Art of the Classical World: Greece and Rome

Transcript

1. Art  of  the  Classical  World:  
   Ancient  Greece  and  Rome  
   Reading  
   Ar+orms,  226-­‐236  
    
   Range  
   900  BCE-­‐400  CE  
   Archaic  (Greece),  Classical  (Greece),  
   Hellenis8c  (Greece),  Roman  Republic,  
   Roman  Empire  
    
   Terms/Concepts  
   Kouros  (Kouroi),  Archaic  Smile,  
   Canon  of  ProporGons,  Contrapposto,  
   Arch,  Arcade,  Aqueduct,  
   Amphitheater,  Engaged  Column,  
   Doric,  Ionic,  Corinthian,  Oculus,  
   Coffer,    
   Key  Monuments  
     Metropolitan  Kouros,  AOca,  
   Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
     KriGos  Boy,  Early  Classical,  c.  480  
   BCE  
     Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  
   Bearer),  High  Classical  c.  5th  
   Century  CE  
     Nike  of  Samothrace,  Sanctuary  of  
   the  Great  Gods,  Samothrace,  
   HellenisGc,  c.  180  BCE    
     Pont  du  Gard,  Nîmes  (France).    
   Late  first  century  BCE.      
     Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  
   Rome,  72-­‐80  BCE.    
   

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2. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AOca,  Archaic,  c.  
   600  BCE  
   

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3. Metropolitan  
   Kouros,  AOca,  
   Archaic,  c.  600  
   BCE  
   Portrait  Statue  of  
   Mentuemet,  Late  
   Period  Egypt,  
   660-­‐650  BCE  
   

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4. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AOca,  Archaic,  c.  600  BCE.  
   

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5. Metropolitan Kouros.
   From Attica. c.600 BCE.
   Menkaure and a Queen,
   perhaps Khamerernebty II
   (from Giza). c.2490- 2472
   BCE.
   Egyptian pharaoh (king)
   Psammetichos I (r.664-610)
   invited Greek mercenaries
   and merchants to Egypt
   

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7. Anavysos  Kouros,  Cemetery  at  Anavysos,  near  Athens,  
   c.  530  BCE  
   “Stay  and  mourn  at  the  
   monument  for  dead  Kroisos  
   whom  violent  Ares  destroyed,  
   fighGng  in  the  front  rank.”    
   

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8. Peplos  Kore,  Acropolis,  Athens,  
   Archaic,  c.  530  BCE  
   

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9. Dying  Warrior,  West  Pediment,  Temple  of  Aegina,  Aphaia,  Greece,  c.  500  BCE  
   Dying  Warrior,  East  Pediment,  Temple  of  Aegina,  Aphaia,  Greece,  c.  480  BCE  
   

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10. A  Turning  Point  
    KriGos  Boy,  Athenian  Acropolis,  Early  
    Classical,  c.  480  BCE  
    

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11. Myron,  Diskobolos  (Discus  Thrower),  
    Roman  copy  of  an  Early  Classical,  470-­‐440  
    BCE  
    

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12. Eadweard  Muybridge,  Man  Throwing  Discus,  Collotype  from  glass  
    negaGve,  1883-­‐1886  
    

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14. Different  Roman  copies  (1st-­‐2nd  centuries  CE)  of  Myron’s  5th-­‐century  CE  bronze  original.  
    

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15. Warrior,  Found  in  the  sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
    

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16. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the  
    sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  
    Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
    

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17. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the  
    sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  
    Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
    

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18. The  Canon  of  Polykleitos  
    Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  Bearer),  Roman  Copy  from  
    Greek  Original,  High  Classical  c.  5th  Century  CE  
    

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19. “but  beauty,  he  thinks,  does  not  reside  in  the  proper  
    proporGon  of  the  elements  but  in  the  proper  proporGon  
    of  the  parts,  such  as  for  example  that  of  finger  to  finger  
    and  all  these  to  the  palm  and  base  of  hand,  of  those  to  
    the  forearm,  of  the  forearm  to  the  upper  arm  and  of  
    everything  to  everything  else,  just  as  described  in  the  
    Canon  of  Polykleitos.  For  having  taught  us  in  that  work  
    all  the  proporGons  of  the  body,  Polykleitos  supported  
    his  treaGse  with  a  work  of  art,  making  a  statue  
    according  to  the  tenets  of  the  treaGse  and  calling  it,  like  
    the  treaGse  itself,  the  Canon.  So  then,  all  philosophers  
    and  doctors  accept  that  beauty  resides  in  the  due  
    proporGon  of  the  parts  of  the  body.”  
    

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23. Contrapposto  
    Pythagorean  Table  of  Opposites  
     
     Finite        Infinite  
     Odd        Even  
     One      Many  
     Right        Leg  
     Rest      MoGon  
     Straight    Crooked  
     Light      Darkness  
     Good      Evil  
     Square      Oblong  
    

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25. The  Canon  of  Lysippos  
    Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos  (The  Scraper),  Roman  Copy  of  a  Greek  Original,  
    Late  Classical,  4th  century  CE  
    

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26. Doryphoros,  5th  century  BCE.   Apoxyomenos,  4th  century  BCE.  
    

