Technically, a talk | RailsConf 2020

Hello! I’m Eileen M. Uchitelle! Work @GitHub Member of Rails
Core Find me @eileencodes

Technically, a Talk

Jan 18 Feb 18 Mar 18 Apr 18 May 18
Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #35073 #35130 #35237 #36469 #36834 #36868 #38042 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #33877 #34052 #34505 #34054 #34491 #34632 #34753 #35042 #35123 #35089 #35899 #36394 #37065 #37180 #37199 #37503 #37296 #37408 #37622 #37874 #38258 #38339 #39190 #38531 #38580 #38581 #38672 #38670 #38920 #38684 #38770

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #38684

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #38670 #38920 #38684

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #38770 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #38684 #38670 #38920

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #33877 #34052 #34505 #34054 #34491 #34632 #34753 #35042 #35123 #35089 #35899 #36394 #37065 #37180 #37199 #37503 #37296 #37408 #37622 #37874 #38258 #38339 #39190 #38531 #38580 #38581 #38672 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #38684 #38670 #38920 #38770

What are multiple databases?

Application Demo

Design & Architecture

What are multiple databases?

PRODUCTION APPLICATION Standard setup

APPLICATION Horizontal sharding ROWS A-I ROWS J-R ROWS S-Z PRODUCTION

APPLICATION Functional partitioning PRODUCTION MEALS PRODUCTION SIDES PRODUCTION DESSERTS

APPLICATION Read replicas PRODUCTION REPLICA 1 REPLICA 2 REPLICA 3

Application Demo

Recipes Application APPLICATION

APPLICATION Recipes Application PRIMARY

Recipes Application MEALS APPLICATION PRIMARY

Recipes Application MEALS APPLICATION PRIMARY REPLICA REPLICAS

Design & Architecture

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 Migrations #38684

bin/rails g scaffold DinnerRecipe title:string recipe:text --database meals_default

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 Database Conﬁgurations #38670 #38920

development: database: recipes_development test: database: recipes_test production: database: recipes_production

{ "development" => { "database" => "recipes_development" }, "test" =>
{ "database" => "recipes_test" }, "production" => { "database" => "recipes_production" } }

development: primary: database: recipes_development primary_replica: database: recipes_development replica: true test:
primary: database: recipes_test primary_replica: database: recipes_test replica: true production: primary: database: recipes_production primary_replica: database: recipes_production replica: true

{ "development" => { "primary" => { "database" => "recipes_development"
}, "primary_replica" => { "database" => "recipes_development", "replica" => true }, } "test" => { "primary" => { "database" => "recipes_test" }, "primary_replica" => { "database" => "recipes_test", "replica" => true }, }, "production" => { "primary" => { "database" => "recipes_production" }, "primary_replica" => { "database" => "recipes_production", "replica" => true }, } }

Conﬁguration as Objects

#<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production", @name = "primary", @configuration_hash = {
:adapter => "mysql2", :database => "recipes_app_development" } >

DATABASE_URL= "postgres://root:pass123@localhost:9000/my_database"

DATABASE_URL="postgres://root:pass123@localhost:9000/my_database" #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::UrlConfig @env_name = "production", @name = "primary", @configuration_hash =
{ :adapter => "postgres", :database => "my_database", :host => "localhost", :username => "root", :password => "pass123" }, @url = "postgres://root:pass123@localhost:9000/my_database" >

initializer "active_record.initialize_database" do ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do self.connection_handlers = { writing_role =>
ActiveRecord::Base.default_connection_handler } self.configurations = Rails.application.config.database_configuration establish_connection end end

def self.configurations=(config) @@configurations = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations.new(config) end module ActiveRecord class DatabaseConfigurations
def initialize(configurations = {}) @configurations = build_configs(configurations) end end end

#<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations @configurations=[ #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production", @name = "primary", @configuration_hash
= { :adapter => "mysql2", :database => "recipes_app_development" } >, #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production", @name = "meals_one", @configuration_hash = { :adapter => "mysql2", :database => "meals_one_development" } > ] >

ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: "production" )

ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: "production" ) #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations @configurations=[ #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production",
@name = "primary", @configuration_hash = { :adapter => "mysql2", :database => "recipes_app_development" }>, #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production", @name = "meals_one", @configuration_hash = { :adapter => "mysql2", :database => "meals_one_development" }>, #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production", @name = "meals_two", @configuration_hash = { :adapter => "mysql2", :database => "meals_two_development" }> ] >

ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: "production", name: "meals_one" )

ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: "production", name: "meals_one" ) #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production",
@name = "meals_one", @configuration_hash = { :adapter => "mysql2", :database => "meals_one_development" }>

ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: "production", include_replicas: true )

ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: "production", name: "meals_one" ) #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig @env_name = "production",
@name = "meals_one", @configuration_hash = { :adapter => "mysql2", :database => "meals_one_development", :replica => true }>

Using Objects Everywhere

>> db_config.configuration_hash[:database] => "meals_one_development"

>> db_config.configuration_hash[:database] => "meals_one_development" >> db_config.database => "meals_one_development"

{ "database" => "recipes_development", "replica" => true "adapter" => "mysql2",
"reaping_frequency" => 60, "username" => "user_ro", "password" => ENV["PASSWORD"]}

"reaping_frequency" => 60, "username" => "user_ro", "password" => ENV["PASSWORD"]...} Values Rails Needs • database • host • adapter • replica • pool • reaping_frequency • checkout_timeout • idle_timeout

"reaping_frequency" => 60, "username" => "user_ro", "password" => ENV["PASSWORD"]...} • database • host • adapter • replica • pool • reaping_frequency • checkout_timeout • idle_timeout • database • host • username • password • timeout • custom settings Values Rails Needs Values Clients Need

class HashConfig ... def checkout_timeout (configuration_hash[:checkout_timeout] || 5).to_f end def
reaping_frequency configuration_hash.fetch(:reaping_frequency, 60)&.to_f end def idle_timeout timeout = configuration_hash.fetch(:idle_timeout, 300).to_f timeout if timeout > 0 end ... end

- @checkout_timeout = (spec.db_config.configuration_hash[:checkout_timeout] && spec.db_config.configuration_hash[:checkout_timeout].to_f) || 5 - if
@idle_timeout = spec.db_config.configuration_hash.fetch(:idle_timeout, 300) - @idle_timeout = @idle_timeout.to_f - @idle_timeout = nil if @idle_timeout <= 0 - end - # default max pool size to 5 - @size = (spec.db_config.configuration_hash[:pool] && spec.db_config.configuration_hash[:pool].to_i) || 5 + @checkout_timeout = spec.db_config.checkout_timeout + @idle_timeout = spec.db_config.idle_timeout + @size = spec.db_config.pool

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 Rails Tasks #38770

rails db:create rails db:drop rails db:migrate rails db:reset rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations
rails db:migrate:status rails db:structure:dump rails db:schema:cache:dump

task migrate: :load_config do original_db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.env
).each do |db_config| ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(db_config) ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrate end db_namespace["_dump"].invoke ensure ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(original_db_config) end

rails db:create:primary rails db:create:meals_default rails db:create:meals_one rails db:create:meals_two rails db:drop:primary
rails db:drop:meals_default rails db:drop:meals_one rails db:drop:meals_two rails db:migrate:primary rails db:drop:meals_default rails db:migrate:meals_one rails db:migrate:meals_two

namespace :migrate do ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.for_each(databases) do |name| desc "Migrate #{name} database
for current environment" task name => :load_config do original_db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: Rails.env, name: name ) ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(db_config) ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrate db_namespace["_dump:#{name}"].invoke ensure ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(original_db_config) end end end

def load_database_yaml if path = paths["config/database"].existent.first require "rails/application/dummy_erb_compiler" yaml =
Pathname.new(path) erb = DummyERB.new(yaml.read) YAML.load(erb.result) || {} else {} end end

class DummyERB < ERB # :nodoc: def make_compiler(trim_mode) DummyCompiler.new trim_mode
end end class DummyCompiler < ERB::Compiler # :nodoc: def compile_content(stag, out) if stag == "<%=" out.push "_erbout << ''" end end end

namespace :migrate do ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.for_each(databases) do |name| desc "Migrate #{name} database
for current environment" task name => :load_config do original_db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for( env_name: Rails.env, name: name ) ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(db_config) ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrate db_namespace["_dump:#{name}"].invoke ensure ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(original_db_config) end end end

❌ rake db:migrate:up ❌ rake db:migrate:down ❌ rake db:rollback

✅ rails db:migrate:up:primary ✅ rails db:migrate:up:meals_one ✅ rails db:migrate:up:meals_two ✅
rails db:migrate:down:primary ✅ rails db:migrate:down:meals_one ✅ rails db:migrate:down:meals_two ✅ rails db:rollback:primary ✅ rails db:rollback:meals_one ✅ rails db:rollback:meals_two

