Introdução ao Perl 6

Conheça um pouco mais sobre Perl 6, uma linguagem de programação moderna, poderosa e robusta que permitirá que você escreva código de forma ágil e eficiente.

Transcript

1. Introdução ao Perl 6 @that_garu
2. Perl 6
3. Perl, reescrito pela própria comunidade.
4. Um novo Perl
5. mais moderno
6. mais amigável
7. mais poderoso
8. mais correto
9. mais seguro
10. Instalando
11. git clone https://github.com/tadzik/rakudobrew ~/.rakudobrew export PATH=~/.rakudobrew/bin:$PATH rakudobrew init rakudobrew build moar rakudobrew build-panda panda install Linenoise
12. Números
14. say 6
15. say 6 6
16. say 6.WHAT
17. say 6.WHAT (Int)
18. 6.0
19. 6.029e4
20. say 6.029e4.WHAT say 6.WHAT say 6.0.WHAT (Int) (Rat) (Num)
21. say 7/2
22. say 7/2 3.5
23. Ruby puts 7/2 Python 2 print 7/2 JavaScript console.log(7/2) C #include <stdio.h> int main (void) { printf(“%f”, 7/2); return 0; }
24. Ruby puts 7/2 3 Python 2 print 7/2 3 JavaScript console.log(7/2) 3.5 C WARNING: argument has type ‘int' 0.0000 #include <stdio.h> int main (void) { printf(“%f”, 7/2); return 0; }
25. Ruby puts 7/2 3 Python 2 print 7/2 3 JavaScript console.log(7/2) 3.5 C #include <stdio.h> int main (void) { printf(“%d”, 7/2); return 0; } 3
26. say .1 + .2 - .3
27. say .1 + .2 - .3 0
28. Ruby puts 0.1 + 0.2 - 0.3 Python 2 print .1 + .2 - .3 JavaScript console.log(.1 + .2 - .3) Perl 5 say .1 + .2 - .3
29. Ruby puts 0.1 + 0.2 - 0.3 5.551115123125783e-17 Python 2 print .1 + .2 - .3 5.55111512313e-17 JavaScript console.log(.1 + .2 - .3) Perl 5 5.551115123125783e-17 say .1 + .2 - .3 5.55111512312578e-17
30. say 7.2.numerator 36 say 7.2.denominator 5 say 7.2.nude (36 5) say 36/5 7.2
31. Números
33. say ೬.WHAT (Int)
34. say ೬ + 1 7
36. Strings
37. say “Alô, YAPC"
38. say 'Alô, YAPC'
39. say ňAlô, YAPCʼn
40. say q|Alô, YAPC|
41. say ‘YA’ ~ ‘PC’ YAPC
42. say uc(‘yapc’) YAPC
43. say ‘yapc’.uc YAPC
44. say “\c[DROMEDARY CAMEL]"
45. say ‘’
46. say ‘’.chars 1
47. ‘YAPC::BR’.ends-with(‘BR') True
48. Variáveis
49. my $var
50. say $var.WHAT (Any)
51. my Int $var
52. say $var.WHAT (Int)
53. my $resposta = 42
54. say $resposta.WHAT (Int)
55. my @paises = (
 ‘Brasil’,
 ‘Chile’
 );
56. my @paises =
 ‘Brasil’,
 ‘Chile’
 ;
57. my @paises = qw{Brasil Chile};
58. my @paises = <Brasil Chile>;
59. my @paises = <<
 Brasil
 Chile
 “Reino Unido"
 >>;
60. say @paises.elems 3
61. say @paises[0] Brasil
62. say @paises[*-1] Reino Unido
63. say @paises[^2] (Brasil Chile)
64. say 0...10 (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)
65. say 0,2...10 (0 2 4 6 8 10)
66. say 2, 4, 8...100 (2 4 8 16 32 64)
67. my @lazy = 2, 4, 8...*;
 say @lazy[20] 2097152
68. my @primes = grep { .is-prime }, 1..*;
 say @primes[^10] (2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29)
69. my @fib = 0, 1, * + * ... *;
 say @fib[^10] (0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34)
70. my %capitais = (
 ‘Brasil' => ‘Brasília',
 ‘Chile' => ‘Santiago’,
 );
71. my %capitais =
 ‘Brasil' => ‘Brasília',
 ‘Chile' => ‘Santiago’,
 ;
72. say %capitais.elems 2
73. say %capitais{‘Brasil'} Brasília
74. say %capitais<Brasil> Brasília
75. say %capitais< Brasil Chile > (Brasília Santiago)
76. %capitais<Brasil>:exists True
77. Condicionais
78. if / elsif / else / unless
 given - when
79. if ($x < 10) {
 ...
 }
80. if $x < 10 {
 ...
 }
81. if 5 < $x < 10 {
 ...
 }
82. say $x unless 5 < $x < 10
83. Laços
84. foreach
85. while ($x < 10) {
 ...
 }
86. while $x < 10 {
 ...
 }
87. until $x < 10 {
 ...
 }
88. while (1) {
 ...
 }
89. loop {
 ...
 }
90. loop (my $x = 0; $x < 10; $x++) {
 ...
 }
91. for @capitais -> $cidade {
 ...
 }
92. for ^10 -> $n1, $n2 {
 ...
 }
93. I/O
94. my $nome = prompt “nome:"
95. my $dados = slurp ‘arquivo.txt'
96. my @linhas = ‘arquivo.txt’.IO.lines
97. my $fh = open ‘arquivo.txt’;
 
