TypeScript による GraphQL バックエンド開発

10/14 の Tech Play での発表資料です
https://techplay.jp/event/873259

Transcript

1. 5ZQF4DSJQU
   ʹΑΔ (SBQI2-
   όοΫΤϯυ։ൃ 5ZQF4DSJQUͷܕγεςϜͱσʔλϑϩʔʹண໨ͨ͠એݴతϓϩάϥϛϯά גࣜձࣾ Ұٳ ҏ౻ ௚໵
2. Ϟνϕʔγϣϯ
3. ࡢࠓɺϑϩϯτΤϯυ 
   όοΫΤϯυͷٕज़తؔ৺ࣄʹΪϟοϓ • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷঢ়ଶ؅ཧϞσϧ • σβΠϯγεςϜ • ϓϦϨϯμϦϯά • ŋŋŋ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ όοΫΤϯυ • υϝΠϯϞσϧ • ϨΠϠʔυɾΞʔΩςΫνϟ • $234 • ŋŋŋ ૊৫ͷٕज़࿅౓্͕͕Ε͹্͕Δ΄Ͳɺؔ৺ࣄͷΪϟοϓ͕޿͕͍ͬͯͬͨ
4. 3FBDU
   ͰϑϩϯτΤϯυΛ։ൃ͔ͯ͠Βɺ όοΫΤϯυΛॻ͘ͱŋŋŋ • 3FBDU
   ŋŋŋ খ͞ͳؔ਺Λ૊Έ߹Θͤͯએݴతʹॻ͍͍ͯ͘ • όοΫΤϯυ ŋŋŋ ΫϥεΛͨ͘͞Μॻ͍ͯɺϨΠϠʔΛލ͙ͱ %50
   Ͱͷ஋٧Ίସ͑Λߦͬ ͯɺJOUFSGBDF
   ͰґଘੑͷٯసΛߦͬͯŋŋŋ – ʮŋŋŋϑϩϯτΤϯυͩͱ͜͏͍͏͜ͱɺ͋Μ·Γ΍Βͳ͍ΑͶʯ ։ൃ࣌ͷϝϯλϧϞσϧͷΪϟοϓ͕େ͖͍ ίϯςΩετεΠονͷෛ୲΋େ͖͍
5. όοΫΤϯυ։ൃͷ΍ΓํΛ࠶ߟͯ͠Έ͍ͨ • 3FBDU
   Λ࢖͍ͬͯΔͱϑϩϯτΤϯυ͸ബ͘ॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • ؔ৺ࣄ͕ҧ͏ͷ͸౰વɻ͔ͱ͍ͬͯɺ΍Γํ͕ҧ͏ͷΛશٙ͘Θͳ͍ͷ΋Ͳ͏ͩΖ͏ ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷঢ়ଶ؅ཧ͸ෳࡶ ͦͷෳࡶͳ΋ͷΛͲ͏ѻ͏͔ɺݱ࣌఺Ͱ࠷ྑͷϞσϧͷͻͱ͕ͭ 3FBDU
   ͷ͸ͣ ʮෳࡶͳঢ়ଶΛͲ͏ѻ͏͔ʯͱ͍͏؍఺ͰɺαʔόʔαΠυ΋ಉ͡Α͏ʹߟ͑ΒΕͳ͍ͷ͔ Α͠ɺ(SBQI2-
   όοΫΤϯ υ΋ 5ZQF4DSJQU
   Ͱॻ͍ͯΈ Α͏
6. ຊ࿦ʹೖΔલʹɺ(SBQI2-
   όοΫΤϯυͱ $234
7. $234 • ίϚϯυΫΤϦ੹຿෼཭ݪଇ $PNNBOE2VFSZ
   3FTQPOTJCJMJUZ
   4FHSFHBUJPO$234 – ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ࣮૷ͷจ຺Ͱ͸
   ࢀরܥ 2VFSZ
   ͱߋ৽ܥ $PNNBOE
   ͰҟͳΔϞσϧΛ࢖ ͏Ξϓϩʔν
8. (SBQI2-
   2VFSZ
   ͱυϝΠϯϞσϧͷʮू໿ʯ͸ɺטΈ߹Θ͕ͤѱ͍ • (SBQI2-
   2VFSZ ˞ .VUBUJPO
   Ͱ͸ͳ͍ – ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ϢʔεέʔεΛߏ੒͢Δ – ू໿୯ҐͰ͸ͳ͘ɺϦιʔε୯ҐͰૢ࡞͞ΕΔ • (SBQI2-
   2VFSZ
   ʹݶΒͣ
   ू໿Λશ෦Ҿ͘Θ͚ʹ͍͔ͳ͍৔໘ͰͲ͏͢Δ͔ŋŋŋ͸ '"2 – ྫ
   ݕࡧҰཡϖʔδ – $234
   Λద༻ͯ͠ 2VFSZ
   4FSWJDF
   Λ࣮૷͢Δͱ͍͏ͷ͕ɺͻͱͭͷղܾࡦ
9. (SBQI2-
   2VFSZ
   Ͱ͸ෳࡶͳۀ຿ϩδοΫ͕͋·Γඞཁͳ͍ ˞զʑͷ৔߹ • ܦݧతʹ෼͔͖ͬͯͨ – ଟ͘͸σʔλϕʔεͷ஋Λͦͷ·· (SBQI2-
   0CKFDU
   ʹ͢Ε͹ྑ͍͚ͩ – ϦονͳʮυϝΠϯϞσϧʯ͸ࢀরܥʹ͸ɺඞཁͳ͍͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ • ͦ΋ͦ΋ %%%
   ͷू໿͸ࢀরͱ͍͏ΑΓɺू໿શମͷ੔߹ੑΛอͭ͜ͱʹॏ͖͕ஔ͔Ε͍ͯΔŋŋŋ͸ͣ
10. https://speakerdeck.com/qsona/architecture-decision-for-the-next-n-years-at-studysapuri?slide=35
11. 1SJTNB
12. 1SJTNB • ʮ03.ʯͱ͋Δ͕࣮ࡍ͸ΫΤϦϏϧμʔ
    ϓϨʔϯͳΦϒδΣΫτΛฦ͢σʔλΞΫηεϥΠϒϥϦ • ࠓ೔ͷ࿩ͱ͸͋·Γؔ܎ͳ͍
    ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠʹґଘ͠ͳ͍εΩʔϚఆٛɺϚΠάϨʔγϣϯػߏΛ͍࣋ͬͯ Δͷ͕௕ॴɻ։ൃऀମݧ͕ͱͯ΋ྑ͍
13. Domain Model GraphQL Mutation Repository ߋ৽ܥ GraphQL Query Prisma Prisma ࣌ʑ
    ബ͍ %PNBJO૚ ࢀরܥ (SBQI2-
    