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27. Lysippos. Weary Herakles.
    Roman copy signed by Glykon of
    Athens after bronze original of c.
    320 BCE.
    Lysippos. Man Scraping
    Himself (Apoxyomenos).
    Roman copy, after a bronze
    original of c.350-325 BCE.
    Praxiteles. Aphrodite of
    Knidos. Roman marble copy
    after original of c.350 BCE.
    

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28. Nike  of  Samothrace,  Sanctuary  of  the  Great  Gods,  
    Samothrace,  HellenisGc,  c.  180  BCE    
    

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29. Nike  of  Samothrace,  Sanctuary  of  the  Great  Gods,  
    Samothrace,  HellenisGc,  c.  180  BCE    
    

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30. Rome  
    

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31. ★Rome is known fundamentally as an urban civilization
    Model  of  the  City  of  Imperial  Rome  
    Mosaic  of  the  Goddess  
    Roma,  1st-­‐2nd  Century  CE    
    

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32. Nîmes
    

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33. Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first century
    BCE.
    •   Aqueduct:  An  arGficial  channel  for  transporGng  water  from  a  distant  source  
    Water  
    

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34. Water Channel, Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France).
    Late first century BCE.
    100  gallons  per  person  
    30  Miles  North  
    Channel  would  have  been  covered  to  prevent  
    heaGng  and  contaminaGon  
    

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35. Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late
    first century BCE.
    

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36. Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first century
    BCE.
    Scaffolding  used  for  
    construcGon  and  repair.  
    

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37. •  Voussoir: A wedge-
    shaped block used in
    the construction of an
    arch
    •  The central voussoir is
    the keystone
    

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38. The  distribuGon  of  weight  on  an  arcade.  
    

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39. Flavian  Ampitheater  72-­‐80  CE  
    Titus    79-­‐80  CE  
    Vespasian    69-­‐79  CE  
    

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41. Doric
    Ionic
    Corinthian
    Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Rome,  
    72-­‐80  BCE.    
    Engaged columns
    ★Engaged  columns  only  give  the  impression  of  
    support.    The  arcades  could  support  themselves.  
    

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42. Extensive  quarrying  of  the  façade.    
    Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Rome,  
    72-­‐80  BCE.    
    

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43. Groin  Vault  
    Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Interior  
    Vaults,  Rome,  72-­‐80  BCE.    
    

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44. Diagram of an arch Diagram of a barrel vault
    Vaults  supported  the  seats  and  substructure  of  
    the  Coliseum.  
    

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45. Diagram of a barrel vault Diagram of a groin vault
    Groin  vaults  are  two  crossed  barrel  vaults.  
    

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46. Flavian  Amphitheater  (Colosseum)  
    ReconstrucGon,  Rome,  72-­‐80  BCE.    
    

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47. Inaugural festivities by Emperor Titus: 100 days, in which
    9,000 animals and 2,000 gladiators were killed.
    Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Rome,  
    72-­‐80  BCE.    
    

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48. Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Rome,  
    72-­‐80  BCE.    
    

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49. Gladiatorial  Entertainments,  “Zliten  Mosaic”,  Dar  Buc  
    Ammera  Villa,  Zliten,  Libya,  c.  before  80  CE  
    

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50. Gladiatorial  Entertainments,  “Zliten  Mosaic”,  Dar  Buc  
    Ammera  Villa,  Zliten,  Libya,  c.  before  80  CE  
    Musicians  and  Costumed  Performers  
    

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51. Gladiatorial  Entertainments,  “Zliten  Mosaic”,  Dar  Buc  
    Ammera  Villa,  Zliten,  Libya,  c.  before  80  CE  
    Gladiator  vs.  Gladiator  
    

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52. Gladiatorial  Entertainments,  “Zliten  Mosaic”,  Dar  Buc  
    Ammera  Villa,  Zliten,  Libya,  c.  before  80  CE  
    Gladiator  vs.  Beast  
    

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53. Gladiatorial  Entertainments,  “Zliten  Mosaic”,  Dar  Buc  
    Ammera  Villa,  Zliten,  Libya,  c.  before  80  CE  
    Beast  vs.  Beast  
    

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54. Flavian  Amphitheater  (Coliseum),  Rome,  
    72-­‐80  BCE.    
    ★ 80  exits  to  accommodate  50,000  spectators    
    

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55. The  Pantheon  
    Hadrian    117-­‐138  CE    
    

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56. The  Pantheon  
    Pantheon  
    

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57. ★ Temple dedicated to all the gods (pan=all and theion=gods)
    pediment
    porch  
    dome  
    cylindrical    
    drum  
    The  Pantheon,  Rome,  c.  118-­‐125  CE.  
    

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58. Temple, perhaps dedicated to Portunus. In the
    Cattle Market, Rome. Late second century BCE.
    The  Pantheon,  Rome,  c.  118-­‐125  CE.  
    

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59. Oculus  
    Coffer  
    The  Pantheon,  Rome,  c.  118-­‐125  CE.  
    ★ 143 feet
    ★60  feet  
    ★  20  feet  
    

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60. The  Pantheon,  Interior,  Rome,  c.  
    118-­‐125  CE.  
    ★Niches  once  held  the  statues  of  gods,  but  were  replaced  
    by  saints    in  609  by  Pope  Boniface  IV.  
    

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