 for $fh.lines -> $line {
 say $line if ~~ /abc/;
 }
98. spurt ‘arquivo.txt’, $dados
99. funções
100. sub oi ($nome) {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
101. sub oi (Str $nome) {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
102. sub oi (Str $nome = 'Anônimo') {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
103. sub oi (Str $nome where *.chars > 0) {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
104. subset NonEmptyStr of Str where *.chars > 0;
 
 sub oi (NonEmptyStr $nome) {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
105. subset NonEmptyStr of Str where *.chars > 0;
 
 sub oi (NonEmptyStr $nome) is cached {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
106. subset NonEmptyStr of Str where *.chars > 0;
 
 sub oi (NonEmptyStr $nome) returns Str {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
107. subset NonEmptyStr of Str where *.chars > 0;
 
 sub oi (NonEmptyStr $nome) is cached returns Str {
 return “oi, $nome!";
 }
108. sub dobra (Int $num) {
 return $num * 2;
 }
109. multi dobra (Int $num) {
 return $num * 2;
 }
110. multi dobra (Int $num) {
 return $num * 2;
 }
 
 multi dobra (Str $palavra) {
 return $palavra x 2;
 }
111. fizzbuzz
 sem condicionais?
112. sub fizzbuzz($n) {
 multi case($, $) { $n }
 multi case(0, $) { “fizz" }
 multi case($, 0) { “buzz" }
 multi case(0, 0) { "fizzbuzz" }
 
 case $n % 3, $n % 5;
 }
113. classes
114. class Point {
 has $.x = 0;
 has $.y = 0; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 }
 
 
 
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say $ponto.x; # 4
 say $ponto.y; # 7
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
115. class Point {
 has $.x = 0;
 has $.y = 0; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 method set (:$x = $.x, :$y = $.y) {
 $!x = $x; $!y = $y;
 }
 }
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
 $ponto.set( y => -1 );
 say “$ponto" # [4,-1]
116. class Point {
 has Real $.x = 0;
 has Real $.y = 0; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 method set (:$x = $.x, :$y = $.y) {
 $!x = $x; $!y = $y;
 }
 }
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
 $ponto.set( y => -1 );
 say “$ponto" # [4,-1]
117. class Point {
 has Real $.x is rw = 0;
 has Real $.y is rw = 0; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 }
 
 
 
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
 $ponto.y = -1;
 say “$ponto" # [4,-1]
118. class Point {
 subset Limitado of Real where -10 <= * <= 10;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = 0;
 has Limitado $.y is rw = 0; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 }
 
 
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
 $ponto.y = -1;
 say “$ponto" # [4,-1]
119. class Point {
 subset Limitado of Real where -10 .. 10;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = 0;
 has Limitado $.y is rw = 0; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 }
 
 
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
 $ponto.y = -1;
 say “$ponto" # [4,-1]
120. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = 0;
 has Limitado $.y is rw = 0; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 }
 
 
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
 $ponto.y = -1;
 say “$ponto" # [4,-1]
121. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required'; method Str { “[$.x,$.y]” }
 }
 
 
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 say “$ponto" # [4,7]
 $ponto.y = -1;
 say “$ponto" # [4,-1]
122. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 }
 
 
 my $ponto = Point.new(x => 4,y => 7);
 $ponto.y = -1;
 say $ponto.perl # Point.new(x => 4, y => -1)

123. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 package Point {
 use Carp;
 use overload '""' => \&Str, fallback => 1; 
 sub _pointlimit { my ( $class, $num ) = @_; unless ( $num >= -10 && $num <= 10 ) { croak "...";
 }
 }
 sub new {
 my ( $class, $x, $y ) = @_;
 my $self = bless { x => undef, y => undef } => $class;
 $self->x($x);
 $self->y($y);
 return $self; }
 sub x {
 my ( $self, $x ) = @_;
 $self->_pointlimit ($x);
 $self->{x} = $x; }
 sub y { 
 my ( $self, $y ) = @_;
 $self->_pointlimit ($y);
 $self->{y} = $y;
 }
 sub Str {
 my $self = shift;
 return sprintf "[%f,%f]" => $self->x, $self->y;
 }
 } Perl 5 (core)
124. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 package Point { use Moose; use overload '""' => \&Str, fallback => 1; use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints; subtype "PointLimit" => as 'Num' => where { $_ >= -10 && $_ <= 10 } => message { "$_ must be a Num between -10 and 10, inclusive" };
 has [qw/x y/] => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'PointLimit', required => 1, ); sub Str { my $self = shift; return sprintf "[%f,%f]" => $self->x, $self->y; }
 } Perl 5 (Moose)
125. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 #include <iostream> #include <sstream> class Point { double x_, y_; public: Point (double x, double y) : x_(constrain(x)), y_(constrain(y)) {} double x () const { return x_; } double y () const { return y_; } void x (double num) { x_ = constrain(num); } void y (double num) { y_ = constrain(num); } friend std::ostream & operator<< (std::ostream & stream, const Point & point) { stream << '[' << point.x() << ',' << point.y() << ']'; return stream; }
 private: 
 static double constrain (double num) {
 if (num < -10 || num > 10) {
 std::stringstream ss;
 ss << "'" << num << "' is not a real number between -10 and 10, inclusive";
 throw(ss.str());
 } return num;
 } }; C++
126. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 public class Point { private static final double X_MIN = -10.0, X_MAX = 10.0; private static final double Y_MIN = -10.0, Y_MAX = 10.0; private double x, y; public Point(double x, double y) throws IllegalArgumentException { setX(x); setY(y);
 } public double getX() { return x; } public double getY() { return y; } public void setX(double x) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (x < X_MIN || x > X_MAX) throw new IllegalArgumentException("..."); this.x = x; } public void setY(double y) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (y < Y_MIN || y > Y_MIN) throw new IllegalArgumentException("..."); this.y = y; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format("[%.1f,%.1f]", x, y); } } Java
127. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 class PointLimit: def __init__(self, name):
 self.name = name def __get__(self, point, owner): return point.__dict__.get(self.name) def __set__(self, point, value): if not -10 < value < 10: raise ValueError('Value %d is out of range' % value) point.__dict__[self.name] = value class Point: x = PointLimit('x'); y = PointLimit('y');
 def __init__(self, x, y): self.x = x self.y = y def __str__(self): return "[%f,%f]" % (self.x, self.y) Python 3
128. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 function definePointLimit(point, name) { Object.defineProperty(point, name, { set: function (value) { if (value < -10 || value > 10) throw 'Value ' + value + ' is out of range'; point['_' + name] = value; }, get: function () { return point['_' + name]; } });
 } function Point(x, y) { definePointLimit(this, 'x'); definePointLimit(this, 'y');
 this.x = x; 
 this.y = y;
 } Point.prototype.toString = function() { return '[' + this.x + ',' + this.y + ']'; } JavaScript
129. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 class Point POINT_RANGE = -10..10
 attr_constrained x: POINT_RANGE, y: POINT_RANGE
 def initialize @x = 0 @y = 0
 end def to_s "[#{x},#{y}]" end private def self.attr_constrained(attrs_and_constraints) attrs_and_constraints.each do |attr, constraint| attr_reader attr define_method(:"#{attr}=") do |value| raise "#{value} is not a valid value for #{attr}" \ unless constraint === value instance_variable_set :"@#{attr}", value end end
 end 
 end Ruby
130. class Point {
 subset Limitado where -10.0 .. 10.0;
 has Limitado $.x is rw = die ‘x is required';
 has Limitado $.y is rw = die ‘y is required';
 } Perl 6 package point import "fmt"
 import "errors" type Point struct {
 x, y float64 
 } func NewPoint(x, y float64) (*Point, error) {
 p := &Point{x, y}
 if !IsValid(x) {
 return nil, errors.New("Point x out of range!”)
 }
 if !IsValid(y) {
 return nil, errors.New("Point y out of range!”)
 }
 return p, nil
 } func IsValid(p float64) (result bool) {
 if p >= -10 && p <= 10 { 
 result = true
 } 
 return
 } func (p *Point) String() string {
 return fmt.Sprintf("[%v,%v]", p.x, p.y) 
 }
 func (p *Point) SetX(x float64) (float64, error) { 
 ox := p.x
 if !IsValid(x) {
 return ox, errors.New("Point out of range!")
 } 
 return ox, nil
 } func (p *Point) SetY(y float64) (float64, error) { oy := p.y 
 if !IsValid(y) {
 return oy, errors.New("Point out of range!")
 } 
 return oy, nil
 } 
 func (p *Point) GetX() float64 {
 return p.x 
 }
 func (p *Point) GetY() float64 { 
 return p.y
 } Go
131. CLI async gramáticas exceções MOP Native Calling junctions
132. docs.perl6.org
133. Obrigado! Dúvidas? @that_garu
134. Créditos e informações adicionais Carl Mäsak - fizzbuzz.p6:
 https://gist.github.com/masak/b9371625ad85cfe0faba Jonathan Worthington - Perl 6 hands-on tutorial http://jnthn.net/papers/2015-spw-perl6-course.pdf Curtis “Ovid" Poe - Perl 6 for mere mortals http://www.slideshare.net/Ovid/perl-6-for-mere-mortals