イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology

2023年2月22日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミーにて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Chief Science Officer / ks91@blockchainhub.co.jp — — 2023-02-22 – p.1/24
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 — — 2023-02-22 – p.2/24
3. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 22 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2022.3 2023 AI VR 2023.2-3 “POWER TO THE PEOPLE” → ( ) — — 2023-02-22 – p.3/24
4. (EVM) — — 2023-02-22 – p.4/24
5. Ethereum Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” (Dec. 2013∼) 15 → 12 (= ) = = ( ) CPU ⇒ DApps DApps = / — — 2023-02-22 – p.5/24
6. = ( ) run = → — — 2023-02-22 – p.6/24
7. Ether (ETH) Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ← Ether ( ) EVM EVM = Ethereum = — — 2023-02-22 – p.7/24
8. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine ( ) Gas ( EVM = ( burn)) → — — 2023-02-22 – p.8/24
9. Ethereum Frontier (2015) Homestead (2016) Metropolis Byzantium (2017) zk-SNARKs ( ) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople + St.Petersburg (2019) (for 2nd Layer) Proof of Stake Istanbul (2019) Zcash zk-SNARKs/STARKs Serenity(?) Muir Glacier, Staking deposit contract, Beacon Chain genesis (2020) Berlin, London ( burn ), Altair, Arrow Glacier (2021) Gray Glacier (Glacier ), Bellatrix, Paris The Merge (2022) ← — — 2023-02-22 – p.9/24
10. Ethereum — — 2023-02-22 – p.10/24
11. ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) : : — — 2023-02-22 – p.11/24
12. Ethereum ( ) ⇒ (The Merge; ) ( ) ⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ( ) ⇒ — — 2023-02-22 – p.12/24
13. Ethereum Proof of Work + (1.0) Proof of Stake + (2.0) — — 2023-02-22 – p.13/24
14. Bitcoin SHA-256 × SHA-256 ( /TX ) SHA-256 × RIPEMD-160 ( = ) (1 ) . . . Litecoin scrypt ( ) Ethereum Ethash (Dagger-Hashimoto ) (Proof of Work) ( ← ) DAG : Directed Acyclic Graph ( ) https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining-algorithms/ethash/ Keccak-256 (≈SHA-3) ( ) (Ethash ) — — 2023-02-22 – p.14/24
15. Merkle Bitcoin Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 Merkle root TX ( ) TX Ethereum TX TX 3 Merkle root TX Gas — — 2023-02-22 – p.15/24
16. IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3BEJY@USFF key OK PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded In Alphanumeric) Trie ( ) trie = retrieval ( ) (key, value) RLP (recursive length prefix encoding) Ethereum (key, value) — — 2023-02-22 – p.16/24
17. Ethereum Proof of Stake The Merge — — 2023-02-22 – p.17/24
18. Proof of Stake ( ) ( ) ( ) → ( ) ← Nothing at Stake : Ethereum ← : ( ) ( ) ETH — — 2023-02-22 – p.18/24
19. The Merge (32ETH) ( ) (12 ) (32 ) 1 ← ← ← ETH 2 3 · 2 ( ) · 1 ( ) (finalize) 5 ⇒ (( ) ) (LMD-GHOST) ( ) → — — 2023-02-22 – p.19/24
20. ( ) PoS PoW PoS — — 2023-02-22 – p.20/24
21. (Bitcoin ) A-B — — 2023-02-22 – p.21/24
22. µRaiden Raiden Network Rollups Plasma — — 2023-02-22 – p.22/24
23. Ethereum 2.0 Staking ← Beacon Chain PoS Ethereum 1.0 Ethereum PoW Ethereum PoS ( ) ( ) (Beacon Chain ) 64 ( ) (EVM → eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly)) — — 2023-02-22 – p.23/24
24. — — 2023-02-22 – p.24/24