ᶃ X → Y ᶄ X ← Y ᶅ Z → X ͔ͭ Z → Y ᶆ ϚάϨ X Y XͳΒY ʢX͕YΛҾ͖ى͜͢ҼՌ͕ؔ͋Δʣ X Y YͳΒX ʢҼՌ͕ؔٯʣ X Y ަབྷҼࢠZ͕XͱYͷ૬ؔؔΛ࡞Δ ʢXͱYͷؒʹҼՌؔͳ͍ʣ Z X Y จࣈ௨ΓϚάϨ ʢXͱYͷؒʹҼՌؔͳ͍ʣ ʁ
ᶃ X → YʢػೳAͷར༻্͕͕ΕϢʔβʔͷܧଓ্͕͕Δʣ ػೳA͕ϢʔβʔʹͱͬͯՁ͕͋ΔػೳͳͷͰɺػೳAΛ͏ͨΊʹ ΞϓϦΛىಈ͢ΔϢʔβʔ͕૿͑ɺϢʔβʔͷܧଓ͕૿Ճ͢Δɻ ʢԾઆʣ ᶃ X → Y X Y XͳΒY ʢX͕YΛҾ͖ى͜͢ҼՌ͕ؔ͋Δʣ XɿػೳAͷར༻͕ߴ͍ YɿϢʔβʔͷܧଓ͕ߴ͍
ΞϓϦࣗମͷҙ͕ߴ͍ͱɺػೳAΛར༻ͯ͠ΈΑ͏ͱࢥ͏Ϣʔβʔ ͕ଟ͘ͳΔͨΊɺػೳAͷར༻ߴ͘ͳΔɻ ΞϓϦࣗମͷҙ͕ߴ͍ͱɺΞϓϦΛར༻͠Α͏ͱࢥ͏Ϣʔβʔ͕ ଟ͘ͳΔͨΊɺϢʔβʔͷܧଓ͕ߴ͘ͳΔɻ ʢԾઆʣ ᶅ Z → X ͔ͭ Z → Y ᶅ Z → X ͔ͭ Z → Y X Y ަབྷҼࢠZ͕XͱYͷ૬ؔؔΛ࡞Δ ʢXͱYͷؒʹҼՌؔͳ͍ʣ Z XɿػೳAͷར༻͕ߴ͍ YɿϢʔβʔͷܧଓ͕ߴ͍ ZɿΞϓϦࣗମͷҙ͕ߴ͍ ʢΞϓϦࣗମͷҙ͕ߴ͍ͱػೳAͷܧଓ͕ߴ͍ͭɺ ɹΞϓϦࣗମͷҙ͕ߴ͍ͱϢʔβʔͷܧଓ͕ߴ͍ʣ
ᶃ X → Y ᶄ X ← Y ᶅ Z → X ͔ͭ Z → Y ᶆ ϚάϨ XͱYͷؒʹ૬͕ؔؔݟΒΕͨ࣌ɺXͱYͷ͕ؔᶃʙᶆͷͲΕͳͷ͔ σʔλ͔Βશ͘ผ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ YΛૢ࡞͢ΔతͰXʹհೖ͢ΔࢪࡦΛߦ͏߹ɺXͱYͷ͕ؔᶄʙᶆͷ߹ YʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷͰɺશ͘ޮՌ͕ͳ͍ࢪࡦΛߦ͏͜ͱʹͳΔ ࢪࡦΛߦ͏લʹXͱYͷ͕ؔᶃͰ͋Δ͔ Ͳ͏͔Λௐͳ͚ΕͳΒͳ͍
ᶅ Z → X ͔ͭ Z → Y X Y ަབྷҼࢠZ͕XͱYͷ૬ؔؔΛ࡞Δ ʢXͱYͷؒʹҼՌؔͳ͍ʣ Z XɿػೳAͷར༻͕ߴ͍ YɿϢʔβʔͷܧଓ͕ߴ͍ Zɿʁ ʁ ʢέʔεελσΟʣ XͱYͷؒʹ૬͕ؔؔݟΒΕͨ͜ͱ͔ΒX→YͷҼՌ͕ؔ͋ΔͱԾఆ ͠ɺRCTΛߦͬͯΈͨͱ͜ΖɺX→YͷҼՌ͕ؔ͋Δͱݴ͑ͳ͍͜ ͱ͕໌ͨ͠ɻ ͦ͜ͰYʹ࡞༻͢ΔަབྷҼࢠZͷଘࡏΛԾఆ͠ɺZ͕ԿͰ͋Δ͔ΛN+1Π ϯλϏϡʔʹΑΓਪଌ͢Δ͜ͱʹͨ͠ɻ
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