    1SJTNB
    
    $234
14. Domain Model GraphQL Mutation Repository ߋ৽ܥͷυϝΠϯϞσϧΛͲ͏ॻ͔͘ɻ͔͜͜Β͕ຊ࿦ ߋ৽ܥ GraphQL Query Prisma Prisma 薄い Domain Layer ࢀরܥ
15. 8FC
    ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯόοΫΤϯυͷ࣮૷ํ๏Λ࠶ߟ͢Δ
16. ࡢࠓͷϑϩϯτΤϯυͷϓϩάϥϛϯάύϥμΠϜΛߟ͑ͯΈΔ https://zenn.dev/mizchi/articles/oop-think-modern
17. &MN
    ΞʔΩςΫνϟ https://guide.elm-lang.jp/architecture/
18. update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg ) update msg model = case msg of ToggleLike -> ( { model | photo = Maybe.map toggleLike model.photo }, Cmd.none ) UpdateComment comment -> ( { model | photo = Maybe.map (updateComment comment) model.photo }, Cmd.none ) SaveComment -> ( { model | photo = Maybe.map saveNewComment model.photo }, Cmd.none ) LoadFeed (Ok photo) -> ( { model | photo = Just photo }, Cmd.none ) LoadFeed (Err _) -> ( model, Cmd.none ) viewLikeButton : Photo -> Html Msg viewLikeButton model = let buttonClass = if model.liked then ... div [ class "like-button" ] [ i [ class "fa fa-2x", class buttonClass, onClick ToggleLike ] [] ] &MN 7JFX
    ͸ .PEFM
    Λඳըɻ Ϣʔβʔૢ࡞ʹԠͯ͡Πϕ ϯτΛૹΔͱŋŋŋ &MN
    ϥϯλΠϜ͕ VQEBUF
    ؔ਺ ΛݺͿɻؔ਺ʹ͸Πϕϯτͷछ ྨʹԠͨ͡Ϟσϧͷঢ়ଶભҠΛ هड़͓ͯ͘͠
19. ঢ়ଶભҠͷؔ਺ ֎քͱ΍Γͱ Γ *0 イベント コマンド
20. model -> model' model -> model' model -> model' ΠϕϯτΛܖػʹঢ়ଶ͕ભҠ͢Δ ŋŋŋ ࣌ܥྻʹج͍ͮͨঢ়ଶ
21. ঢ়ଶભҠͷؔ਺ ϥϯλΠϜ΍ϑ ϨʔϜϫʔΫ イベント コマンド Πϕϯτʹ൐͍ঢ়ଶΛભҠͤͯ͞ɺ͋ͱ͸ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍ϥϯλΠϜʹ೚ͤΔ
22. 3FEVY
    "QQMJDBUJPO
    %BUB
    'MPX
    https://redux.js.org/tutorials/essentials/part-1-overview-concepts
24. όοΫΤϯυͰ΋ಉ͡Α͏ʹʮ࣌ܥྻʹجͮ͘ঢ়ଶભҠʯͷࢹ఺Ͱߟ͑ΒΕͳ͍͔ • όοΫΤϯυͷੈքͷओͳʮঢ়ଶʯ ŋŋŋ υϝΠϯϞσϧͷঢ়ଶ • υϝΠϯϞσϧͷঢ়ଶΛભҠͤ͞ΔΠϕϯτ
    ŋŋŋ υϝΠϯΠϕϯτ
25. ͨͱ͑͹ʮ॓ധ༧໿ʯΛྫʹυϝΠϯϞσϧΛվΊͯߟ͑ͯΈΔ • ͲΜͳ؍఺ʹ஫໨ͯ͠ߟ͑ͯΈΔ΂͖͔ – σʔλߏ଄ – &3ਤ – Ϋϥεͷ࣮૷ – ը໘ • ͍ͣΕ΋੩తͳߏ଄ʹয఺Λ౰͍ͯͯΔɻࢹ఺Λม͑ͯΈ͍ͨ – ಈతͳ΋ͷŋŋŋυϝΠϯΠϕϯτ΍ঢ়ଶʹয఺Λ౰ͯͯΈΔͱ
26. ʮ༧໿ʯͷঢ়ଶભҠʹண໨ͯ͠ΈΔ ༧໿׬ྃ Χʔυܾࡁ ࡁΈ Ωϟϯηϧ ॓ധࡁΈ
27. ৽ن༧໿͕׬ྃ͢Δલ͔ΒυϝΠϯϞσϧ͸ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ ༧໿׬ྃ Ωϟϯηϧ ॓ധࡁΈ ೖྗ ݕূࡁΈ ೖྗະݕূ ࡏݿ֬อ ࡁΈ
28. ঢ়ଶ͸Կ͔͠ΒͷΠϕϯτΛܖػʹભҠ͢Δ ༧໿׬ྃ Ωϟϯηϧ ॓ധࡁΈ ೖྗ ݕূࡁΈ ೖྗະݕূ ࡏݿ֬อ ࡁΈ ༧໿Λ։࢝ͨ͠ ݕূ͕׬ྃͨ͠ ࡏݿΛ֬อͨ͠ ༧໿Λߦͬͨ Ωϟϯηϧ͞Εͨ ॓ധͨ͠
29. model -> model' model -> model' model -> model' ͓΍
30. ྆୺͸֎෦ͱͷΠϯλϑΣʔε model -> model model -> model &WFOU
    )BOEMFS 8FC
    "QQ
    ͳΒ SPVUFS %#ʹอଘ͠ Ϩεϙϯε 6*
31. model -> model model -> model event &WFOU
    )BOEMFS 8FC
    "QQ
    ͳΒ SPVUFS %#ʹอଘ͠ Ϩεϙϯε 6* event event ֎ͷੈք ֎ͷੈք ֎ͷੈք Πϕϯτ ˠ
    Ϟσϧͷঢ়ଶભҠ 🤔 Ͳ͔͜Ͱݟͨͳŋŋŋ
32. ঢ়ଶભҠͷؔ਺ ϥϯλΠϜ΍ϑ ϨʔϜϫʔΫ イベント コマンド ಉ͡
33. *0
    
