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Maven: a forty five minute crash course
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justin j. moses
November 16, 2011
Technology
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1.5k
Maven: a forty five minute crash course
A look at how Maven, the Java project management tool, operates.
justin j. moses
November 16, 2011
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Transcript
MAV EN a forty five minute crash course
1. definition
Maven is a build automation tool.
It’s built in Java and lives under the Apache umbrella,
(∴ still new to Flex developers)
it promotes convention over configuration
and, it is hierarchical.
Everything builds via a Project Object Model (POM): aka the
blueprint.
A build generates one or more artifacts. (Typically one artifact
per POM)
Artifacts are classified by groupId, artifactId, packaging (type) and version.
Versions stamped with SNAPSHOT are treated as such.
Artifacts are filed away in repositories using: /[groupId]/[artifactId]/[version]/[artifactId]-[version].[ext] eg. /org/sonatype/flexmojos/4.0-SNAPSHOT/flexmojos-4.0-SNAPSHOT.swc
2. building
A goal is a single action.
A phase is a collection of goals. [M:M]
A lifecycle is a sequence of phases (upto & including).
The odd couple: clean & install. > mvn clean install
The packaging (JAR, SWC, etc) typically defines the goals within
each phase.
In general, the default lifecycle involves the following phases: ▪
validate ▪ compile ▪ test ▪ package ▪ integration-test ▪ verify ▪ install ▪ deploy
In addition, plugins provide goals and can bind them to
phases. eg. > mvn compiler:compile compiler:testCompile
Plugins include compiler, install, scm, release, javadoc, eclipse, etc.
3. dependencies
Dependencies are hosted in repositories.
Each install of Maven has a repository. (~/.m2 is your
new best friend).
In order to add new dependencies to your repository, you
can simply > mvn install:install-file
You add references to repositories either in your POM or
in your settings.xml file.
When building, if a dependency is missing, Maven will try
to download it from an upstream repository.
How are dependencies shared across repositories? Nexus.
Nexus allows an organisation to share artifacts both internally and
externally.
It has out-of-the-box support for both snapshot and release repositories.
So, what about dependencies on teh internez?
Nexus will proxy to other external Nexus repositories.
If the dependency isn’t hosted - there’s a 3rd Party
repo that you can upload into.
4. configuration
In order to build multiple artifacts, create modules for each
artifact and one parent POM.
Maven can also create IDE projects from the POM. (never
check in a .project file or dependency again)
It also allows you to create archetypes as new project
templates.
You can use profiles to customize the build. They can
activate based on environment &/or set conditions.
5. denouement
Maven can be hours of endless frustration, yet somehow it’s
all worth it.
fin.