[Kseniia Shumelchyk] Bluetooth Low Energy and iBeacon development for Android

Presentation from GDG DevFest Ukraine 2015 - the biggest Google related event in the country. October 23-24, Lviv. Learn more at http://devfest.gdg.org.ua/

Transcript

1. Bluetooth Low Energy and iBeacon development for Android Kseniia Shumelchyk Software Engineer, Softserve Inc. Google Anita Borg 2015 Scholar Women Techmakers Ukraine Leader
2. #dfua iBeacons
3. #dfua iBeacon - iBeacon is a protocol standardised by Apple and introduced at the WWDC in 2013 - Based on top of BLE - BLE works starting from 4S on Apple - BLE works starting from 4.3 on Android
4. #dfua Internal structure
5. #dfua Typical Beacon usage
6. #dfua What is BLE? Bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth Smart) is a wireless personal area network technology aimed for novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries
7. #dfua What is BLE? - Not backward-compatible (with classic Bluetooth protocol) - Uses same radio frequencies - 2.4 GGZ - 1 Mbps (1-3 Mbps with regular bluetooth) - Embedded devices & wearables
8. #dfua Spec Technical Specification Classic Bluetooth technology Bluetooth Smart technology Distance/Range (theoretical max.) 100 m (330 ft) >100 m (>330 ft) Over the air data rate 1–3 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s Active slaves 7 Not defined; implementation dependent Minimum total time to send data 100 ms 3 ms Power consumption 1 W as the reference 0.01 to 0.5 W (depending on use case)
9. #dfua Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) - Client - A device that initiates GATT commands and requests, and accepts responses, for example a computer or smartphone - Server - A device that receives GATT commands and requests, and returns responses, for example a temperature sensor. - Characteristic - A data value transferred between client and server, for example the current battery voltage.
10. #dfua Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) - Service - A collection of related characteristics, which operate together to perform a particular function. For instance, the Health Thermometer service includes characteristics for a temperature measurement value, and a time interval between measurements. - Descriptor - A descriptor provides additional information about a characteristic. For instance, a temperature value characteristic may have an indication of its units (e.g. Celsius), and the maximum and minimum values which the sensor can measure.
11. #dfua GATT Operations - Discover UUIDs for all primary services - Find a service with a given UUID - Find secondary services for a given primary service - Discover all characteristics for a given service - Find characteristics matching a given UUID - Read all descriptors for a particular characteristic
12. Internals
13. #dfua Beacon’s Advertisement - Beacon advertises a data package called the Scan Response Data - This Data can be up to 31 bytes. - The scan response is divided into AD structures
14. #dfua Packet structure (1) Ad Structure 1 0x02 0x01 0x1A Remaining length AD Type Data 2 Flags Flag
15. #dfua Packet structure (2) Ad Structure 2 0x1B 0xFF 0xE0 0x00 0xBE 0xAC Remaining length AD Type Manufacturer ID Beacon prefix 27 Manufacturer specific 224 (Google)
16. #dfua Packet structure (2) Ad Structure 2 0x0C […] 0xBB 0x00 0x09 0x00 0x06 0xBA UUID (16 bytes) Major Minor TX Power 9 6 -70
17. #dfua Internals 02 01 06 1A FF 4C 00 02 15: prefix (fixed except for 3rd byte - flags) B9 40 7F 30 F5 F8 46 6E AF F9 25 55 6B 57 FE 6D: UUID 00 49: major 00 0A: minor C5: measured TX power
18. #dfua
19. #dfua Android - Built in support for Android 4.3+ - Central & peripheral roles - GATT server & GATT client - android.hardware.bluetooth_le feature
20. Android 4.3 & iBeacons
21. #dfua Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (1) <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> Check for permission <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/> Check for hardware
22. #dfua Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (2) ENTER FILENAME/LANG final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); Get the BluetoothAdapter if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); } 4. Enable Bluetooth
23. #dfua Android 4.3 for Beacons detection (3) private LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { … // Parsing beacon data }); } }; Define callback mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback); Start BLE scanning
24. Android 5+ & iBeacons
25. #dfua Android 5.0+ for Beacons detection - New api to work with BLE devices - Background scanning - Filtering possibility - SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER mode - SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY mode
26. #dfua LOW_POWER LOW_LATENCY Test duration 134 minutes 152 minutes Battery Level Change -13% -25% Battery Drain Rate 268mA 454mA Relative Battery Savings 41% -- Typical time between detections 4400 ms 100 ms http://developer.radiusnetworks.com/2014/10/28/android-5.0-scanning.html
27. #dfua Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (1) private void setScanFilter() { ScanFilter.Builder mBuilder = new ScanFilter.Builder(); ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(23); ByteBuffer mManufacturerDataMask = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020"); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); } for (int i=0; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerDataMask.put((byte)0x01); } mBuilder.setManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array(), mManufacturerDataMask.array()); mScanFilter = mBuilder.build(); } Creating filter for scanning
28. #dfua Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (2) ENTER FILENAME/LANG private void setScanSettings() { ScanSettings.Builder mBuilder = new ScanSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setReportDelay(0); mBuilder.setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER); mScanSettings = mBuilder.build(); } Setting scanner settings
29. #dfua Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (3) ENTER FILENAME/LANG protected ScanCallback mScanCallback = new ScanCallback() { @Override public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) { ScanRecord mScanRecord = result.getScanRecord(); int[] manufacturerData = mScanRecord.getManufacturerSpecificData(224); int mRssi = result.getRssi(); } } Setting up callback
30. #dfua Android 5.0 for Beacons detection (4) ENTER FILENAME/LANG mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(Arrays.asList(mScanFilter), mScanSettings, mScanCallback); Start scanning
31. Android iBeacon emitter
32. #dfua Android Beacon emitter - Works starting from 5.0 - Currently only Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and later models supported - BluetoothLeAdvertiser & AdvertiseData & AdvertiseSettings support classes - Different levels of transmitter power
33. #dfua Android iBeacon emitter (1) ENTER FILENAME/LANG protected void setAdvertiseData() { AdvertiseData.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder() ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020")); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); // Beacon Identifier mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); // Beacon Identifier for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); // adding the UUID } mManufacturerData.put(18, (byte)0x00); // first byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(19, (byte)0x09); // second byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(20, (byte)0x00); // first minor mManufacturerData.put(21, (byte)0x06); // second minor mManufacturerData.put(22, (byte)0xB5); // txPower mBuilder.addManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array()); mAdvertiseData = mBuilder.build(); } Setting emitter
34. #dfua Android iBeacon emitter (2) ENTER FILENAME/LANG protected void setAdvertiseSettings() { AdvertiseSettings.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_POWER); mBuilder.setConnectable(false); mBuilder.setTimeout(0); mBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_MEDIUM); mAdvertiseSettings = mBuilder.build(); } Setting up setting
35. #dfua Good to go, we can start advertising :) Good to go, we can start advertising :-D ENTER FILENAME/LANG mBluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(mAdvertiseSettings, mAdvertiseData, mAdvertiseCallback); Start advertising
36. Android Wear app example
37. #dfua
38. #dfua
39. #dfua Use cases - For runners (to remove cheating) - Shopping molls - Indoor navigation - Museums - Clinics - Hotels (check in & check out) - Apps for disabled people
40. Thank you! Questions? G+ KseniiaShumelchyk Fb Kseniya.Shumelchyk www www.dnipro.gdg.org.ua