Distributed RSpec

Distributed RSpec
Kenta Murata@COOKPAD
Sunday, September 16, 12

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Self-introduction

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Photo by Masahiro Ihara

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Photo by Masahiro Ihara
Kenta Murata
@mrkn
COOKPAD Inc.
Development Infrastructure Engineer
CRuby committer
bigdecimal support
Asakusa.rb
RubySapporo
RailsGirlsTokyo (coach)

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My responsibilities in
COOKPAD
• Testing environment
• CI environment
• Ruby and Rails version up

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Dev-infra team
Boss Full-time Part-time

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Distributed RSpec
Kenta Murata@COOKPAD

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Monthly visitors are over 20M
Recipes are over 1,200k

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$ ree_be rake stats
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Name | Lines | LOC | Classes | Methods | M/C | LOC/M |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Controllers | 16708 | 13381 | 154 | 1153 | 7 | 9 |
| Helpers | 6228 | 5179 | 0 | 508 | 0 | 8 |
| Models | 38665 | 30777 | 861 | 3248 | 3 | 7 |
| Libraries | 29363 | 23740 | 238 | 2189 | 9 | 8 |
| Functional tests | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unit tests | 72 | 54 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Integration specs | 21207 | 17381 | 2 | 83 | 41 | 207 |
| Chanko specs | 15700 | 13030 | 1 | 103 | 103 | 124 |
| Model specs | 22247 | 18297 | 3 | 35 | 11 | 520 |
| Controller specs | 17061 | 14080 | 6 | 49 | 8 | 285 |
| Helper specs | 588 | 507 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Routing specs | 128 | 102 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Total | 167976 | 136535 | 1277 | 7369 | 5 | 16 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
Code LOC: 73077 Test LOC: 63458 Code to Test Ratio: 1:0.9

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$ ree_be rake stats
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Controllers | 16708 | 13381 | 154 | 1153 | 7 | 9 |
| Helpers | 6228 | 5179 | 0 | 508 | 0 | 8 |
| Models | 38665 | 30777 | 861 | 3248 | 3 | 7 |
| Libraries | 29363 | 23740 | 238 | 2189 | 9 | 8 |
| Unit tests | 72 | 54 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chanko specs | 15700 | 13030 | 1 | 103 | 103 | 124 |
| Model specs | 22247 | 18297 | 3 | 35 | 11 | 520 |
| Helper specs | 588 | 507 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Routing specs | 128 | 102 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Total | 167976 | 136535 | 1277 | 7369 | 5 | 16 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
861 Models

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$ ree_be rake stats
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Controllers | 16708 | 13381 | 154 | 1153 | 7 | 9 |
| Helpers | 6228 | 5179 | 0 | 508 | 0 | 8 |
| Models | 38665 | 30777 | 861 | 3248 | 3 | 7 |
| Libraries | 29363 | 23740 | 238 | 2189 | 9 | 8 |
| Unit tests | 72 | 54 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chanko specs | 15700 | 13030 | 1 | 103 | 103 | 124 |
| Model specs | 22247 | 18297 | 3 | 35 | 11 | 520 |
| Helper specs | 588 | 507 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Routing specs | 128 | 102 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Total | 167976 | 136535 | 1277 | 7369 | 5 | 16 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
17381 Integration spec LOC

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$ ree_be rake stats
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Controllers | 16708 | 13381 | 154 | 1153 | 7 | 9 |
| Helpers | 6228 | 5179 | 0 | 508 | 0 | 8 |
| Models | 38665 | 30777 | 861 | 3248 | 3 | 7 |
| Libraries | 29363 | 23740 | 238 | 2189 | 9 | 8 |
| Unit tests | 72 | 54 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chanko specs | 15700 | 13030 | 1 | 103 | 103 | 124 |
| Model specs | 22247 | 18297 | 3 | 35 | 11 | 520 |
| Helper specs | 588 | 507 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Routing specs | 128 | 102 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
| Total | 167976 | 136535 | 1277 | 7369 | 5 | 16 |
+----------------------+-------+-------+---------+---------+-----+-------+
13030 Chanko spec LOC

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Chanko
How COOKPAD safely releases
multiple feature prototypes - in production -
for test segments of their 15 million engaged users
@mrkn (Kenta Murata), @shingo (Shingo Morita)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/june29/3396011694/
http://www.confreaks.com/events/railsconf2012
https://speakerdeck.com/u/mrkn/p/chanko

