UNIX, Linux, and Command Line Basics

UNIX, Linux, and Command Line Basics

Transcript

1. Starring
   Directed By
   Special
   Appearance
   Presented by
   With
   

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3. THE NAME OF THIS SPEAKER IS HENNING SCHWENTNER
   LIVE 45 MIN TALK
   

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5. !"#
   Kolleg:in gesucht
   (Deutschlandweit)
   

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6. 26.05.23 //// Seite 10
   WPS - Workplace Solutions GmbH
   WHY DO I CARE?
   § DevOps
   § Cloud
   § Docker/Containerization/Virtualization
   § It’s the 20ies—Even Microsoft <3 Linux
   § Op:
   § Servers are typically Linux + Java + (Tomcat) + DB
   § Start and stop Daemons
   § Dev:
   § Tools that help in your developer day
   

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7. @hschwentner
   History
   

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8. @hschwentner
   UNIX
   Foto: Dennis Hamilton/flickr/CC BY 2.0
   Ken
   Thompson
   Dennis
   Ritchie
   1969
   Bell Labs
   

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9. @hschwentner
   GNU
   Richard
   Stallman
   Free Software
   Foundation
   

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10. @hschwentner
    UNIX—Diversity
    Xenix
    

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11. @hschwentner
    Linux
    Linus Thorvalds
    1991
    

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12. @hschwentner
    Linux—Distributions
    

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13. @hschwentner
    Today: Unix Everywhere
    Windows Terminal
    WSL
    is Unix
    BSD-based
    

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14. 26.05.23 //// Seite 20
    WPS - Workplace Solutions GmbH
    § FHS
    § Static/ and Shared/Local Files
    § First Hierarchy
    § /
    § /bin, /sbin
    § /etc
    § /root, /home
    § /proc, /dev, /sys?, /mnt
    § Second Hierarchy
    § /usr, /var
    § /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/X11/bin
    § /var/tmp
    § /var/log
    § Local Hierarchy
    § /usr/local
    § Non-packaged tools vs. non-OS tools
    § Other tools
    § /opt
    THE FILESYSTEM TREE
    

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15. 26.05.23 //// Seite 21
    WPS - Workplace Solutions GmbH
    § root
    § groups
    § user
    § Rights:
    § user
    § group
    § world
    ROLES AND RIGHTS
    

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16. @hschwentner
    Terminal/
    Console/
    TTY/Shell
    

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17. @hschwentner
    In the old days
    mainframe
    (a.k.a. host)
    terminal
    terminal
    

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18. @hschwentner
    Terminal
    terminal (noun):
    a piece of hardware to
    interact with a computer
    

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19. @hschwentner
    Kinds of terminals
    console
    teleprinter,
    a.k.a teletype(writer),
    a.k.a. TTY
    video
    terminal
    (here: VT 100)
    for admins for users
    

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20. @hschwentner
    Terminal emulator
    terminal emulator (noun):
    a piece of software that
    emulates a terminal
    

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21. @hschwentner
    Terminal emulators
    Windows
    Terminal
    macOS
    Terminal
    Windows
    Console
    (conhost.exe)
    iTerm2
    XTerm
    Alacritty
    

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22. @hschwentner
    Terminal emulators II
    

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23. @hschwentner
    Shell
    shell (noun):
    A piece of software to
    interact with the kernel.
    Runs typically in a terminal.
    There are command-line
    shells and graphical shells.
    

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24. @hschwentner
    CLI shells
    C shell
    KornShell
    Bourne shell
    Command
    prompt
    PowerShell
    Fish
    

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25. @hschwentner
    Graphical shells
    

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26. @hschwentner
    UNIX on
    Windows
    

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27. @hschwentner
    On Windows
    

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28. @hschwentner
    Terminal/
    Console/
    TTY/Shell
    

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29. @hschwentner
    /home
    Command line
    $ -l
    ls
    prompt command
    

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30. @hschwentner
    /home
    Command = argument[]
    $ -l
    ls
    argument 0
    arg. 1
    arg. 2
    

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31. @hschwentner
    /home
    Anatomy of a command
    $ -l
    ls
    command
    option
    parameter
    

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32. @hschwentner
    Important commands
    • pwd
    • cd/pushd/popd
    • ls
    • mkdir/touch
    • rm
    • cat/tail/less
    • man
    • & bg/fg
    • . and ..
    • ls -la
    

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33. @hschwentner
    Typical options
    • - and --
    • -v --version
    • -h --help
    option (noun):
    An argument that starts
    with a dash. Several options
    can be put into one
    argument.
    

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34. @hschwentner
    Getting help
    • -h –help
    • man
    

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35. @hschwentner
    Path
    

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36. @hschwentner
    Tab completion
    

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37. @hschwentner
    PIPELINING
    • Unix commands are generally
    working on strings of characters
    • STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR
    • Pipes allow to connect the output of
    one command to connect to the
    input of another
    echo "Hello world" >
    hallo.txt
    2> <
    echo "Hallo world" | wc
    

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38. @hschwentner
    Installers
    • Debian family
    • Apt, apt-get, aptitude
    • deb/dpkg
    • snap
    • Redhat family
    • yum
    • rpm
    • Zypper
    • Alpine
    • apk
    • OS X
    • Homebrew, (MacPorts, Fink)
    • Windows
    • Cygwin
    • Chocolatey
    • Winget
    

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39. @hschwentner
    SED and GREP
    

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40. @hschwentner
    SCRIPTING
    • Shell scripts
    • Perl/Python & co.
    • Reg Ex
    • Scripting in Dockerfiles
    • Shebang:
    • #!/bin/sh
    • #!/usr/bin/env perl
    

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41. @hschwentner
    Command Line Java
    • java/javac
    • jshell
    • mvn/gradle
    

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42. We can
    do it,
    too!
    

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43. @hschwentner
    EXERCISE
    • On Windows 10: install Windows Terminal/Git Bash/Cygwin
    • Create directory learning-unix
    • Change into that directory
    • Create a file hello.txt
    • Change ownership and access of hello.txt
    • Make it executable
    

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46. Bibliography
    Nemeth, Evi, Garth Snyder, Trent R. Hein, Ben Whaley, and Dan Mackin. UNIX and Linux System Administrators
    Handbook. 5th ed. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2017.
    Raymond, Eric S. The Art of UNIX Programming. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2004.
    Hofer, Stefan and Henning Schwentner. Domain Storytelling: a Collaborative, Visual, and Agile Way to Develop Domain-
    Driven Software. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2022.
    

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48. Henning Schwentner
    ⌂ https://hschwentner.io
    @hschwentner
    hs@wps.de
    

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