Effective Multithreading in iOS

Transcript

1. © 2010-2011 !"#$%&%' ()*#+,-, Hack&Dev Team Эффективное использование потоков в iOS !"#"$$%$&'(% )#(*#"++,#(-"',% explained Monday, September 24, 12
2. Большое спасибо Майку Эшу за прекрасный список статей про GCD, и вообще за Friday Q&A http://www.mikeash.com/pyblog Monday, September 24, 12
3. Зачем нам потоки? ✤ .'(*,% API )#%/(01"-$231 -(4+(5'(01& -6)($'21& 4"/"7, "0,'8#(''( ✤ NSURLConnection ✤ NSXMLParser ✤ .'(*,% API '%2-'( -6)($'231 #"9(1: - )"#"$$%$&'68 )(1(;"8 ✤ UIWebView ✤ MKMapView Monday, September 24, 12
4. Выполнение фоновой работы ✤ NSPostWhenIdle ✤ NSOperationQueue ✤ NSThread ✤ GCD Monday, September 24, 12
5. Grand Central Dispatch ✤ API /$2 )"#"$%$&'(*( )#(*#"++,#(-"',2 ✤ !(8(5 '" NSOperationQueue ✤ !(+,+( )"#"$$%$&'(*( -6)($'%',2 9$(;(- ;(/" :+%%1 #%"*,#(-"1& '" -8(/2<,% 0(961,2 ✤ !(4-($2%1 -4*$2':1& '" )#,$(5%',% 9($%% *$(9"$&'( ✤ «=01#(-" 0%#,"$,4">,, - +(#% )"#"$$%$,4+"» Monday, September 24, 12
6. Зачем вообще использовать GCD? ✤ GCD ?@@%;1,-'( #"9(1"%1 - +'(*(4"/"7'(+ (;#:5%',,, ,0)($&4:2 #%0:#06, %0$, (', /(01:)'6, , +,',+,4,#:2 -67,0$%',2, %0$, 0,01%+" 4"'21" /#:*,+, 4"/"7"+, ✤ API (7%'& )#(01, ,0)($&4(-"',% 9$(;(- )(4-($2%1 ),0"1& ";;:#"1'( 01#:;1:#,#(-"''6A ;(/ ✤ GCD ?@@%;1,-%' /$2 B,#(;(*( 0)%;1#" 4"/"7 Monday, September 24, 12
7. Базовые понятия: очереди ✤ =0'(-'"2 (7%#%/& (dispatch_get_main_queue()) ✤ C$(9"$&'6% (7%#%/, (dispatch_get_global_queue(), /(01:)'6 /$2 ',4;(*(, 0#%/'%*( , -60(;(*( )#,(#,1%1(-) ✤ =01"$&'6% (7%#%/,, ;(1(#6% 0(4/"%1 )#(*#"++,01 (dispatch_queue_create()) Monday, September 24, 12
8. Базовые понятия: очереди ✤ !(0$%/(-"1%$&'6% ✤ !"#"$$%$&'6% (7%#%/, Monday, September 24, 12
9. Базовые понятия: очереди ✤ !(0$%/(-"1%$&'6% Задача Задача Задача Задача ✤ !"#"$$%$&'6% (7%#%/, Monday, September 24, 12
10. Базовые понятия: очереди ✤ !(0$%/(-"1%$&'6% Задача Задача Задача Задача ✤ !"#"$$%$&'6% (7%#%/, Задача Задача Задача Задача Задача Задача Monday, September 24, 12
11. dispatch_queue_t q = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW, 0); // [1] dispatch_async(q, ^{ % // ... [2] }); // [3] Постановка задачи в очередь ✤ dispatch_async – )%#%/"7" 9$(;" - (7%#%/& '" -6)($'%',% (@:';>,2 -(4-#"<"%102 0#"4:) Monday, September 24, 12