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After Chanko
IDEA
BUILD
Limited release
IDEA
MEASURE
Public release
RELEASE
http://photozou.jp/photo/show/606813/95100763 http://photozou.jp/photo/show/276167/58451178
BUILD
LEARN
https://speakerdeck.com/u/mrkn/p/chanko?slide=20

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About 10 teams
1-3 developers per team

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After Chanko
IDEA
BUILD
Limited release
IDEA
MEASURE
Public release
RELEASE
http://photozou.jp/photo/show/606813/95100763 http://photozou.jp/photo/show/276167/58451178
BUILD
LEARN
https://speakerdeck.com/u/mrkn/p/chanko?slide=20

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How to shorten the waiting
time until a change gets
deployable?

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Continuous Integration
should be enough fast
Necessary condition

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git push git push
CI
git

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git push
build #k
10min
git push
CI
git

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git push
build #k build #k+1
10min 10min
git push
CI
git

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git push
build #k build #k+1
10min 10min
git push
CI
git
This commit can be deployed after 20min

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git push
build #k build #k+1
N min N min
git push
CI
git
This commit can be deployed after 2N min

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The maximum CI waiting minutes 2N min
Prescribed working time
8 hours
== 480 min
The maximum count of deploy
480 / 2N
== 240 / N
N : The CI waiting time to deploy 40 times
240 / 40
== 6 min

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Developers should guarantee their
changes doesn’t break any tests
when they pushes the changes
into the master branch.

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The test system for the developers
should provide an environment
which isn’t broken by
simultaneous test executions.
Necessary condition

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Of course developer testing
should be enough fast, too.
Necessary condition

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Three conditions
• CI should be fast
• Developer-testing environment should be
available for simultaneous executions
• Developer-testing should be fast

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6000
6500
7000
7500
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05/01 06/01 07/01
Ti
Examples count
6000
6500
7000
7500
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05/01 06/01 07/01
Ti
Examples count
The number of examples in
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05/01 06/01 07/01
Ti
Examples count

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05/01 06/01 07/01
Ti
Examples count

View Slide

ThreeFour conditions
• CI should be fast
• Developer-testing environment should be
available for simultaneous executions
• Developer-testing should be fast
• The system should be able to scale out for
increasing tests

View Slide

Remote spec
and
Distributed CI
The solutions in COOKPAD

View Slide

͍·Կ͔࣌ͳʁ
Distributed RSpec in
COOKPAD

View Slide

From here
• The mechanisms of the current remote spec
• The problems of the current remote spec
• The future remote spec

View Slide

Big Procedural Flow
1. Rsync the application’s code tree
2. Prepare workers’ environment
• MySQL and Solr
3. Run RSpec remotely

View Slide

1. Grouping spec les so that each the group has
almost same execution time based on the last
execution time log
2. Executing RSpec for each the group on the
remote workers via ssh
3. Results of RSpec is collected via pipe, and
displayed so that the user can easily distinguish
which worker makes the results.
How to distribute

View Slide

spec_execution_times.log
./spec/models/country_spec.rb:0.239013
./spec/integration/pr/event_spec.rb:11.48333
./spec/integration/recipes_spec.rb:159.893117
./spec/integration/device/info_spec.rb:3.592802
./spec/libs/symboliclink_check_spec.rb:2.024438
./spec/controllers/advertisement_module_2_spec.rb:27.125839
./spec/libs/mail_functions_spec.rb:0.123556
./spec/models/generic_recipe_spec.rb:0.716866
./spec/libs/ruby_syntax_spec.rb:18.92995
./spec/libs/cookpad_logger_spec.rb:0.233645
./spec/controllers/device/myfolder_controller_spec.rb:7.037313
./spec/integration/trend_keyword_spec.rb:1.224577
./spec/models/search_category_recipe_spec.rb:2.82474
./spec/controllers/hello_controller_spec.rb:0.846888
./spec/controllers/api_controller_spec.rb:0.936871
./spec/integration/recipes_hot_notification_spec.rb:27.260698
./spec/models/diary_mailer_spec.rb:1.156989
(snip)

View Slide

spec_execution_times.log
• Execution times are recorded for each
spec le.
• An execution time of a spec le is de ned
as one of the top-level example group in
the spec le.