    ঢ়ଶભҠ 
    *0 Pure function Model -> Model *0 JOQVU
    
    MPBE *0 PVUQVU
35. https://www.slideshare.net/ScottWlaschin/reinventing-the-transaction-script-ndc-london-2020
36. ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱόοΫΤϯυͷঢ়ଶ؅ཧ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυͷঢ়ଶ؅ཧ ŋŋŋ ओͳؔ৺ࣄ͸ʮΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷঢ়ଶʯ • όοΫΤϯυͷঢ়ଶ؅ཧ ŋŋŋ ओͳؔ৺ࣄ͸ʮυϝΠϯϞσϧɺυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτͷঢ় ଶʯ ؅ཧ͍ͯ͠Δঢ়ଶͷίϯςΩετ͸ҧ͏΋ͷͷ ঢ়ଶ؅ཧͷϞσϧ͸ࣅͨΑ͏ʹߟ͑ΒΕΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔
37. όοΫΤϯυ΋ 5ZQF4DSJQU
    Ͱએݴతϓϩάϥϛϯά
38. ʮυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτͷঢ়ଶભҠΛએݴతʹهड़ͭͭ͠ *0
    ͔Β෼཭͢Δʯ • ͜ͷίϯηϓτͰ࣮૷ • &MN
    ΞʔΩςΫνϟ΍ॻ੶ %PNBJO
    .PEFM
    .BEF
    'VODUJPOBM
    Λࢀߟʹ
39. ͜ͷελΠϧͰΑ͘࢖͏΋ͷ • type / interface • λά෇͖ϢχΦϯ ௚࿨ܕ • 3FTVMU
    ܕ • ΧϦʔԽ • ܕͷϒϥϯυԽ
    ίϯύχΦϯΦϒδΣΫτ
40. ͋·Γ࢖Θͳ͍΋ͷ • class • ྫ֎ͷ throw – Error Ϋϥε͸࢖͍·͢
41. ؆୯ͳϢʔεέʔεྫ
42. 5BH
    ΤϯςΟςΟ ू໿ϧʔτ
    ͷঢ়ଶભҠʹண໨͢Δ 7BMJEBUFE 6OWBMJEBUFE $SFBUFE ೖྗ͕͋ͬͨ ݕূͨ͠ ࡞੒ͨ͠ ˞͜͜Ͱͷʮ$SFBUFEʯ͸͋͘·ͰυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτ͕ l࡞੒ࡁΈz
    ʹͳͬͨঢ়ଶͰ͋ͬͯɺσʔλϕʔεʹϨίʔυ Λ௥Ճͨ͠ɺͱ͍͏ঢ়ଶͰ͸ͳ͍
43. 5BH
    ΫϥεΛ࡞Δ export class Tag { state: 'Unvalidated' | 'Validated' | 'Created', id: TagId | undefined, groupId: RestaurantGroupId, label: string, icon: TagIcon | undefined, sortOrder: number | undefined, builtin: boolean | undefined }
44. export class Tag { state: 'Unvalidated' | 'Validated' | 'Created', id: TagId | undefined, groupId: RestaurantGroupId, label: string, icon: TagIcon | undefined, sortOrder: number | undefined, builtin: boolean | undefined } ঢ়ଶભҠલʹ͸֬ఆ͠ͳ͍ϓϩύςΟ͕ VOEFGJOFE ʹͳͬͯ͠·͏ŋŋŋ
45. interface UnvalidatedTag { kind: 'Unvalidated' groupId: string label: string icon?: { symbol: string; type: TagIconType; color?: string | null | undefined } | null | undefined } interface ValidatedTag { kind: 'Validated' groupId: RestaurantGroupId label: string icon: TagIcon } export interface CreatedTag { kind: 'Created' id: TagId groupId: RestaurantGroupId label: TagLabel icon: TagIcon sortOrder: number builtin: boolean } //※この型は実際には出番がないので使っていない export type Tag = UnvalidatedTag | ValidatedTag | CreatedTag ͦ͜Ͱঢ়ଶ͝ͱʹܕΛఆٛ͢Δ ঢ়ଶ͕ભҠ͢Δ 
    υϝΠϯΠϕ ϯτ͕ൃੜ͢Δ͝ͱʹϞσϧͷ஋ ͕֬ఆ͍ͯ͘͠ͷ͕એݴͰ͖͍ͯ Δ
46. l.BLF
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    Y
    