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 Connection APIs #33877 #34052 #34505 #34054 #34491 #34632 #34753 #35042 #35123 #35089 #35899 #36394 #37065 #37180 #37199 #37503 #37296 #37408 #37622 #37874 #38258 #38339 #39190 #38531 #38580 #38581 #38672

connects_to API

initializer "active_record.initialize_database" do ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do self.connection_handlers = { writing_role =>
ActiveRecord::Base.default_connection_handler } self.configurations = Rails.application.config.database_configuration establish_connection end end

class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base self.abstract_class = true connects_to database: {
writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica } end

writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica } end Role

writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica } end Name

writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica } end

class MealApplicationRecord < ApplicationRecord self.abstract_class = true connects_to shards: {
default: { writing: :meals_default, reading: :meals_default_replica }, shard_one: { writing: :meals_one, reading: :meals_one_replica } shard_two: { writing: :meals_two, reading: :meals_two_replica } } end

default: { writing: :meals_default, reading: :meals_default_replica }, shard_one: { writing: :meals_one, reading: :meals_one_replica } shard_two: { writing: :meals_two, reading: :meals_two_replica } } end Shard key

default: { writing: :meals_default, reading: :meals_default_replica }, shard_one: { writing: :meals_one, reading: :meals_one_replica } shard_two: { writing: :meals_two, reading: :meals_two_replica } } end Role

default: { writing: :meals_default, reading: :meals_default_replica }, shard_one: { writing: :meals_one, reading: :meals_one_replica } shard_two: { writing: :meals_two, reading: :meals_two_replica } } end Name

connected_to API

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do User.first DinnerRecipe.first end

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do DinnerRecipe.create! # boom end => ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing, prevent_writes: true) do DinnerRecipe.create! # boom end =>
ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_two) do DinnerRecipe.create! end

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to( shard: :shard_two, role: :reading ) do DinnerRecipe.create! end

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_two) do User.create! end => ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished

:writing

:writing ActiveRecord::Base

:writing ActiveRecord::Base PoolConﬁg

:writing ActiveRecord::Base conn_spec_name PoolConﬁg

:writing ActiveRecord::Base conn_spec_name db_conﬁg PoolConﬁg

:writing ActiveRecord::Base conn_spec_name db_conﬁg schema_cache PoolConﬁg

:writing ActiveRecord::Base conn_spec_name db_conﬁg schema_cache PoolConﬁg ConnectionPool

:writing ActiveRecord::Base PoolConﬁg ConnectionPool MealApplicationR... PoolConﬁg ConnectionPool

:writing ActiveRecord::Base :writing MealApplicationR... :reading ActiveRecord::Base PoolConfig MealApplicationR... PoolConfig ConnectionPool
ConnectionPool PoolConfig ConnectionPool PoolConfig ConnectionPool

:writing ActiveRecord::Base MealApplicationR... PoolConﬁg ConnectionPool PoolConﬁg ConnectionPool

:writing ActiveRecord::Base PoolConfig MealApplicationR... PoolConfig ConnectionPool ConnectionPool MealApplicationR... PoolConfig ConnectionPool

:writing ActiveRecord::Base MealApplicationR... MealApplicationR... PoolConfig ConnectionPool MealApplicationR... PoolConfig ConnectionPool PoolConfig
ConnectionPool PoolConfig ConnectionPool

:writing ActiveRecord::Base Pool Conﬁg Connection Pool :default PoolConﬁg ConnectionPool ActiveRecord::Base

:writing :default PoolConfig ConnectionPool :shard_one PoolConfig ConnectionPool :shard_two PoolConfig ConnectionPool
MealApplicationBase ActiveRecord::Base Pool Config Connection Pool :default PoolConfig ActiveRecord::Base ConnectionPool

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #35073 #35130 #35237 #36469 #36834 #36868 #38042 Automatic connection swapping

