Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology

Future-proofing communication-based train control architectures.
Migrating to new signalling systems without disrupting service.
Improving operational performance with automation.

Rail Digi Expo 2022, Global Rail Conclave, Crescendo Worldwide
May 4, 2022

Transcript

1. Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology Joffrey Lauthier Rail Digi Expo, Global Rail Conclave May 4th, 2022
2. Agenda Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology CBTC and interoperability CBTC system architectures Train-to-wayside communications Train localisation technologies CBTC migration strategies Conversion to driverless operations 2
3. Why CBTC? CAD/AVL Computer-aided dispatch / automatic vehicle location system low speed, drive on sight operations difficult to automate, sharing the right of way with road vehicles and pedestrians CBTC Communication-based train control high-frequency operations: designed for up to 60 trains / hour automation to enable high- frequency operation, including unattended train operation precision stopping at platform screen gates ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System ETCS Level 2 + ATO lower frequency suitable for fixed block operation, no more than 20 trains / hour automatic train operation performance still limited benefit from interoperability between suppliers Streetcar, tramway, light rail Automated people mover, monorail, metro, heavy rail Airport express railway, commuter rail 3
4. Interoperability of automatic train control systems ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System / Chinese Train Control System (CTCS) Designed for interoperability, deep network of suppliers PTC U.S. Positive Train Control Three competing systems: I-ETMS, ITCS, ACSES Limited number of suppliers CBTC Mostly proprietary designs and interfaces, suitable to closed systems 20+ suppliers worldwide 4
5. CBTC interoperability initiatives Open Control of Trains, Interchangeable & Integrated System (OCTYS) Approach: interchangeable subsystems Interoperability Interface Specifications (I2S) Full interoperability between three qualified suppliers I-CBTC deployed in various cities: Chongqing, Urumqi, Qingdao, Guiyang Standardized onboard-wayside interface wayside-wayside interface vehicle interface driver-machine interface wayside components and installation constraints electronic track map Siemens Alstom Hitachi Siemens ✓ ✓ Alstom ✓ Hitachi Wayside Onboard Siemens Thales Mitsubishi Siemens ✓ ✓ ✓ Thales ✓ ✓ ✓ Mitsubishi ✓ ✓ ✓ Wayside Onboard Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology 5
6. Architecture: distributed vs. centralized Signal equipment room Signal equipment room Central control center Central control center Central Control ATC/CBI Object Controller Object Controller Object Controller Object Controller ATC/CBI Central Control Object Controller Object Controller Object Controller ATC/CBI Object Controller reduced signalling equipment footprint, easier and faster to deploy – higher RAM performance in many cases 1 2 6
7. Train-centric intelligence Traditional Architecture Train control intelligence distributed between wayside equipment and the train Train-centric CBTC Train control intelligence within the train ✓ Less equipment ✓ Faster response ✓ Shorter headways Inter- locking Object Controller Central Control Zone Controller Central Control Object Controller Route requests Train movement Train location End of authority Blocks Overlaps Train movement Train location Track resource preemption 7
8. Software-defined train control Leveraging high-availability, low-latency wired and wireless IP communication networks Facilitates maintenance and future upgrades Cloud-based interlocking systems already in operation Inter- locking Object Controller Central Control Zone Controller Safety- critical cloud Onboard Controller Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology 8
9. Train-to-wayside communications New radio technologies meet the diverse data transmission requirements of rail systems train control – high availability, low latency, low throughput CCTV – high throughput, tolerant of transmission delays 9 Voice TETRA or P25 Train Control Wi-Fi #1 Passenger connectivity 5G mmWave and LTE PA/CIS + CCTV Wi-Fi #2 Vehicle diagnostics LTE Voice TETRA or P25 Train Control Passenger connectivity (and LTE) PA/CIS + CCTV Vehicle diagnostics Single Wi-Fi network common train-to-wayside communication infrastructure
10. Train localisation Traditionally o wheel sensors o relocation beacons o (maybe) doppler radar New options available o inertial measurement units o satellite navigation o radio ranging o LiDAR Improved train localisation o shorter headways o faster approach to stations o better stopping precision Reduced equipment on the wayside and on the train o faster installation o less maintenance o equipping the yellow fleet Common positioning infrastructure shared with other applications o worker protection o maintenance operations 10
