SPAAAAAAAAACE

Let's learn us a space exploration! In this talk, Brad will wax poetic on the particulars of getting into space, getting around in space, and getting things done in space. PID controllers, orbital insertion, and how rockets work by smashing molecules together. There may or may not be any math, programming, or vacuum-induced hypoxia in this talk.

Transcript

2. Carl Sagan Pale Blue Dot Photo in public domain via Wikimedia Commons
3. Photos in public domain via Wikimedia Commons
4. Photos in public domain via Wikimedia Commons Charlie Duke photo courtesy of charlieduke.net
5. Apollo Guidance Computer Compared to iPhone 5S: • 284 times heavier • 2600 times slower (Hz) • 17 million times less memory Photo in public domain via Wikimedia Commons
6. image credit: imgur.com/Cuwy6wZ
7. YO HACKED
8. image courtesy: kickstarter.com image courtesy: louxfamilyblog.com
9. image courtesy: mic.com image courtesy: atlantablackstar.com
10. Boeing Lockheed Martin United Space Alliance SpaceX Bigelow Aerospace Armadillo Aerospace Hamilton Sundstrand
11. Brad Grzesiak CEO, Bendyworks @listrophy
12. A Fire Upon the Deep Ashes of Victory At All Costs Earth Unaware Echoes of Honor Ender’s Game Children of the Mind Ender’s Shadow First Meetings Flag in Exile Honor Among Enemies Field of Dishonor An Incomplete List In Enemy Hands Mission of Honor On Basilisk Station Shadow Puppets Shadow of the Giant Shadow of the Hegemon Red Mars Speaker for the Dead The Short Victorious War War of Honor Wool The Honor of the Queen
13. Pre-Bendyworks Photos courtesy NASA & Michael Fidler
14. Launch Orbit Landing
15. “Rocket Science”
16. Launch
17. Orbital Requirements • 1 Large Body, 1 Small Body • Circumferential Velocity • Only Gravity • No Intersection
18. Let’s Do a Physics!
19. Photo in public domain via Wikimedia Commons
20. Portland Seattle 2.1º
21. Portland → Seattle • 145 miles • 30 seconds • >17,000 mph
22. Kinetic Energy Ek = ½ m v2 Ek / kg = ½ (17,000 mph)2 Ek / kg = 29.6 MJ
23. Potential Energy Ep = mgh Ep / kg = (9.81 m/s2)(330 km) Ep / kg = 3.2 MJ
24. Kinetic (speed) vs. Potential (height) Speed = 29.6 MJ Height = 3.2 MJ
25. Equatorial Surface Speed • 1,040 mph • With help: 16,000 mph • Without help: 17,000 mph • Savings: ~5.4%
26. Conservation of Momentum
27. Momentum # p = mv! ! def momentum(grams, meters_per_second)! grams * meters_per_second! end
28. Conservation of Momentum def system_momentum(objects)! objects.reduce(0) do |sum, (mass, velocity)|! sum + momentum(mass, velocity)! end! end! ! ! assert_equal \! system_momentum([[100 , 0 ], [100_000 , 0 ]]),! system_momentum([[100 , -10 ], [100_000 , 0.01 ]])! # g m/s g m/s
29. Conservation of Momentum def system_momentum(objects)! objects.reduce(0) do |sum, (mass, velocity)|! sum + momentum(mass, velocity)! end! end! ! K = 1_000! assert_equal \! system_momentum([[100*K, 0*K], [100_000*K, 0*K ]]),! system_momentum([[100*K, -10*K], [100_000*K, 0.01*K]])! # kg km/s kg km/s (modified for rocketry)
30. One Weird Trick!
31. Converging-Diverging Nozzle choke SPEED! LIMIT 1 MACH Mach! 13 High Pressure
32. Orbit
33. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
34. Kepler’s First Law Diagrams will not be to scale
35. Eccentricity def type_of_trajectory(e)! case e! when 0.0 then :circle! when 0.0...1.0 then :ellipse! when 1.0 then :parabola! else :hyperbola! end! end
36. Eccentricities Eccentricities = {! earth: 0.0167,! venus: 0.0067,! neptune: 0.00868,! # ...! }
37. Orbital Points of Interest peri- apo- Closest Farthest Earth Perigee Apogee Sun Perihelion Aphelion Any Periapsis Apoapsis
38. Kepler’s Second Law Fastest Slowest
39. Kepler’s Third Law # P₁² P₂²! # --- = ---! # a₁³ a₂³! ! def solar_period(distance_in_au)! Math.sqrt(! 365.26**2 / # earth's period! 1**3 * # earth's distance in AU! distance_in_au**3! )! end
40. Orbital Periods Distance (AU) Duration (days) Earth 1.0 365.26 Venus 0.73 (-27%) 226.5 (-38%) Mars 1.52 (+52%) 686.7 (+88%)
41. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion 1. Orbits are elliptical 2. Faster when closer; Slower when farther 3. Big orbits take longer
42. Trip to Mars
43. 29.8 km/s 32.7 km/s Leaving Earth
44. Arriving at Mars 21.5 km/s 24.1 km/s Trip Length: 8.5 months
45. Hohmann Transfer Orbit
46. Landing
47. Landing • Moon • Mars • Earth (return trip)
48. Earth Mars →
49. Aerobraking • Distance so far: 364 million miles • Aerobraking window: <100 miles?
50. Parachutes
51. Retrorockets
52. Sky Crane
53. Kerbal Space Program
54. Telemachus
55. require 'excon'! require 'kuby'! ! link = Kuby::Link.new! link.connect! or fail 'Could not connect'! ! link.throttle_full! link.toggle_sas! ! link.stage! and sleep 2! ! prev_err = error =! integral = derivative = 0.0! ! prev_time = link.mission_time gitlab.com/listrophy/spaaaaaaaaace
56. loop do! cur_time = link.mission_time! dt = cur_time - prev_time! error = 150.0 - link.altitude! integral = integral + error * dt! derivative = (error - prev_err)/dt! ! kp, ki, kd = 0.1, 0.003, 0.08! new_throttle = (kp*error + ki*integral + kd*derivative)! ! new_throttle = 1.0 if new_throttle > 1.0! new_throttle = 0.0 if new_throttle < 0.0! ! link.set_throttle new_throttle! ! prev_err, prev_time = error, cur_time! sleep 0.2! end gitlab.com/listrophy/spaaaaaaaaace
57. Throttle → Height • Force = mass * acceleration • ∫ acceleration dt = velocity • ∫ velocity dt = height
58. loop do! cur_time = link.mission_time! dt = cur_time - prev_time! error = 150.0 - link.altitude! integral = integral + error * dt! derivative = (error - prev_err)/dt! ! kp, ki, kd = 0.1, 0.003, 0.08! new_throttle = (kp*error + ki*integral + kd*derivative)! ! new_throttle = 1.0 if new_throttle > 1.0! new_throttle = 0.0 if new_throttle < 0.0! ! link.set_throttle new_throttle! ! prev_err, prev_time = error, cur_time! sleep 0.2! end gitlab.com/listrophy/spaaaaaaaaace
59. Live Demo
60. Launch, Orbit, Landing Nuclear Pulse Propulsion
61. Photo in public domain via Wikimedia Commons
62. Thank You @listrophy @bendyworks