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Marc Salomon

Marketing OGZ
September 22, 2022
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Marc Salomon

Marketing OGZ

September 22, 2022
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Transcript

  1. About the good and the bad things of [AI] Algorithms

    and the European AI Act Marc Salomon, Professor of Decision Science, University of Amsterdam
  2. 1 WHITE BOX MODELS (= explain what happens reasonably well)

    BLACK BOX MODELS (= difficult to explain) Decision tree Linear regression Neural network This talk is about “the good” and “the bad” of algorithms
  3. 2 What is the fear ? That we use (AI)

    algorithms that make decisions - intentionally or not - with far-reaching social, health, security and / or financial consequences
  4. 3

  5. 4 OMG, this does not happen here, …. Dutch childcare

    tax benefit affair. Algorithms determine who gets on the blacklist of the tax authorities and may run into big financial problems
  6. 5 Harm to our democratic system – Cambridge Analytica •

    Floating voters were identified using Facebook data • They were presented information (via Facebook and other channels) in favour of voting Trump
  7. 7 But, …., there is also another fear to take

    very seriously Harm due to not using AI, for instance to save lives, because they can not be developed due to some laws
  8. 8 A difficult balance Forbidding “the good” (= too strict

    rules) Continuing with “the bad” (= too loose rules)
  9. 9 Extra complication in the discussion on algorithms: different people/cultures/ethical

    schools have different perspectives on “good” and “bad” (“good” and “bad” are subjective)
  10. 13 Different “schools” in ethics think differently Utilitarian approach: The

    greatest benefit to the greatest group. The Fairness of Justice Approach: All people should be treated the same Many other ethical schools…. Source: https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/thinking-ethically/
  11. 14 How to deal with this ? Different ethical schools

    Different applicable laws Technical limitations (math, CS, audit)
  12. 15 Mathematical limitations Explainability (= how good could we explain

    the outcome of the algorithm to people) Quality of outcome of the algorithm
  13. 22 Hurdles with the European Act 1. Many concepts are

    very subjective. Not all rational thinkers would describe “harmful discrimination” in the same way
  14. 23 Hurdles with the European Act 1. Many concepts are

    very subjective. Not all rational thinkers would describe “harmful discrimination” in the same way 2. Translation of the legal text into mathematics is difficult. Different mathematical concepts to describe harmful discrimination.
  15. 24 Hurdles with the European Act 1. Many concepts are

    very subjective. Not all rational thinkers would describe “harmful discrimination” in the same way 2. Translation of the legal text into mathematics is difficult. Different mathematical concepts to describe harmful discrimination. 3. Monitoring / auditing concepts, including XAI, still not in mature stage.
  16. 25 Hurdles with the European Act 1. Many concepts are

    very subjective. Not all rational thinkers would describe “harmful discrimination” in the same way 2. Translation of the legal text into mathematics is difficult. Different mathematical concepts to describe harmful discrimination. 3. Monitoring / auditing concepts, including XAI, still not in mature stage. 4. Algorithms have very positive contributions: how to keep them ?
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  23. 36 What are your thoughts on trustworthy AI ? Marc

    Salomon, Professor of Decision Science Program Director MBA Big Data & Business Analytics University of Amsterdam [email protected] www.linkedin.com/in/marcsalomon