Technical Practices for Sustainable Code 2019-09-14

Highly maintainable code is hard to produce.
Object oriented code was supposed to enable us to write clean, understandable code - and yet... we're often stuck with incomprehensible code we can't get tests around. Most of this isn't good object oriented code.
Good object oriented code is maintainable.
Writing good object oriented code is hard.
Without maintainability we can not have sustainable code, it will rot and have to be re-written. As an industry we're often given principles (DRY, SOLID, Abstraction, Code Reuse...) which sound great to have in out object oriented code. Knowing the principles is clearly not enough to enable us to write good object oriented code. We need some hands on keyboard deliberate practices that help us get there.
I just happen to write my code using some technical practices that drive good object-oriented code.
This talk goes into a few of technical practices I've found to have the biggest impact towards good object oriented code. Strictly applying just these practices will help the maintainability of the code.
These technical practices produce simple, understandable, testable code which results in extremely maintainable code that we can work in to consistently and quickly deliver value to our customers.

Transcript

1. Feature Parity in
   25% of the Dev Hours
   with
   Technical Practices for
   Sustainable Code
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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2. Feature Parity in
   25% of the Dev Hours
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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3. @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   Technical Practices for
   Sustainable Code
   

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4. Quinn Gil
   Software Development Coach
   International Speaker on Software Development
   Past 15 years focused on High Quality code
   Blog at QuinnGil.com
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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5. This is for you.
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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6. Sustainable Code
   through
   Technical Practices
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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7. Sustainable Code
   through
   Technical Practices
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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8. Sustainable Code
   through
   Technical Practices
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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9. Tests
   @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
   

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10. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    

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11. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    No Getters / No Setters
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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12. Technical Practices - No Getters - Defined
    class FizzBuzzBag
    {
    public int Input { get; set; }
    public string Result { get; set; }
    }
    class FizzBuzzBag:
    def __init__(self):
    self._result = None
    self._input = None
    @property
    def result(self):
    return self._result
    @result.setter
    def result(self, value):
    self._result = value
    @property
    def input(self):
    return self._input
    @input.setter
    def input(self, value):
    self._input = value
    class FizzBuzzBag{
    private int input;
    private String result;
    public String getResult(){
    return result;
    }
    public void setResult(String value){
    result = value;
    }
    public int getInput(){
    return input;
    }
    public void setInput(int value){
    input = value;
    }
    }
    class FizzBuzzBag
    attr_accessor :input
    attr_accessor :result
    end
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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13. Technical Practices - No Getters
    No Getters?
    No Way!
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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14. No Getters
    Technical Practices
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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15. Technical Practices - No Getters
    Why No Getters?
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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16. Technical Practices - No Getters
    How?
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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17. Technical Practices - No Getters - How?
    The Class Does It
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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18. Technical Practices - No Getters
    public class FizzBuzz{
    public int Input { get; set; }
    public string Result { get; set; }
    }
    public static class FizzBuzzUtils{
    public static void Calculate(FizzBuzz fb){
    if (fb.Input % 3 == 0){
    fb.Result = "Fizz";
    }
    if (fb.Input % 5 == 0){
    if (fb.Result == null){
    fb.Result = "Buzz";
    } else {
    fb.Result += "Buzz";
    }
    }
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fb.Result)){
    fb.Result = fb.Input.ToString();
    }
    }
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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19. Technical Practices - No Getters / No Setters
    public class FizzBuzz{
    private readonly int _input;
    public FizzBuzz(int input) => _input = input;
    public string Result(){
    string result = null;
    if (_input % 3 == 0) result = "Fizz";
    if (_input % 5 == 0){
    if (result == null) result = "Buzz";
    else result += "Buzz";
    }
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(result)){
    result = _input.ToString();
    }
    return result;
    }
    }
    public class FizzBuzz{
    public int Input { get; set; }
    public string Result { get; set; }
    }
    public static class FizzBuzzUtils{
    public static void Calculate(FizzBuzz fb){
    if (fb.Input % 3 == 0){
    fb.Result = "Fizz";
    }
    if (fb.Input % 5 == 0){
    if (fb.Result == null){
    fb.Result = "Buzz";
    } else {
    fb.Result += "Buzz";
    }
    }
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fb.Result)){
    fb.Result = fb.Input.ToString();
    }
    }
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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20. Technical Practices - No Getters / No Setters
    Benefits
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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21. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    No Getters / No Setters
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    Sustainable Code from Encapsulating Behavior
    

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22. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    `if` Only As Guard Clause
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    

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23. Technical Practices - `if` Only As Guard Clause
    Guard Clause Only?
    No Way!
    