    
     ɾ྆ํ VOEFGJOFE ɾ྆ํͷ஋͕ຒ·Δ ͱ͍͏࢓্༷͋Γಘͳ͍ঢ়ଶ͕ੜ·ΕΔ औΓಘΔछྨ਺͸֤ଐੑͷ࿨ ௚࿨ 
    
    
     ࢓্༷͋Γಘͳ͍ঢ়ଶ͸දݱ͠ͳ͍ Ϩίʔυ͸ʮ͔ͭ "/% ʯ ϢχΦϯ͸ʮ·ͨ͸ 03 ʯ
47. ͪ͜ΒΑΓ΋ŋŋŋ export class Tag { state: 'Unvalidated' | 'Validated' | 'Created', id: TagId | undefined, groupId: RestaurantGroupId, label: string, icon: TagIcon | undefined, sortOrder: number | undefined, builtin: boolean | undefined }
48. interface UnvalidatedTag { kind: 'Unvalidated' groupId: string label: string icon?: { symbol: string; type: TagIconType; color?: string | null | undefined } | null | undefined } interface ValidatedTag { kind: 'Validated' groupId: RestaurantGroupId label: string icon: TagIcon } export interface CreatedTag { kind: 'Created' id: TagId groupId: RestaurantGroupId label: TagLabel icon: TagIcon sortOrder: number builtin: boolean } export type Tag = UnvalidatedTag | ValidatedTag | CreatedTag ͪ͜Βͷํ͕ɺ஋ͷ૊Έ߹Θͤύλʔϯ͕গͳ͘ݫີ
49. type validateTag = (model: UnvalidatedTag) => ValidatedTag const validateTag: validateTag = (model) => { // (省略: 値の validation ...) return { ...model, kind: 'Validated', groupId: RestaurantGroupId(model.groupId), icon: model.icon ? TagIcon(model.icon) : NoIcon(), } } ঢ়ଶΛભҠͤ͞Δεςοϓ ؔ਺
    
50. ঢ়ଶΛભҠͤ͞Δεςοϓ ؔ਺
     type createTag = (model: ValidatedTag) => CreatedTag const createTag: CreatedTag = (model) => { return { ...model, kind: 'Created', id: generateTagId(), sortOrder: getTagSortOrder({ groupId: model.groupId }), builtin: false, } } ४උ͕੔ͬͯॳΊͯ஋͕֬ఆ ͢ΔͷΛࣗવʹهड़Ͱ͖Δ ͳ͓ getTagSortOrder ͸ *0
    ͕͋Δ ͨΊ %*
    ͢Δɻޙड़
51. Ϟσϧͷܕɺؔ਺ͷܕʹΑͬͯঢ়ଶભҠΛએݴతʹهड़͢Δ 7BMJEBUFE 6OWBMJEBUFE $SFBUFE (model: UnvalidatedTag) => ValidatedTag (model: ValidatedTag) => CreatedTag
52. ݸผʹఆٛͨ͠ঢ়ଶભҠͷؔ਺Λܨ͍͛ͨ • Ͱ΋ɺܭࢉ͸ʮ్தͰࣦഊ͢ΔʯՄೳੑ͕͋Δ – ͨͱ͑͹υϝΠϯϞσϧͷࣄલ৚݅Λຬͨ͞ͳ͍Τϥʔ – 7BMJEBUJPO&SSPS
    ŋŋŋ – .BY5BH-JNJU&YDFFEFE
    ʜ • ʮ్தͰࣦഊ͢Δʯ͜ͱΛܕͰએݴͰ͖ͳ͍͔
    ˠ 3FTVMU
    ܕ
53. 3FTVMUܕͰࣦഊͷՄೳੑͷ͋ΔܭࢉΛҰຊಓʹ߹੒͢Δ import { Result, ok, err } from 'neverthrow' function itsUnder100(n: number): Result<number, Error> { return n <= 100 ? ok(n) : err(new Error('100より大きい数字です')) } function itsEven(n: number): Result<number, Error> { return n % 2 == 0 ? ok(n) : err(new Error('奇数です')) } function itsPositive(n: number): Result<number, Error> { return n > 0 ? ok(n) : err(new Error('負数です')) } const result = ok(96).andThen(itsUnder100).andThen(itsEven).andThen(itsPositive) result.match( (n) => console.log(n), (error) => { throw error } )
54. 3FTVMUܕͰঢ়ଶભҠؔ਺Λͭͳ͛ͯɺҰͭͷʮϫʔΫϑϩʔʯΛ࡞Δ 7BMJEBUFE5BH
    
    $SFBUFE5BH 6OWBMJEBUFE5BH
    
    7BMJEBUFE5BH 8PSL'MPX
55. type validateTag = (model: UnvalidatedTag) => Result<ValidatedTag, ValidationError> const validateTag: validateTag = (model) => { const groupId = RestaurantGroupId(model.groupId) const label = TagLabel(model.label) const icon = model.icon ? TagIcon(model.icon) : ok(NoIcon()) const values = Result.combine(tuple(groupId, label, icon)) return values.map(([groupId, label, icon]) => ({ ...model, kind: 'Validated', groupId, label, icon, })) } ঢ়ଶભҠͷ੒ޭ 
    ࣦഊΛ 3FTVMU
    ܕͰฦ͢Α͏ʹ͢Δ ஋ͷੜ੒ʹࣦഊ͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋ΔͷͰɺ ͜ΕΒ΋ 3FTVMUܕΛฦ͢
56. 3FTVMU
    ܕͰঢ়ଶભҠؔ਺Λܨ͛ͯɺϫʔΫϑϩʔ υϝΠϯϩδοΫ
    Λ࡞Δ type WorkFlow = (model: UnvalidatedTag) => Result<CreatedTag, CreateTagError> export const createTagWorkFlow: WorkFlow = (model) => ok(model).andThen(validateTag).andThen(createTag)
57. ϫʔΫϑϩʔͷ࢝·ΓͱऴΘΓ͕ɺ֎քͱͷ JO
    
