");
    $v->reverse();
    $v = $v
    ->map(($_) ==> strtoupper($_))
    ->filter(($_) ==> strcmp($_, "D") < 0);
    

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46. HHVM: Hack — Native X(HT)ML
    $v = Vector {"d", "c", "b"};
    $v->add("a");
    $v->reverse();
    $v = $v->map(($_) ==> strtoupper($_))->filter(($_) ==> strcmp($_, "D") < 0);
    $items = ;
    foreach ($v as $i) {
    $items->appendChild({$i});
    }
    echo Vector:{$items}; // A, B, C
    $m = Map {"a" => 1, "b" => 2};
    $m->add(Pair {"d", 4});
    echo Map:
    
    contains "a": {$m->contains("a") ? "yes" : "no"} // yes
    contains "c": {$m->contains("c") ? "yes" : "no"} // no
    size: {$m->count()} // 3
    
    ;
    

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47. ReactPHP
    Asynchronous Event-based Applications
    

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48. ReactPHP
    reactphp.org
    

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49. ReactPHP
    $app = function ($request, $response) {
    $response->writeHead(200,['Content-Type' => ‘text/plain']);
    $response->end("Hello World\n");
    };
    $loop = React\EventLoop\Factory::create();
    $socket = new React\Socket\Server($loop);
    $http = new React\Http\Server($socket, $loop);
    $http->on('request', $app);
    echo "Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8080\n";
    $socket->listen(8080);
    $loop->run();
    Uses LibEV, LibEvent or Streams Socket Select
    

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50. Proprietary and Confidential
    "
    • Async Redis Client"
    • ZeroMQ, Stomp Support"
    • Promises (CommonJS Promises/A)"
    • Partials"
    • GifSocket

    "Real Time communication library using Animated Gifs as a transport™" -
    Alvaro Videla.
    ReactPHP
    

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51. Proprietary and Confidential
    Feedback & Questions: "
    Feedback: https://joind.in/11173

    Twitter: @dshafik
    Email: davey@engineyard.com
    Slides: http://daveyshafik.com/slides
    

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