12. dispatch_queue_t q = dispatch_get_main_queue(); // [1] dispatch_sync(q, ^{ % // ... [2] }); // [3] Постановка задачи в очередь ✤ dispatch_sync – )%#%/"7" 9$(;" - (7%#%/& '" -6)($'%',% , 9$(;,#(-;" /( 4"-%#B%',2 #"9(16 ✤ D 0$:7"%, %0$, (7%#%/& /$2 9$(;" ?;-,-"$%'1'" 1%;:<%A – )($:7"%+ :/(9'6A +%8"',4+ 9$(;,#(-;, )"#"$$%$&'68 4"/"7 Monday, September 24, 12
13. dispatch_sync в деталях ✤ =7%'& ?@@%;1,-'"2 @:';>,2 ✤ E%0;($&;( 01#"1%*,A, - 4"-,0,+(01, (1 :0$(-,A #"9(16 ✤ F"+%'2%1 (967'6A locking-+%8"',4+ ✤ G"9(1"%1 ;"; '" )(0$%/(-"1%$&'68, 1"; , '" )"#"$$%$&'68 (7%#%/28 Monday, September 24, 12
14. Но есть же традиционные блокировки! ✤ GCD - (/': 9:;-: )%#%8(/,1 (1 )(0$%/(-"1%$&'(*( ; )"#"$$%$&'(+: ✤ D6 ',;(*/" '% 4"9:/%1% (1;#61& NSLock ✤ =7%#%/, +(5'( $%*;( )#,(01"'"-$,-"1&, -(4(9'(-$21&, , )%#%/"-"1& 4"/"7, +%5/: ',+, Monday, September 24, 12
15. Зависимости и группы задач ✤ H"01( -(4',;"3<"2 0,1:">,2: %01& ;(/, ;(1(#6A +(5'( #"0)"#"$$%$,1&, '( '%(98(/,+( -6)($',1& )(01-(9#"9(1;: ✤ F"/"7: '%$&42 #%B,1& 0 )(+(<&3 dispatch_async, " dispatch_sync 0-(/,1 '" '%1 -0% )#%,+:<%01-" '%0;($&;,8 -67,0$,1%$&'68 2/%# Monday, September 24, 12
16. dispatch_queue_t q = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0); dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create(); for(id obj in array) % dispatch_group_async(group, q, ^{ % % // ... [1] % }); dispatch_group_wait(group, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); dispatch_release(group); // [2] Зависимости и группы задач ✤ =9<,% 9$(;, +(5'( 0(9#"1& - *#:)): 4"/"7 ✤ E%0;($&;( -"#,"'1(- /%A01-,A: ✤ =5,/"1& 4"-%#B%',2 -0%A *#:))6 Monday, September 24, 12
17. dispatch_queue_t q = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0); dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create(); for(id obj in array) % dispatch_group_async(group, q, ^{ % % // ... [1] % }); dispatch_group_notify(group, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ % // ... [2] % dispatch_release(g); }); Зависимости и группы задач ✤ =9<,% 9$(;, +(5'( 0(9#"1& - *#:)): 4"/"7 ✤ E%0;($&;( -"#,"'1(- /%A01-,A: ✤ I(9"-,1& 9$(;, ;(1(#6A -6)($',102 )( 4"-%#B%',3 *#:))6 Monday, September 24, 12