    PVU 7BMJEBUFE5BH
    
    $SFBUFE5BH 6OWBMJEBUFE5BH
    
    7BMJEBUFE5BH 8PSL'MPX ೖྗͷ%50 ྫ
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    ʹม׵ UBH3FQPTJUPSZ
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58. (SBQI2-
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    3FQPTJUPSZ
    %#
    ͱϫʔΫϑϩʔΛ઀ଓ͢Δ import { saveCreatedTag } from '../../../customers/repos/tagRepository' export const createTagMutation = mutationField('createTag', { ... resolve(_root, { input }, context) { const workflow = createTagWorkFlow() // GraphQL 入力をワークフローの入力に変換 const unvalidatedTag = toUnvalidatedTag({ ...input, groupId: context.operator.groupId, }) // ワークフローを実行し Repository パターンの関数で DB に保存 (ここも Result で繋ぐ) const result = ok(unvalidatedTag).andThen(workflow).andThen(saveCreatedTag(context)) return result.match( (tag) => ({ tag: { ...tag, id: toGlobalId('Tag', tag.id), }, }), (error) => { // ここで初めて例外をスロー (単に Nexus にエラーを伝える手段としてスローする) throw error } ) }, })
59. ok(model).andThen(workflow).andThen(saveCreatedTag(context)) (SBQI2-
    *OQVU σʔλϕʔε Pure function Model -> Model *0 JOQVU
    
    MPBE *0 PVUQVU
60. ঢ়ଶભҠͷؔ਺ ϥϯλΠϜ΍ϑ ϨʔϜϫʔΫ イベント コマンド
61. σʔλϑϩʔϓϩάϥϛϯά • 3FTVMU
    ܕͰࣦഊͷ͋ΔܭࢉΛ߹੒͠ɺσʔλͷ௨Γಓͱͯ͠ͷܭࢉաఔΛ࡞Δ – ͦ͜ʹσʔλΛ์ΓࠐΉͱɺͦͷதΛ௨ͬͯঢ়ଶભҠͨ͠σʔλ͕ಘΒΕΔ – σʔλΛσʔλͷ··ɺͦͷՄൖੑΛԼ͛ͣʹѻ͍͍ͨɻ݁Ռ class ͷొ৔ػձ͕ͳ͍ • ܭࢉΛҰຊಓʹ͢Δ – େҬ୤ग़͸͠ͳ͍ɻେҬ୤ग़͢Δͱܭࢉ͕ҰຊಓʹͳΒͳ͍ ˠ
    ྫ֎Λ࢖Θͳ͍ – ࣦഊͷ෼ذ͸ 3FTVMU
    Ͱ߹੒ ˞
    3FTVMU
    ܕ͸Ϟφυ – ܭࢉ͕ҰຊಓʹͳΔ 
    σʔλ͸ෆมɻೝ஌ෛՙ͕௿͘ͳΔ
62. υϝΠϯϞσϧͷอଘ͸ैདྷ௨Γ 3FQPTJUPSZ export const saveCraetedTag = ({ prisma }: applicationContext) => (model: CreatedTag): ResultAsync<TagData, PrismaClientError> => { const { kind: _, ...tag } = model const icon = toIconData(tag.icon) return ResultAsync.fromPromise( prisma.tag.create({ data: { ...tag, ...icon, }, }), PrismaClientError ) } 3FTVMU"TZODGSPN1SPNJTF
    Λ࢖͏͜ ͱͰ 1SPNJTF
    Λ 3FTVMU
    ʹแΈɺଞͷ 3FTVMU
    ܕͱ߹੒Ͱ͖Δ ྫ֎΋෧͡ࠐΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
63. 3FQPTJUPSZ
    ύλʔϯʹ͍ͭͯ • %PNBJO
    .PEFM
    .BEF
    'VODUJPOBM
    Ͱ͸ʮ͜ͷख๏ͳΒ 3FQPTJUPSZ
    ͸ඞཁͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏هड़͕͋Δ – ᐌ͘ 3FQPTJUPSZ
    ͸ .VUBCMF
    ͳυϝΠϯϞσϧʹجͮ͘΋ͷ͔ͩΒɺͱͷ͜ͱ – ղઆ͕୹͍͜ͱ΋͋Γจҙ͕Α͘௫Ίͳ͔ͬͨŋŋŋ • ैདྷ௨Γ 3FQPTJUPSZ
    Λར༻ – ͨͩ͠3FQPTJUPSZ
    ΫϥεͷΦϒδΣΫτͰ͸ͳ͘ɺؔ਺ – ू໿͸ηΦϦʔ௨Γʹߏங͍ͯ͠Δɻ׶͑ͯݸผͷߋ৽༻ؔ਺ʹ෼ׂ͢Δඞཁ͸ͳ͍ͱߟ͑ͨ
64. XPSLGMPX
    ʹॾʑॻ͍͍ͯ͘ͱɺτϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτʹͳΔ • %PNBJO
    .PEFMJOH
    .BEF
    'VODUJPOBM
    ͸τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτ • ŋŋŋ͕ɺڽूੑʹ՝୊͕ग़ͦ͏ͳͷͰɺ߲࣍ͷͱ͓ΓϞδϡʔϧԽͨ͠
65. ΤϯςΟςΟͷܕΛج఺ʹͨ͠ϞδϡʔϧΛ࡞ΓɺίΞυϝΠϯϩδοΫؔ਺͸ͦ͜ʹूΊΔ // customers/objects/tag.ts export interface Tag { id: TagId groupId: RestaurantGroupId label: TagLabel icon: TagIcon sortOrder: number builtin: boolean } export const updateLabel = (label: TagLabel) => (tag: Tag) => ({ ...tag, label }) export const updateIcon = (icon: TagIcon) => (tag: Tag) => ({ ...tag, icon })
66. τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτͰ͸ͳ͘ͳΔ • ίΞυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτͷपΓʹɺίΞυϝΠϯϩδοΫؔ਺͕ू·Δ • XPSLGMPX
    ͸ͦͷίΞυϝΠϯϩδοΫؔ਺Λݺͼग़ͯ͠ɺۀ຿ϑϩʔΛ૊ΈཱͯΔ໾ׂʹ – ΦχΦϯΞʔΩςΫνϟͳͲͷ 6TF$BTF
    ͱಉ͡໾ׂ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΞʔΩςΫνϟͷશ ମ૾͸ɺैདྷͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͱͦΕ ΄Ͳେ͖͘มΘ͍ͬͯͳ͍
67. έʔεͦͷ
    طଘͷΤϯςΟςΟͷߋ৽ • ͖͞΄Ͳ·Ͱͷ͸ΤϯςΟςΟͷ৽ن࡞੒ • طଘͷΤϯςΟςΟΛߋ৽͢ΔΑ͏ͳϢʔεέʔεͷ৔߹ŋŋŋ – σʔλϕʔε͔ΒΤϯςΟςΟΛ෮ݩ͢Δ – ͦͷΤϯςΟςΟͱ͸ผʹɺೖྗ͕͋Δ
68. 7BMJEBUFE *OQVU 6OWBMJEBUFE *OQVU 6QEBUFE
    5BH 5BH (SBQI2- %# 3FQPTJUPSZ ͳΜ͔ͩͪ͝Όͭ͘ŋŋŋ
69. (SBQI2- %# 3FQPTJUPSZ *OQVU 5BH 6OWBMJEBUFE $PNNBOE 7BMJEBUFE $PNNBOE ŋŋŋ 6QEBUFE5BH 8PSL'MPX HFU5BH#Z*E ೖྗͱυϝΠϯΦϒδΣΫτΛͻͱͭʹ·ͱΊͨʮίϚϯυʯΛϫʔΫϑϩʔͷೖྗʹ͢Δ ͦͷ্Ͱɺઌ΄Ͳಉ༷ɺ୯ํ޲σʔλ ϑϩʔͷதͰঢ়ଶભҠͤͯ͞໨తͷग़ ྗʹ͚͍ۙͮͯ͘
70. // customers/workflows/updateTag.ts interface UnvalidatedInput { kind: 'Unvalidated' label: string icon?: { symbol: string; type: TagIconType; color?: string | null | undefined } | null | undefined } interface UnvalidatedCommand { input: UnvalidatedInput tag: Tag } interface ValidatedInput { kind: 'Validated' label: TagLabel icon: TagIcon } interface ValidatedCommand { input: ValidatedInput tag: Tag } // Output type UpdatedTag = Tag & { kind: 'Updated' }
71. // customers/workflows/updateTag.ts // substep1: validateCommand type validateCommand = (command: UnvalidatedCommand) => Result<ValidatedCommand, ValidationError> // substep2: updateTag type updateTag = (command: ValidatedCommand) => Result<UpdatedTag, UpdateTagError> // workflow: validateCommand -> updateTag type WorkFlow = (command: UnvalidatedCommand) => Result<UpdatedTag, UpdateTagError> export const updateTagWorkFlow = (): WorkFlow => (command) => ok(command).andThen(validateCommand).andThen(updateTag)
72. (SBQI2- %# 3FQPTJUPSZ *OQVU 5BH 6OWBMJEBUFE $PNNBOE 7BMJEBUFE $PNNBOE ŋŋŋ 6QEBUFE5BH 8PSL'MPX HFU5BH#Z*E
73. // customers/repos/tagRepository.ts export const findTagById = ({ prisma }: applicationContext) => (id: TagId): ResultAsync<Tag | null, ValidationError | PrismaClientError> => ResultAsync.fromPromise( prisma.tag.findUnique({ where: { id } }), PrismaClientError ).andThen((tag) => (tag ? Tag(tag) : ok(null))) export const getTagById = (context: applicationContext) => (id: TagId): ResultAsync<Tag, EntityNotFound | ValidationError | PrismaClientError> => findTagById(context)(id).andThen((tag) => tag ? ok(tag) : err(new EntityNotFound(`タグがみつかりません: ${id}`)) )
74. // graphql/mutation/updateTag.ts export const updateTagMutation = mutationField('updateTag', { type: UpdateTagPayload, args: { tagId: idArg({ description: 'タグID' }), input: TagInput, }, resolve(_root, { tagId, input }, context) { const workflow = updateTagWorkFlow() const preprocess = TagId(tagId) .asyncAndThen(getTagById(context)) .map((tag) => toUnvalidatedCommand({ input, tag })) const result = preprocess.andThen(workflow).andThen(saveTag(context)) return result.match( ... ) }, })
75. *0
    