View Slide

Condition Execution time
single rspec too long; unmeasurable
8-core parallel_tests over 1 hour
5 workers,
each have 6-cores
about 15 min

View Slide

6000
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05/01 06/01 07/01
Ti
Examples count

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Real execution time
$ grep cookpad:spec ci.log
(11) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.130000 495.010000 (164.655632)
(07) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.120000 493.490000 (166.317008)
(03) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.120000 604.060000 (217.101263)
(12) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.130000 711.730000 (217.371807)
(10) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.130000 550.990000 (224.883867)
(08) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.130000 632.330000 (226.134510)
(04) cookpad:spec --> 0.010000 0.130000 615.030000 (233.176576)
(06) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.120000 592.900000 (232.820875)
(01) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.130000 562.510000 (242.002139)
(13) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.130000 560.200000 (241.834410)
(09) cookpad:spec --> 0.030000 0.120000 750.040000 (268.914216)
(00) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.130000 692.820000 (280.803856)
(05) cookpad:spec --> 0.020000 0.140000 726.640000 (289.625570)
(02) cookpad:spec --> 0.010000 0.130000 679.850000 (437.498087)

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Wrong balancing
• The execution time on each worker was
varied.
• Runtime conditions of servers aﬀected the
execution times.
• I retired the way to divide spec les into
groups before executing RSpec.

View Slide

Dynamic distributing
• I need the method to distribute spec les
dynamically according to runtime
conditions of workers
• The answer is Producer-Consumer pattern

View Slide

Producer-Consumer pattern
• The basic way to implement parallel task
processing.
• Producers produce tasks and enqueue
them into a queue.
• Consumers dequeue tasks from the
queue, and processes them.

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The Producer-Consumer Pattern

View Slide

By this pattern
• Slow workers process fewer tasks than the
others.
• Fast workers process much more tasks
than the others.
• As a result the execution times of workers
are almost same.

View Slide

The Producer-Consumer Pattern
spec le
spec
le

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I implemented it
• Using dRuby and Rinda::TupleSpace
• Producer and consumers communicate
with each other via a queue represented
by Rinda::TupleSpace
• On workers, dRuby gateway is executed
via ssh, and the gateway process launches
each consumer DRbObject.

View Slide

Consumer process
• A consumer takes a spec le from a queue,
a TupleSpace, and execute it.
• I want to avoid spending time for
generating a new process and loading and
initializing Rails environment by executing
“rspec” command.
• I need to use rspec abnormally.

View Slide

Time is up

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RSpec::Core::CommandLine#run
def run
...
@configuration.load_spec_files
@world.announce_filters
@configuration.reporter.report(...) do |reporter|
begin
@configuration.run_hook(:before, :suite)
@world.example_groups.ordered.map {|g|
g.run(reporter)
}.all? ? 0 : @configuration.failure_exit_code
ensure
@configuration.run_hook(:after, :suite)
end
end
end

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RSpec::Core::CommandLine#initialize
# RSpec::Core::CommandLine#initialize
def initialize(options,
configuration=RSpec::configuration,
world=RSpec::world)
...
@world = world
end
# RSpec::Core::Runner.run
def run(...)
...
CommandLine.new(options).run(err, out)
...
end
# RSpec.world
def self.world
@world ||= RSpec::Core::World.new
end

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Normally RSpec
• Example groups are de ned in global
RSpec::Core::World object
• Running example groups in the global
RSpec::Core::World object is running
examples.

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Abnormally RSpec
• Need to load a single spec le, run
example groups only de ned in the spec
le, and clear the all example groups from
the global RSpec environment.
• RSpec::Core::World#clear does it.

View Slide

Consumer’s main loop
def main
loop do
_, spec_file = @tuple_space.take [:spec_file, String]
load File.expand_path(spec_file)
begin
@configuration.run_hook(:before, :suite)
@world.example_groups.ordered.map {|g|
g.run(reporter)
}.all? ? 0 : @configuration.failure_exit_code
ensure
@configuration.run_hook(:after, :suite)
@world.clear
end
end
end

View Slide

remote_spec.gem

View Slide

remote_spec.gem
com
ing
soon

View Slide

Conclusion
• Testing facilities in COOKPAD are
introduced
• The mechanisms of distributed RSpec in
COOKPAD are introduced
• My current attempts don’t get in time.
• remote_spec.gem is coming soon.

View Slide

Distributed RSpec

Distributed RSpec

Kenta Murata

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