11. Innovative train localisation Ultra-wideband radio ranging New York MTA pioneering the replacement of legacy transponders with UWB radio beacons on future CBTC modernization projects UWB ranging provides a precise distance between the train and beacons installed along the tracks Train precisely localized via triangulation 11
12. Train integrity End-of-train detection Modern electric multiple units: TCMS guarantees the integrity of the train consist Overhauled legacy rolling stock: new train backbone network ensures train integrity Work trains: unequipped wagons to be protected by two CBTC-equipped locomotives Unless a removable end-of-train device compatible with the CBTC system is installed Unitary rail vehicles to be fitted with a protection system compatible with CBTC 12 CBTC CBTC CBTC CBTC CBTC CBTC CBTC EOT
13. Migration strategies: CBTC overlay New CBTC system deployed on top of the existing legacy signalling – sharing only signals and switch machines Allows for testing the new CBTC in shadow running mode 1. train detection 2. train localisation 3. train-to-wayside communications 4. environmental conditions 5. reliability and availability 6. data configuration 7. train supervision Easier to overlay if no interference between components: Legacy ATC CBTC track circuits axle counters RFID transponders ultra-wideband (UWB) radios wheel sensors inertial measurement units (IMU) speed codes through track circuits free propagation Wi-Fi data communication 13
14. CBTC migration strategies Dual-equipped train in CBTC mode Dual-equipped train in legacy ATC mode Dual-equipped trackside in CBTC mode Dual-equipped trackside in legacy ATC mode Dual-equipped trackside with both legacy ATC mode and CBTC active Train running in legacy ATC mode Train running in CBTC mode Full switch Mixed operations from one independent ATC system to the other, and back trains can operate on either ATC system requires dual trackside equipment, segment fully-equipped requires dual trackside equipment dual onboard equipment, fleet fully-equipped but progressive replacement of the legacy onboard ATC simpler interface between the two signalling systems complex interface between the two signalling systems Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology 14
15. CBTC migration strategy: full switch for line extension Benefit no need to install legacy signalling on new extension 0 1 Deploy CBTC on the extension 2 Expand CBTC to the older line 4 Decommission legacy ATC Train running in legacy ATC mode New extension fitted with CBTC Dual-equipped train in CBTC mode Dual-equipped train in legacy ATC mode Legacy ATC removed, train running in CBTC mode Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology 15
16. CBTC migration strategy: mixed operations for new fleets Benefits no legacy ATC to install on the new fleet no CBTC to install on the old fleet if it is to be replaced 1 Overlay CBTC on top of legacy signalling 2 Introduce the new fleet in CBTC mode, keeping the old fleet with legacy ATC 3 Once the two fleets are equipped with CBTC, decommission the legacy ATC Old fleet running on legacy ATC Old fleet running on legacy ATC Trackside CBTC installation New fleet running in CBTC mode Dual-equipped trackside with both legacy ATC mode and CBTC active Dual-equipped old fleet running in CBTC mode Removing the legacy ATC trackside equipment Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology 16
17. Automation of metro operations Grade of Automation Train Operation Setting train in motion Driving and stopping train Door closure Operation in event of disruption GoA 1 ATP with Driver Driver Driver Driver Driver GoA 2 ATP and ATO with Driver Automatic Driver Driver GoA 3 Driverless (DTO) Automatic Automatic Attendant GoA 4 Unattended (UTO) Automatic Automatic Automatic Automatic IEC 62290-1 – railway applications – urban guided transport management and command/control systems ATP: Automatic Train Protection, ATO: Automatic Train Operation, DTO: Driverless Train Operation, UTO: Unattended Train Operation 17
18. Automation: converting to driverless train operations Successful conversion of Nuremberg in 2009 and Paris Line 1 in 2012. Conversion projects* in Europe: o Brussels, L1 and L5 o Copenhagen Fremtidens S-bane o Glasgow, G. Subway o London, Docklands and Piccadilly o Lyon, LA and LB o Marseille, L1 and L2 o Paris, L4 o Vienna, U2/U5 * from UITP Observatory of Automated Metros, Statistics Brief, April 2019. With the addition of Copenhagen Fremtidens S-bane (confirmed) and London Piccadilly Line (to be confirmed) Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology 18
19. Summary Modernising legacy signalling systems with CBTC technology Technology benefit from new sensors and edge computing capacity Architecture leverage high- availability wired and wireless networks Standards anticipate future procurements, system expansion Automation performance gains from higher level of automation Interfaces evolutions required from other rail systems: rolling stock, comms Migration deployment strategy to mitigate risk and impact on operations 19
20. Thank you Joffrey Lauthier Systems Technology Lead, Transit and Rail joffrey.lauthier@wsp.com wsp.com