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24. Technical Practices - `if` Only As Guard Clause
    Default Path
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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25. `if` Only As Guard Clause - Default Path
    public class FizzBuzz{
    private readonly int _input;
    public FizzBuzz(int input) => _input = input;
    public string Result(){
    string result = null;
    if (_input % 3 == 0) result = "Fizz";
    if (_input % 5 == 0){
    if (result == null) result = "Buzz";
    else result += "Buzz";
    }
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(result)){
    result = _input.ToString();
    }
    return result;
    }
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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26. public class FizzBuzz{
    private readonly int _input;
    public FizzBuzz(int input) => _input = input;
    public string Result(){
    string result = null;
    if (_input % 3 == 0) result = "Fizz";
    if (_input % 5 == 0){
    if (result == null) result = "Buzz";
    else result += "Buzz";
    }
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(result)){
    result = _input.ToString();
    }
    return result;
    }
    }
    `if` Only As Guard Clause - Default Path
    public class FizzBuzz{
    private int _input;
    public FizzBuzz(int input) => _input = input;
    public string Result(){
    if (_input % 15 == 0) return "FizzBuzz";
    if (_input % 3 == 0) return "Fizz";
    if (_input % 5 == 0) return "Buzz";
    return _input.ToString();
    }
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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27. Technical Practices - `if` Only As Guard Clause
    Cascading Changes
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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28. Technical Practices - `if` Only As Guard Clause
    Cascading Changes
    switch and else - always evil
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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29. Technical Practices - `if` Only As Guard Clause
    How?
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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30. `if` Only As Guard Clause - Default Path
    public class FizzBuzz{
    private int _input;
    public FizzBuzz(int input) => _input = input;
    public string Result(){
    if (_input % 15 == 0) return "FizzBuzz";
    if (_input % 3 == 0) return "Fizz";
    if (_input % 5 == 0) return "Buzz";
    return _input.ToString();
    }
    }
    public class FizzBuzz{
    private readonly int _input;
    public FizzBuzz(int input) => _input = input;
    public string Result(){
    string result = null;
    if (_input % 3 == 0) result = "Fizz";
    if (_input % 5 == 0){
    if (result == null) result = "Buzz";
    else result += "Buzz";
    }
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(result)){
    result = _input.ToString();
    }
    return result;
    }
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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31. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    `if` Only As Guard Clause
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    Sustainable Code from Limited Branching; Smaller Methods; Encapsulated Behavior Decisions
    

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32. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    Isolate Their Code
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    

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33. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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34. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    //COUPLING
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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35. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    //COUPLING
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    //EXCEPTION
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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36. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    //COUPLING
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    //EXCEPTION
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    //EXCEPTION, COUPLING
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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37. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    //COUPLING
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    //EXCEPTION
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    //EXCEPTION, COUPLING
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    //IMPERATIVE
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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38. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    //COUPLING
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    //EXCEPTION
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    //EXCEPTION, COUPLING
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    //IMPERATIVE
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    //EXCEPTION
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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39. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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40. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    IHttpClientBookEnd httpClient = new HttpClientFacade();
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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41. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    IHttpClientBookEnd httpClient = new HttpClientFacade();
    IHttpResponseMessageBookEnd httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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42. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    IHttpClientBookEnd httpClient = new HttpClientFacade();
    IHttpResponseMessageBookEnd httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.ContentAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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43. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    IHttpResponseMessageBookEnd httpResponseMessage = await _httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.ContentAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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44. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    IHttpResponseMessageBookEnd httpResponseMessage = await _httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.ContentAsStringAsync();
    IParsedObject parsedObject = _parser.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = parsedObject.StringValue("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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45. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    IHttpResponseMessageBookEnd httpResponseMessage = await _httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    IParsedObject parsedObject = await httpResponseMessage.ParsedContent(_parser);
    string value = parsedObject.StringValue("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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46. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - 3rd Party
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = await httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    string readAsStringAsync = await httpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    JObject jsonContent = JObject.Parse(readAsStringAsync);
    string value = jsonContent.Value("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    public async Task NetworkCall(HttpRequestMessage r)
    {
    IHttpResponseMessageBookEnd httpResponseMessage = await _httpClient.SendAsync(r);
    IParsedObject parsedObject = await httpResponseMessage.ParsedContent(_parser);
    string value = parsedObject.StringValue("some_key");
    return value.Contains("expected_Value") ? "Success" : "Failure";
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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47. What Else?
    Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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48. Operating System
    Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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49. How?
    Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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50. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - How?
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    IHttpClientBookEnd httpClient = new HttpClientFacade();
    