    ঢ়ଶભҠ 
    *0 Pure function Model -> Model *0 JOQVU
    
    MPBE *0 PVUQVU
76. ΑΓෳࡶͳϑϩʔ͸ • جຊతʹ͸ߏ଄͸ಉ͡Ͱɺߏ଄ࣗମ͸ෳࡶʹͳΒͳ͍ • ঢ়ଶભҠͷαϒεςοϓ͕૿͍͑ͯ͘
77. έʔεͦͷ
    υϝΠϯϩδοΫͷ్தͰ *0
    ͕ൃੜ͢Δ৔߹ • ඞͣ͠΋υϝΠϯϩδοΫ࣮ߦલʹಡΈࠐΈΛࡁ·ͤΒΕΔέʔε͹͔ΓͰ͸ͳ͍ • ͨͱ͑͹ŋŋŋ – ࡞੒ͨ͠ΤϯςΟςΟͷฒͼҐஔΛɺσʔλϕʔεʹ໰͍߹Θܾͤͯఆ͢Δ – υϝΠϯϞσϧͷߋ৽ʹɺԿΒ͔֎෦ͷ 8FC "1*
    
    Λίʔϧͯ͠औಘͨ͠஋Λར༻͢Δ – ŋŋŋ
78. %FQFOEFODZ
    *OKFDUJPO
    Λ࢖͏ • *0
    ͦͷ΋ͷΛۀ຿ॲཧͷ్த͔ΒऔΓআ͚ͳ͍ͳΒɺ%*
    Ͱ XPSLGMPX
    ͕ *0 ʹ·ͭΘΔܕ ྫ σʔλ ϕʔε઀ଓΦϒδΣΫτ ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ – XPSLGMPX
    ͸ *0
    ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ؔ਺Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛҡ࣋͢Δ • %*
    ͸ΧϦʔԽʹΑΔ෦෼ద༻Ͱ࣮ݱ͢Δ – %PNBJO
    .PEFM .BEF
    'VODUJPOBM
    ͰఏҊ͞Ε͍ͯͨख๏
79. // customer/services/tag.ts export type getTagSortOrder = ({ groupId }: { groupId: RestaurantGroupId }) => ResultAsync<number, PrismaClientError> export const getTagSortOrder = ({ prisma }: applicationContext): getTagSortOrder => ({ groupId }) => ResultAsync.fromPromise( prisma.tag .aggregate({ _max: { sortOrder: true, }, where: { groupId }, }) .then((x) => (x._max.sortOrder ? x._max.sortOrder + 1 : 1)), PrismaClientError ) ΧϦʔԽʹΑΓɺ෦෼ద༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ ʹ͢Δ
80. // graphql/mutation/createTag.ts export const createTagMutation = mutationField('createTag', { type: CreateTagPayload, args: { input: TagInput, }, resolve(_root, { input }, context) { const workflow = createTagWorkFlow(checkTagExists(context), getTagSortOrder(context)) // DI const unvalidatedTag = toUnvalidatedTag({ ...input, groupId: context.operator.groupId, }) const result = workflow(unvalidatedTag).andThen(saveCreatedTag(context)) return result.match(...) }, }) ϫʔΫϑϩʔʹ͸ίϯςΩετ ͕෦෼ద༻͞Εͨؔ਺Λ౉͢
81. // customer/workflows/createTag.ts type createTag = (model: ValidatedTag) => ResultAsync<CreatedTag, CreateTagError> const createTag = (getTagSortOrder: getTagSortOrder): createTag => (model) => { const values = getTagSortOrder({ groupId: model.groupId }) return values.map((n) => ({ ...model, kind: 'Created', id: generateTagId(), sortOrder: n, builtin: false, })) } // workflow: validateTag -> createTag type WorkFlow = (model: UnvalidatedTag) => ResultAsync<CreatedTag, CreateTagError> export const createTagWorkFlow = ( checkTagExists: checkTagExists, // dependency getTagSortOrder: getTagSortOrder // dependency ): WorkFlow => (model) => okAsync(model).andThen(validateTag(checkTagExists)).andThen(createTag(getTagSortOrder)) ϫʔΫϑϩʔ͔Β͸σʔλϕʔείϯ ςΩετ͕ཁΒͳ͍७ਮؔ਺ʹݟ͑Δɻ ͭ·Γɺςετ΍σόοά࣌ɺ७ਮؔ ਺ʹࠩ͠׵͑Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ %*͞Εͨؔ਺Λ஫ೖͭͭ͠΋ɺσʔλ ϑϩʔ͸͜Ε·Ͱ௨Γͷߏ଄ HFU5BH4PSU0SEFS
