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イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology
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Kenji Saito
PRO
March 17, 2021
Technology
1
150
イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology
2021年3月17日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミー「イーサリアムの技術」にて使用したスライドです。
Kenji Saito
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March 17, 2021
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Transcript
Chief Science Officer / ks91@blockchainhub.co.jp — — 2021-03-17 – p.1/29
https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 — — 2021-03-17 – p.2/29
( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993
( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 20 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) ( 2019 9 ) 2011 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 → ( ) — — 2021-03-17 – p.3/29
(EVM) — — 2021-03-17 – p.4/29
Ethereum Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART
CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” (Dec. 2013∼) 15 (= ) = = ( ) CPU ⇒ DApps DApps = / — — 2021-03-17 – p.5/29
= ( ) run = → — — 2021-03-17 –
p.6/29
Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account ( ) ( )
Ether ( ) EVM EVM = Ethereum = — — 2021-03-17 – p.7/29
EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas ( EVM = )
→ — — 2021-03-17 – p.8/29
Ethereum Frontier (2015) Homestead (2016) Metropolis Byzantium (2017) zk-SNARKs (
) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople + St.Petersburg (2019) (for 2nd Layer) Proof of Stake Istanbul (2019) Zcash zk-SNARKs/STARKs Serenity Ethereum 2.0 phase 0 (2020∼) ← — — 2021-03-17 – p.9/29
Ethereum — — 2021-03-17 – p.10/29
( ) ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) : : — — 2021-03-17 – p.11/29
Ethereum ( ) ⇒ (Casper; ) ( ) ⇒ ZoE
(Zcash on Ethereum) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ( ) ⇒ — — 2021-03-17 – p.12/29
Ethereum Proof of Work + Proof of Stake + Ethereum
1.0 — — 2021-03-17 – p.13/29
SHA-256 × SHA-256 ( /TX ) SHA-256 × RIPEMD-160 (
= ) (1 ) . . . scrypt ( ) Ethereum Ethash (Dagger-Hashimoto ) (Proof of Work) DAG : Directed Acyclic Graph ( ) https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethash Keccak-256 (≈SHA-3) ( ) (Ethash ) — — 2021-03-17 – p.14/29
GHOST (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree) ⇒ GHOST ( ) “uncles”
proof of work ( ) uncle Ethereum uncles 7 GHOST uncle gender-neutral ommer — — 2021-03-17 – p.15/29
Merkle Bitcoin Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 Merkle root TX
( ) TX Ethereum TX TX 3 Merkle root TX Gas — — 2021-03-17 – p.16/29
IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3BEJY@USFF key OK PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded
In Alphanumeric) Trie ( ) trie = retrieval ( ) (key, value) RLP (recursive length prefix encoding) Ethereum (key, value) — — 2021-03-17 – p.17/29
Ethereum Proof of Stake Casper — — 2021-03-17 – p.18/29
Proof of Stake ( ) ( ) ( ) →
( ) Ethereum — — 2021-03-17 – p.19/29
Nothing at Stake - = — — 2021-03-17 – p.20/29
Nothing at Stake - 100% Proof of Stake — —
2021-03-17 – p.21/29
Casper : Ethereum Nothing at Stake (Slasher) stake 100 ⇒
(( ) ) ( ) → — — 2021-03-17 – p.22/29
Ethereum 2.0 Phase 0 Beacon Chain Beacon Contract 32 ETH
32 ETH2 1 10% ETH2 ETH2 ETH Beacon Contract — — 2021-03-17 – p.23/29
PoS . . . PoW ( ) ( ) (
) — — 2021-03-17 – p.24/29
( ) PoS PoW PoS — — 2021-03-17 – p.25/29
(Bitcoin ) A-B — — 2021-03-17 – p.26/29
µRaiden Raiden Network Plasma — — 2021-03-17 – p.27/29
Ethereum 2.0 Phase 0 ← Beacon Chain Phase 1 (
) ( ) (Beacon Chain ) 64 Phase 1.5 ( ) 1.0 (PoW) 2.0 (PoS) Phase 2 ← Polkadot EVM → eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly) Ethereum 1.0 EVM eWASM (2022 ) — — 2021-03-17 – p.28/29
— — 2021-03-17 – p.29/29