18. dispatch_set_target_queue(subQueue, queue); dispatch_suspend(queue); // [1] Строим цепочки ✤ =7%#%/,, 0(4/"''6% -#:7':3, )( :+($7"',3 )()"/"31 - *$(9"$&':3 (7%#%/& 0#%/'%*( )#,(#,1%1" ✤ =7%#%/, +(5'( )%#%+%<"1& - /#:*,% (7%#%/,, 1%+ 0"+6+ 0(4/"-"2 '%(98(/,+:3 01#:;1:#: 0-24%A ✤ !#, ?1(+ ;"5/:3 (7%#%/& +(5'( '%4"-,0,+( )#,(01"'(-,1& ,$, -(4(9'(-,1& Monday, September 24, 12
19. Полезные мелочи ✤ J%+"@(#6 GCD #"9(1"31 1"; 5%, ;"; , $396% /#:*,% 0%+"@(#6 ✤ dispatch_semaphore_create ✤ dispatch_semaphore_signal ✤ dispatch_semaphore_wait ✤ dispatch_once – -6)($'2%1 9$(; ;(/" (/,' #"4, +";0,+"$&'( ?@@%;1,-%' Monday, September 24, 12
20. dispatch_queue_t a = dispatch_queue_create(“com.myqueue.a”, NULL); dispatch_queue_t b = dispatch_queue_create(“com.myqueue.a”, NULL); dispatch_sync(a, ^{ % dispatch_sync(b, ^{ % % dispatch_sync(a, ^{ % % % % % }); % }); }) Проблемы ✤ D4",+'"2 9$(;,#(-;" (7%#%/%A 7%#%4 dispatch_sync ✤ !#(,08(/,1 1($&;( '" )(0$%/(-"1%$&'68 (7%#%/28 Monday, September 24, 12
21. dispatch_queue_t a = dispatch_queue_create(“com.myqueue.a”, NULL); dispatch_sync(a, ^{ % dispatch_sync(a, ^{ % % printf(“Ohai, deadblock!\n”); % }); }) Проблемы ✤ D4",+'"2 9$(;,#(-;" (7%#%/%A 7%#%4 dispatch_sync ✤ !#(,08(/,1 1($&;( '" )(0$%/(-"1%$&'68 (7%#%/28 Monday, September 24, 12
22. Проблемы ✤ K$(;,#(-;" #%0:#0(- / '%8-"1;" #%0:#0(- ✤ L4-4" +%/$%''(*( /,0;(-(*( (,$,, 1%+ 9($%%, 0%1%-(*() I/O, GCD +(5%1 0(4/"-"1& '(-6% , '(-6% #"9(7,% )(1(;,, ;(1(#6% 9:/:1 1($&;( :8:/B"1& )($(5%',% ✤ G%B%',%: 4")#(06 '" 08(5,% #%0:#06 /($5'6 )#(8(/,1& 7%#%4 (/': )(0$%/(-"1%$&':3 (7%#%/& Monday, September 24, 12
23. Проблемы ✤ K$(;,#(-;" #%0:#0(- / '%8-"1;" #%0:#0(- ✤ L4-4" 9($&B(*( ;($,7%01-" )#(>%00(- +(5%1 '"7"102 0-()),'* (OSX, FreeBSD), ,$, )#,$(5%',% 9:/%1 :9,1( (iOS) ✤ G%B%',%: ,0)($&4(-"1& 0%+"@(# /$2 (*#"',7%',2 +";0,+"$&'(*( ;($,7%01-" #"9(7,8 )(1(;(- Monday, September 24, 12
24. Проблемы ✤ !(1%#2 release-;('1%;01" /$2 UIView-,%#"#8,A , :/"$%',% ,8 -'% (0'(-'(*( )(1(;" ✤ !#(9$%+" 1,),7'" '% 1($&;( /$2 GCD ✤ L0)($&4(-"',% self ,$, $39(*( ivar - 9$(;% '%2-'( :-%$,7,-"%1 retain count ✤ !(0;($&;: 9$(; ;(),#:%102 , :/"$2%102 -( -'%B'%+ ;('1%;01% ()(1%'>,"$&'( – /#:*(+ )(1(;%), 1( , 0():101-:3<,% )%#%+%''6% +(*:1 961& (;('7"1%$&'( :/"$%'6 - /#:*(+ ;('1%;01% ✤ G%B%',%: MAZeroingWeakRef, :-%/(+$%',2 ,$, $39(A /#:*(A 0)(0(9 '%2-'(A )%#%/"7, ;('1%;01" '"4"/ Monday, September 24, 12
25. Thx @darkproger, @todavchich, @pfactum Вопросы? J)"0,9( 4" -',+"',% ^__^ Monday, September 24, 12