Rails.application.configure do config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds } config.active_record.database_resolver =
ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session end

class DatabaseSelector def initialize(app, resolver_klass = nil, context_klass = nil,
options = {}) @app = app @resolver_klass = resolver_klass || Resolver @context_klass = context_klass || Resolver::Session @options = options end ... end

class DatabaseSelector def call(env) request = ActionDispatch::Request.new(env) select_database(request) do @app.call(env)
end end ... end

class DatabaseSelector def select_database(request, &blk) context = context_klass.call(request) resolver =
resolver_klass.call(context, options) response = if reading_request?(request) resolver.read(&blk) else resolver.write(&blk) end resolver.update_context(response) response end end

class Resolver # :nodoc: ... def read(&blk) if read_from_primary? read_from_primary(&blk)
else read_from_replica(&blk) end end end

class Resolver ... def read_from_primary? !time_since_last_write_ok? end def time_since_last_write_ok? Time.now
- context.last_write_timestamp >= delay end end

class Resolver ... def read_from_primary(&blk) ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to( role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role, prevent_writes: true
) do instrumenter.instrument("database_selector") do yield end end end end

class Resolver ... def read_from_replica(&blk) ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to( role: ActiveRecord::Base.reading_role, prevent_writes: true
) do instrumenter.instrument("database_selector") do yield end end end end

class Resolver ... def write_to_primary(&blk) ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to( role: ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role, prevent_writes: false
) do instrumenter.instrument("database_selector") do yield ensure context.update_last_write_timestamp end end end end

class Resolver class Cookie def self.call(request) new(request.cookies) end def initialize(cookies)
@cookies = cookies end def update_last_write_timestamp @cookies[:last_write] = self.class.convert_time_to_timestamp(Time.now) end end end

Rails.application.configure do config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds } config.active_record.database_resolver =
ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Cookies end

Thank You ❤

Abe Uchitelle

@searls

@tenderlove

@seejohnrun

And all of you

Extracting to Upstream a

Migrations didn’t run,

Migrations didn’t run, conﬁgurations were broken,

Rails tasks didn’t work correctly, Migrations didn’t run, conﬁgurations were
broken,

Migrations didn’t run, conﬁgurations were broken, Rails tasks didn’t work
correctly, no way for models to establish multiple connections,

no API or pattern for auto-switching connections... Migrations didn’t run,
conﬁgurations were broken, Rails tasks didn’t work correctly, no way for models to establish multiple connections,

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #38684

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #38670 #38920 #38684

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #38770 #38684 #38670 #38920

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #33877 #34052 #34505 #34054 #34491 #34632 #34753 #35042 #35123 #35089 #35899 #36394 #37065 #37180 #37199 #37503 #37296 #37408 #37622 #37874 #38258 #38339 #39190 #38531 #38580 #38581 #38672 #38684 #38670 #38920 #38770

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #35073 #35130 #35237 #36469 #36834 #36868 #38042 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #33877 #34052 #34505 #34054 #34491 #34632 #34753 #35042 #35123 #35089 #35899 #36394 #37065 #37180 #37199 #37503 #37296 #37408 #37622 #37874 #38258 #38339 #39190 #38531 #38580 #38581 #38672 #38670 #38920 #38684 #38770 Public APIs / User Experience

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #35073 #35130 #35237 #36469 #36834 #36868 #38042 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #33877 #34052 #34505 #34054 #34491 #34632 #34753 #35042 #35123 #35089 #35899 #36394 #37065 #37180 #37199 #37503 #37296 #37408 #37622 #37874 #38258 #38339 #39190 #38531 #38580 #38581 #38672 #38670 #38920 #38684 #38770 Private APIs / Internals

Rails already has a strong foundation

Don't build for perfect, imaginary cases

We built Rails for you

We optimize for your happiness

Technically, a Talk

But actually, a love letter

Jun 18 Jul 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 18 Jan 19 Feb 19 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 19 Aug 19 Sep 19 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 19 Jan 20 Feb 20 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 20 #31727 #33760 #36439 #36371 #36886 #38235 #38444 #32075 #32271 #32396 #32274 #33637 #33770 #34495 #34969 #35102 #35242 #36560 #36565 #36756 #36770 #36814 #37185 #37182 #37231 #37276 #37277 #37279 #37280 #37695 #37873 #37963 #38008 #38004 #34495 #38536 #38609 #32774 #33748 #35479 #35663 #36023 #36039 #36237 *d83ab #36824 #37223 #37242 #37291 #37230 #37365 *48d58 *0a353 #35073 #35130 #35237 #36469 #36834 #36868 #38042 #37298 #37364 #37368 #37443 #38011 #37280 #38209 #33877 #34052 #34505 #34054 #34491 #34632 #34753 #35042 #35123 #35089 #35899 #36394 #37065 #37180 #37199 #37503 #37296 #37408 #37622 #37874 #38258 #38339 #39190 #38531 #38580 #38581 #38672 #38670 #38920 #38684 #38770 ❤

Technically, a talk | RailsConf 2020

Technically, a talk | RailsConf 2020

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