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51. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - How?
    internal class HttpClientFacade : IHttpClientBookEnd
    {
    private static HttpClient _testClient;
    #if DEBUG
    public static void SetTestClient(HttpClient testClient) => _testClient = testClient;
    #endif
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
    public HttpClientFacade() : this(new HttpClient()) { }
    private HttpClientFacade(HttpClient httpClient) => _httpClient = httpClient;
    public async Task SendRequestAsync(HttpRequestMessage msg)
    => new HttpResponseMessageAdapter(await HttpClient().SendAsync(msg));
    private HttpClient HttpClient() => _testClient ?? _httpClient;
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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52. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - How?
    internal class HttpClientFacade : IHttpClientBookEnd
    {
    private static HttpClient _testClient;
    #if DEBUG
    public static void SetTestClient(HttpClient testClient) => _testClient = testClient;
    #endif
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
    public HttpClientFacade() : this(new HttpClient()) { }
    private HttpClientFacade(HttpClient httpClient) => _httpClient = httpClient;
    public async Task SendRequestAsync(HttpRequestMessage msg)
    => new HttpResponseMessageAdapter(await HttpClient().SendAsync(msg));
    private HttpClient HttpClient() => _testClient ?? _httpClient;
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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53. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - How?
    internal class HttpClientFacade : IHttpClientBookEnd
    {
    private static HttpClient _testClient;
    #if DEBUG
    public static void SetTestClient(HttpClient testClient) => _testClient = testClient;
    #endif
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
    public HttpClientFacade() : this(new HttpClient()) { }
    private HttpClientFacade(HttpClient httpClient) => _httpClient = httpClient;
    public async Task SendRequestAsync(HttpRequestMessage msg)
    => new HttpResponseMessageAdapter(await HttpClient().SendAsync(msg));
    private HttpClient HttpClient() => _testClient ?? _httpClient;
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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54. Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code - How?
    internal class HttpClientFacade : IHttpClientBookEnd
    {
    private static HttpClient _testClient;
    #if DEBUG
    public static void SetTestClient(HttpClient testClient) => _testClient = testClient;
    #endif
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
    public HttpClientFacade() : this(new HttpClient()) { }
    private HttpClientFacade(HttpClient httpClient) => _httpClient = httpClient;
    public async Task SendRequestAsync(HttpRequestMessage msg)
    => new HttpResponseMessageAdapter(await HttpClient().SendAsync(msg));
    private HttpClient HttpClient() => _testClient ?? _httpClient;
    }
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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55. User Interface
    Technical Practices - Isolate Their Code
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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56. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    Isolate Their Code
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    Sustainable Code from Full Testability; Narrow Scope of Change; Reduced Complexity
    

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57. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    

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58. Feature Parity in
    25% of the Dev Hours
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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59. THANK YOU!
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

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60. Sustainable Code through Technical Practices
    ● No Getters / No Setters
    ● `if` Only As Guard Clause
    ● Isolate Their Code
    ● Never `null`
    ● No `new` inline
    ● Composition, Not Inheritance
    ●
    ● Be Immutable
    ● No Primitives
    ● Extract Cohesion
    ● No Public Statics
    ● Never Reflection
    @TheQuinnGil QuinnGil.com
    

    View Slide