    ΋ 3FTVMU
    Λฦ͢ ͷͰɺσʔλϑϩʔͷதͰ݁Ռ͸߹੒ ͞ΕΔ
82. %*
    Ͱղܾ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ *0
    Ͱ͸ͳ͍৔߹͸ϫʔΫϑϩʔͷαϯυΠονʹ͢Δͱྑ͍ɺͱͷ͜ͱ https://www.slideshare.net/ScottWlaschin/reinventing-the-transaction-script-ndc-london-2020
83. ߟ࡯
84. ϑϩϯτΤϯυͱͷൺֱ • ࣌ܥྻʹجͮ͘ঢ়ଶભҠ σʔλϑϩʔ
    Λએݴతʹهड़͢Δɺͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ͸ಉ͡ʹͳͬͨ – ܕͱখ͞ͳؔ਺ͷએݴతͳهड़ͰɺϑϩʔΛ૊Έ্͛Δ • ҰํɺϫʔΫϑϩʔͷ࣮૷Λ͍ͯ͠Δͱ͖ͷײ֮ʹ͸·ͩڑ཭͕͋Δ – υϝΠϯΠϕϯτͰঢ়ଶભҠɺͱ͍ͬͯ΋ଟ͘ͷ৔߹͸ʮ7BMJEBUF
    ͯ͠ɺೖྗͰυϝΠϯϞσϧ Λߋ৽͢Δʯ͚ͩ • ݁ՌɺϫʔΫϑϩʔ͸ఆܕతͳهड़͕ଟ͘ͳΔ ŋŋŋ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫԽͰ͖Δ͔΋ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͸ͦ͜Λ 3FBDU
    ΍ &MN
    ͳͲͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕΍͍ͬͯΔ ͔ͩΒɺΠϕϯτʹର͢ΔϞ σϧͷঢ়ଶભҠͱɺͦͷঢ়ଶΛදݱ͢ΔϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯͷهड़ʹूதͰ͖Δ • ΠϕϯτͱΠϕϯτͷͭͳ͗߹Θͤ ྫ
    3FTVMU
    ܕʹΑΔ߹੒
    Λࣗ෼Ͱهड़͍ͯ͠Δͷ͕ݱঢ়
85. ैདྷͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͱͷࠩҟʹ͍ͭͯ • ్தͰ৮Εͨͱ͓Γɺେ࿮ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸͋·ΓมΘ͍ͬͯͳ͍ – 6TF$BTF
    ૬౰ͷ XPSLGMPX – 3FQPTJUPSZ – ίΞυϝΠϯϞσϧ – ू໿ɺΤϯςΟςΟ • ίϯϙʔωϯτͷதͷ࣮૷ͷύϥμΠϜ͕ҟͳΔ – ܕͰۀ຿ͷঢ়ଶɺϑϩʔΛએݴ͢Δ – σʔλϑϩʔϓϩάϥϛϯάʹΑΔɺ୯ํߴσʔλϑϩʔ
86. ैདྷख๏ʹൺֱ͠هड़ྔ͸গͳ͍ • σʔλΛσʔλͷ··ӡΜͰ͍ΔͷͰʮ٧Ίସ͑ͯ໾ׂͷҟͳΔผछͷΦϒδΣΫτʯʹ͢ Δŋŋŋͱ͍͏ඞཁ͕ͳ͍ – ஋ͷίϐʔ͸࣮ࡍʹ͸ͱ͜ΖͲ͜Ζ΍͍ͬͯΔ͕ ͨͩͷσʔλΛ
    ෼ׂ୅ೖͰهड़Ͱ͖ΔͷͰɺ هड़ྔ͸࠷খ
87. ݱ࣌఺Ͱͷײ૝ • ࢓্༷ͳ͍ঢ়ଶΛ࡞ΒͣʹࡁΉͨΊɺݎ࿚ • ΑΓෳࡶͳϫʔΫϑϩʔΛ࣮૷ͨ͠৔߹΋ಉ͡ߏ଄ʹऩ·Δɻೝ஌ෛՙ͕௿͍ • 3FTVMU
    ܕʹΑΓܭࢉΛܨ͛ΒΕΔΑ͏هड़͢Δྑ͍ڧ੍ྗ͕ಇ͘ – ͨͩ͠ andThen().andThen().asyncAndThen().map() ͸͕͢͞ʹಡΈͮΒ͍ – 3FTVMU
    ͕ೖΕࢠʹͳͬͯ͘Δͱɺ3FTVMU
    ܕύζϧʹ೰Ή࣌΋ŋŋŋ • )BTLFMM
    ͷ EPه๏ɺ'
    ͷίϯϐϡςʔγϣϯࣜʹ૬౰͢Δ΋ͷ͕ཉ͍͠ŋŋŋ • ஋ͷ٧Ίସ͑ͷهड़͕ͳ͍ͷ͸ ͱͯ΋
    خ͍͠
88. ;Γ͔͑Γ https://zenn.dev/mizchi/articles/oop-think-modern
89. ·ͱΊ • ࣌ܥྻʹجͮ͘ঢ়ଶભҠͷએݴͱϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆʹΑΔঢ়ଶભҠɺௐఀ – ϑϩϯτΤϯυ͸ɺͦͷͨΊͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ࣮૷͕ॆ࣮͍ͯ͠Δ – ؔ਺ܕ͔ΒӨڹΛड͚ͨྑ͍࡞๏ • ʮએݴతϓϩάϥϛϯάʯͷϓϥΫςΟε͸ɺ೥ݱ࣌఺Ͱ͸ܦݧతʹ΋ྑ͍΋ͷ – όοΫΤϯυ։ൃ΋͜ͷߟ͑ํʹऩᏑ͍ͤͯ͘͞ͷ΋ѱ͘ͳ͍ͷͰ͸ ˠ
    ΍ͬͯΈͨΒ޷ײ৮ – ྲྀߦΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸Θ͔Γ·ͤΜ • ϑϩϯτΤϯυ 
    όοΫΤϯυͷύϥμΠϜΪϟοϓΛগͳ͍͖͍ͯͨ͘͠
90. ัଊ • 5ZQF4DSJQU
    ʹ૊ΈࠐΈͷ 3FTVMU
    ܕ͸ͳ͍ͷͰɺOFWFSUISPX
    Λ࢖ͬͨɻଞʹ΋ GQUT
    ͳͲͷީิ͕͋Δ • 3FTVMU
    ܕ͸ XPSLGMPX
    ͷߏ੒͚ͩͰͳ͋͘ΒΏΔ৔ॴͰ࢖͏ • 1SPNJTF
    ΋ 3FTVMU"TZOD
    ʹΑͬͯ 3FTVMU
    Խͯ͠߹੒Ͱ͖Δ • UZQF
    ͱ JOUFSGBDF
    ͷ࢖͍෼͚ ŋŋŋ GQUT
    ʹ฿͍ͬͯΔɻಛʹͦ͏͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒ͍ཧ༝͸ͳ͍ͱࢥ͏ • ؔ਺͕σϑΥϧτͰΧϦʔԽ͞Εͳ͍ͷ͸࢓ํ͕ͳ͍ɻ࣌ંΧϦʔԽͨ͠ͷΛ๨Εͯ͸·Δ • SFBEPOMZ
    ͸ԣணͯ͠ɺ࢖ͬͯͳ͍ɻ ͪΌΜͱݕ౼͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
91. ͓·͚ ŋŋŋ OFXUZQF
    
