in arid environments • requires more frequent watering • not self-sustaining • can be a ff ected by room temperature • requires plants that thrive in tropical environments • requires less frequent watering • self-sustaining, requires low maintenance • can maintain a stable temperature
in 1842 • Accidental discovery while studying moth behaviour in a sealed glass jar • A fern seedling in the jar grew into a plant • Named it the Wardian Case, later used to transport native plants across countries and continents Origin and History
Soil/Substrate Activated charcoal Mesh Screen Small pebbles/stones Lava Rock Perlite LECA balls Aerate Soil, drain water, avoid root rot Prevent mixing of soil and drainage layers Provide nutrient rich medium for plant growth
moist environments • Compact, won’t grow too long • Low to moderate light requirement • Low nutrient requirement • Non-invasive, can coexist with other plants
• Break down dead plant matter • Mold, Fungal spores, Algae is what they live for • Their waste adds nutrients to soil • Recommended for long-term maintenance