    ׬શίϯετϥΫλ declare const __newtype: unique symbol export type newtype<Constructor, Type> = Type & { readonly [__newtype]: Constructor } export type TagId = newtype<'TagId', string> export function TagId(value: string): Result<TagId, ValidationError> { return validate(value) ? ok(value as TagId) : err(new ValidationError('IDの形式が不正です')) } υϝΠϯϞσϧͷߏ੒ʹ /PNJOBM
    ͳܕ͕ཉ͍͠ͱ͖͸ɺ͜͏͍ ͏࣮૷Ͱ΍ͬͯ·͢
92. ࢀߟจݙ • 4DPUU
    8MBTDIJO
    ʮ%PNBJO
    .PEFMJOH
    .BEF
    'VODUJPOBM
    ᴷ
    5BDLMF
    4PGUXBSF
    $PNQMFYJUZ
    XJUI
    %PNBJO%SJWFO
    %FTJHO
    BOE
    'ʯ
     • +FSFNZ
    'BJSCBOL
    ஶ
    ϠΪͷ͘͞ΒͪΌΜ ຋༁
    ʮϓϩάϥϛϯά&MN
    ᴷ
    ҆શͰϝϯςφϯε͠΍͍͢ϑϩϯτΤϯυ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃೖ໳ʯ
     • ླ໦ ྅ଠ
    ʮϓϩΛ໨ࢦ͢ਓͷͨΊͷ5ZQF4DSJQUೖ໳ ᴷ ҆શͳίʔυͷॻ͖ํ͔Βߴ౓ͳܕͷ࢖͍ํ·Ͱʯ
     • #PSJT
    $IFSOZ ஶ ࠓଜ ݠ࢜ ؂म ݪ ོจ ຋༁
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